Resulting Chelating Resin Research Articles

Preparation of a novel chelating resin bearing amidinothiourea moieties and its removal properties for Hg(II) ions in aqueous solution

ABSTRACTA novel chelating resin bearing amidinothiourea (ADTU) moieties was prepared by chloroethyl crosslinked polystyrene (CMPS) with ADTU in the presence of a phase transfer catalyst. Fourier transform infrared spectra (FT-IR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to characterized the resulting chelating resin. The saturated adsorption capacity of Hg(II) ions estimated from the Langmuir model was up to 1215 mg g−1at 313 K. Furthermore, the resin was able to selectively separate Hg(II) from multicomponent solutions with Cd(II), Co(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), Mg(II) and Pb(II). The desorption process showed the mercury recovery reached to 99.2% under eluting condition of 1 M HCl + 8% thiourea.

Synthesis and characterization of polyamidoxime chelating resin for adsorption of Cu(II), Mn(II) and Ni(II) by batch and column study

New polyamidoxime chelating resin (PAO-AN) was prepared by copolymerization of acrylonitrile (AN) with N,N′-methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) followed by amidoximation reaction with hydroxyl amine under alkaline conditions. The composition, properties and morphology of the resulting chelating resin have been characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermal gravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy, surface area measurements and water regain. Batch technique was employed to examine the effects of different parameters such as solution pH, concentration of metal ions, contact time and medium temperature on metal ion uptake. The results indicated that the new chelating resin (PAO-AN) had high affinity towards heavy metal ions such as Cu(II), Ni(II) and Mn(II) which showed the maximum uptake of the chelating resin of 2.62, 2.21 and 1.42 mmol/g resin, respectively. The adsorption data have been perfectly described by Langmuir isotherm rather than other isotherms such as Freundlich and Temkin. Kinetics data have been analyzed using pseudo-first order, pseudo-second order, and intra-particle diffusion equations. However, pseudo-second-order kinetic model was best fit with the obtained data. Thermodynamic data proved the spontaneity of sorption process. Furthermore, the removal of metal ions using amidoxime resin (PAO-AN) has been studied using column technique as well. Regeneration was effectively performed using nitric acid and the chelating resin could be used repetitively for five times with little decrease (≈1–10%) in sorption of metal ions.

Preconcentration of some heavy metals by Amberlite XAD-4 functionalized with Phenanthroline and investigation of microwave radiation effect on kinetic of adsorption

Phenanthroline modified Amberlite XAD-4 has been synthesized by coupling it through an azo spacer. The resulting chelating resin, characterized by elemental analysis, thermogravimetric analysis and infrared spectra, was used to preconcentrate Cd, Pb, Fe, Co, Cu and Zn ions. Parameters, such as sorption capacity of the chelating resin, pH and eluent, were evaluated. The effects of electrolytes and cations on the preconcentration were also investigated. Furthermore, effect of microwave power was investigated on adsorption rate of these heavy metals. The obtained results show, time of extraction is reduced significantly by this modification. The detection limit, were found to be 1.4, 4.1, 2.4, 3.9, 3.1, 3.9 μg L−1 for Cd, Pb, Fe, Co, Cu and Zn, respectively. The relative standard deviation of the ten replicate determinations was <7%. The procedure was validated by standard addition and comparison of obtained result by GFAAS method. The developed method was utilized for preconcentration of Cd, Pb, Fe, Co, Cu and Zn in wastewater, potato and preconcentration of Pb in lipstick with satisfactory results.

Removal of cyanide and zinc–cyanide complex with malachite green functionalized amberlite XAD-4 resin from electroplating wastewater

A new chelating resin was prepared by coupling Amberlite XAD-4 with malachite green through an azo spacer, and it has been used for the removal of cyanide and zinc from electroplating wastewater. The resulting chelating resin was characterized by elemental analysis, thermogravimetric analysis and infrared spectra. The effect of pH, electrolytes, and foreign ions was evaluated on the efficiency of cyanide removal, and some eluents were considered for the regeneration of synthesized resin. For the initial 200 mg L−1 cyanide solution, the packed bed gave a cyanide effluent concentration of 0.2 mg L−1 at 110 bed volume and in the mixture of 200 mg L−1 cyanide and 100 mg L−1 zinc. The packed beds were exhausted at 185 bed volumes. In order to validate the methodology, the proposed method was applied to electroplating wastewater for the removal of cyanide and zinc. Wastewater was analyzed, before and after of passing from synthesized resin. The results clearly indicated the success in removing cyanide in wastewater using the chelating process.

Synthesis of a new chelating resin bearing amidoxime group for adsorption of Cu(II), Ni(II) and Pb(II) by batch and fixed-bed column methods

A new amidoxime chelating resin (PAO-AM) was synthesized from the functionalization of poly(acrylamide-co-N,N′-methylenebisacrylamide) (CPM) supported acrylonitrile group (CPM-EA-AN) with hydroxylamine under alkaline conditions. The CPM-EA-AN was prepared by treatment of CPM with ethylenediamine; the amino group in CPM-EA was reacted with acrylonitrile to give CPM-EA-AN. The resulting chelating resin was characterized with FTIR spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), water regain and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET). Batch experiments were performed to study the effects of solution pH, metal ions concentration, contact time and adsorption temperature on metal ion adsorption. It was found that PAO-AM showed high affinity toward Cu(II), Ni(II) and Pb(II) ions. The maximum adsorption capacities were found to be 2.3, 1.94 and 1.14mmol/g resin for Cu(II), Ni(II) and Pb(II), respectively. The adsorption isotherms were analyzed using the Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin isotherms. The adsorption isotherms were better fitted by the Langmuir equation. The kinetics data were analyzed by pseudo-first order, pseudo-second order, and intra-particle diffusion equations. The results showed that the adsorption process could be described by pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Thermodynamic parameters revealed the spontaneity of adsorption process and higher temperatures favor the adsorption process. Additionally, the adsorption performance of (PAO-AM) toward Cu(II), Ni(II) and Pb(II) using fixed bed column method was investigated. Regeneration of chelating resin loaded with metal ions was effectively performed and the resin could be used repetitively for 5 times with a small decrease in adsorption capacity.

Characterization and Application of 1-(2-Pyridylazo)-2-naphthol Functionalized Amberlite XAD-4 for Preconcentration of Trace Metal Ions in Real Matrices

Amberlite XAD-4 resin (AXAD-4) has been functionalized by coupling it through an —N═N— group with 1-(2-pyridylazo)-2-naphthol (PAN). The resulting chelating resin, PAN-AXAD-4, has been characterized by using elemental and thermogravimetric analysis, infrared spectra, water regain value, and hydrogen ion capacity. The sorption capacity was found to be (285, 145, 135, 85, and 76) μmol·g−1 for Zn(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), and Pb(II), respectively. The kinetics was studied at different temperatures, and the corresponding rate constants were also determined. All the metals could be eluted with 5 mL of HNO3 resulting in a high preconcentration factor of 300 to 500. The detection limits were found to be (0.65, 0.80, 0.85, 0.95, and 1.40) μg·L−1 for Zn(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), and Pb(II), respectively. The validity of the method was checked by analyzing standard reference materials and performing recovery studies. The analytical utility of the PAN-AXAD-4 for preconcentration and determination of metal ions was explored by analyzing river, canal, sewage, tap water, multivitamin formulation, and infant milk substitute by direct as well as the standard addition method.

Novel chelating resin with cyanoguanidine group: Useful recyclable materials for Hg(II) removal in aqueous environment

A novel chelating resin containing cyanoguanidine moiety has been successfully prepared by the functionalizing reaction of a macroporous bead based on chloromethylated copolymer of styrene-divinylbenzene (CMPS) with dicyandiamide (DCDA) in the presence of phase transfer catalyst. The Fourier transform-infrared spectra (FT-IR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were employed in the characterization of the resulting chelating resin, meanwhile, the adsorption properties of the resin for Hg(II) were investigated by batch and column methods. The results indicated that the resin displayed a marked advantage in Hg(II) binding capacity, and the saturated adsorption capacity estimated from the Langmuir model was dramatically up to 1077 mg g −1 at 45 °C. Furthermore, it was found that the resin was able to selectively separate Hg(II) from multicomponent solutions with Zn(II), Cu(II), Pb(II) and Mg(II). The desorption process of Hg(II) was tested with different eluents and the ratio of the highest recovery reached to 96% under eluting condition of 1 M HCl + 10% thiourea. Consequently, the resulting chelating resin would provide a potential application for treatment process of Hg(II) containing wastewater.

Synthesis and Characterization of New Chelating Resin Functionalized with Pyrocatechol Violet and its Application as Extractant for Zinc (II)

A new chelating resin, pyrocatechol violet (PV) immobilised on Amberlite XAD-4 polymeric matrix, was prepared. The resulting chelating resin has been characterised by elemental analysis, infrared (IR) spectra and textural analysis (BET). The resin was used for the preconcentration of Zn (II) prior to its determination by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). The optimization of experimental conditions during the quantitative extraction of Zn (II) by the resin phase was performed using factorial design including pH, amount of resin, and contact time. The phase exchange kinetic studies performed of Zn (II) revealed that equal 40 min was sufficient for reaching equilibrium metal ion sorption. Sorption is quantitative in the pH range of 5 – 5.5 (recovery 98 – 99%).

Preconcentration and determination of trace metal ions from aqueous samples by newly developed gallic acid modified Amberlite XAD-16 chelating resin

Gallic acid was immobilized on Amberlite XAD-16 by coupling it through –N N group. The resulting chelating resin AmberliteXAD-16 gallic acid, characterized by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), infrared (IR) spectra and BET analysis, was used to preconcentrate Cr(III), Mn(II),Fe(III),Co(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II)ions. The resin was employed for the preconcentration of the metal ions present in river water and industrial area aqueous samples. Several parameters like effect of pH, effect of time, effect of sample volume and flow rate of sample were investigated. The sorption capacities for the resin were 216 μmol g −1, 180 μmol g −1, 403 μmol g −1, 281 μmol g −1, 250 μmol g −1 and 344 μmol g −1 for Cr(III), Mn(II), Fe(III), Co(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II) respectively. The preconcentration factors for Cr(III), Mn(II),Fe(III),Ni(II),Co(II) and Cu(II) were found out to be 300, 200, 400, 285.7, 300 and 400 respectively. The effect of various interfering ions was also studied. Results were validated by using standard addition method for river water sample.

Synthesis of dl-DOPA functionalized chelating resin: Its application in separation of metal ions from environmental samples

Chloromethylated polystyrene-divinylbenzene has been functionalized with 3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl) dl-alanine (dl-DOPA). The resulting chelating resin has been characterized by its elemental analyses, infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis and metal ion sorption capacities. It has been used for the preconcentration and separation of Ni, Co, Zn II , Cd and Pb and their determination by FAAS. Parameters such as the amount of resin, effect of pH, equilibration rate, sorption and desorption of metal ions and effect of diverse ions have been studied. The sorption capacities increase with increase in pH. Recoveries of the metal ions were 96 ± 5, 97 ± 6, 96 ± 5, 95 ± 8 and 96 ± 5 at 95% confidence level whereas the limits of detection (LOD) are 4.0, 5.0, 0.5, 1.3 and 25.0 mg L -1 for Ni, Co, Zn, Cd and Pb respectively, The calibration curves were linear up to 8 mg L -1 (R 2 = 0.998), 10 mg L -1 (R 2 = 1.000), 2 mg L -1 (R 2 = 0.998), 2 mg L -1 (R 2 = 1.000) and 5 mg L -1 (R 2 = 0.979) for Ni, Co, Zn, Cd and Pb respectively. The reliability of the environment friendly method has been tested by analyzing certified samples.

Synthesis and application of a new chelating resin functionalized with salicylaldoxime for the determination of Pb(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) and Mn(II) ions in water samples by flame atomic absorption spectrometry

Amberlite XAD-1180 was functionalized with salicylaldoxime by coupling it through an −N=N− spacer to obtain a chelating resin for separation and preconcentration of Pb(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) and Mn(II) in water samples prior to the determination by using flame atomic absorption spectrometry. The resulting chelating resin was characterized by infrared spectroscopy (IR) and used as solid sorbent. Different factors including pH of sample solution, amount of solid phase, volume and concentration of eluent, sample volume and matrix effects were optimized to obtain quantitative recovery of the analytes. The optimum pH value for quantitative sorption was 6.0 and all the metal ions could be eluted using 5 mL of 1 mol L−1 HNO3. A good relative standard deviation (≤2.1%), quantitative recovery (≥92%), high enrichment factor (100 for Pb and 150 for Ni(II), Cu(II) and Mn(II)) and low detection limits (from 0.2 to 1.6 µg L−1) were obtained. The accuracy of the developed procedure was confirmed by determining the analytes in a certified reference material (TMDA-62, lake water) and analysing spiked water samples. The method was applied to the determination of the analytes in well water samples with satisfactory results.

Synthesis, characterization, and application of a new chelating resin functionalized with dithiooxamide

AbstractChloromethylated polystyrene‐divinylbenzene has been functionalized with dithiooxamide. The resulting chelating resin (DTOA) has been characterized by elemental analyses, infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and metal ion sorption capacities. It has been used for the preconcentration and separation of Cu(II), Zn(II), Cd(II), and Pb(II) prior to their determination by FAAS. Parameters such as the amount of the resin, effect of pH, equilibration rate, sorption and desorption of metal ions, and effect of diverse ions have been studied. The maximum sorption capacities found are 0.97, 0.12, 0.08, and 0.12 mmol g−1 for Cu(II), Zn(II), Cd(II), and Pb(II) at pH 6.0, 5.5, 1.0, and 5.5, respectively. The preconcentration factors are 100, 100, 50, and 50 for Cu(II), Zn(II), Cd(II), and Pb(II), respectively. Recoveries of the metal ions were 96 ± 5, 97 ± 6, 96 ± 5, and 96 ± 5 at 95% confidence level, whereas the limits of detection are 2.0, 1.3, 2.5, and 25.0 μg L−1 for Cu(II), Zn(II), Cd(II), and Pb(II), respectively. The calibration curves were linear up to 12 μg mL−1 (R2 = 1.000), 2 μg mL−1 (R2 = 0.998), 2 μg ml−1 (R2 = 1.000), and 5 μg mL−1 (R2 = 0.979) for Cu(II), Zn(II), Cd(II), and Pb(II), respectively. The reliability of the method has been tested by analyzing certified samples. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 103: 2281–2285, 2007

Preconcentration of trace metals with 2-(methylthio)aniline-functionalized XAD-2 and their determination by flame atomic absorption spectrometry

2-(Methylthio)aniline-modified Amberlite XAD-2 has been synthesized by coupling it through a NNNH group. The resulting chelating resin, characterized by elemental analysis, thermogravimetric analysis and infrared spectra, was used to preconcentrate Cd, Hg, Ni, Co, Cu and Zn ions. Several parameters, such as the distribution coefficient and sorption capacity of the chelating resin, pH and flow rates of uptake and stripping, and volume of sample and eluent, were evaluated. The effect of electrolytes and cations on the preconcentration was also investigated. The recoveries were >96%. The procedure was validated by standard addition and analysis of a standard river sediment material (GBW 08301, China). The developed method was utilized for preconcentration and determination of Cd, Hg, Ni, Co, Cu and Zn in tap water and river water samples by flame atomic absorption spectrometry with satisfactory results. The 3 σ detection limit and 10 σ quantification limit for Cd, Hg, Ni, Co, Cu and Zn were found to be 0.022, 0.028, 0.033, 0.045, 0.041, 0.064 μg l −1 and 0.041, 0.043, 0.052, 0.064, 0.058, 0.083 μg l −1, respectively.

Preconcentration and determination of trace elements with 2-aminoacetylthiophenol functionalized Amberlite XAD-2 by inductively coupled plasma–atomic emission spectrometry

2-Aminoacetylthiophenol (AATP)-modified Amberlite XAD-2 has been synthesized by coupling it through NNNH group. The resulting chelating resin, characterized by elemental analysis, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and infrared (IR) spectra, was used to preconcentrate Cd, Hg, Ag, Ni, Co, Cu and Zn ions. Several parameters, such as distribution coefficient and sorption capacity of the chelating resin, pH and flow rates of uptake and striping, volume of sample and eluent, were evaluated. The effects of electrolytes and cations on the preconcentration were also investigated. The recoveries were >96%. The procedure was validated by standard addition and analysis of a standard reference sediment material (GBW 07309 China). The developed method was utilized for preconcentration and determination of Cd, Hg, Ag, Ni, Co, Cu and Zn in tap water, river water and sediment samples by inductively coupled plasma–atomic emission spectrometry (ICP–AES) with satisfactory results. The 3σ detection limits for Cd, Hg, Ag, Ni, Co, Cu and Zn were found to be 0.10, 0.23, 0.41, 0.13, 0.25, 0.39 and 0.58μgl−1, respectively. The relative standard deviation of the determination was <10%.

Preconcentration and speciation of chromium using a melamine based polymeric sequestering succinic acid resin: its application for Cr(VI) and Cr(III) determination in wastewater

A new melamine based polymeric sequestering resin was prepared for preconcentration and separation of hexavalent chromium from water, and its sequestering action was investigated. The water-insoluble, cross-linked sequestering resin was formed by reaction with bromosuccinic acid and cross-linking of melamine. The active sequestering group on the resin is NH–(Succinic acid) or salt thereof. The resulting chelating resin was characterized by infrared spectra. The newly prepared resin quantitatively retained Cr(VI) at pH 2.0–4.0 when the flow rate was maintained between 1 and 5 ml min −1. The retained Cr(VI) was instantaneously eluted with 25 ml of 0.1 M NaOH. The chromium species were determined by a flame atomic absorption spectrometer. The limits of detection for Cr(VI) and Cr(III) were found to be 5.3 and 4.2 μg l −1, respectively. The precision and accuracy of the proposed procedure was checked by the use synthetic and reference steel samples. The established preconcentration method was successfully applied to the determination and selective separation of Cr(VI) in electroplating industry wastewater. Total concentrations determined by the spectrophotometric method (110.3±0.6 g l −1 Cr(VI) and 1.2±0.3 g l −1 Cr(III)) are compared with those found by FAAS and the obtained results (110.4±1.8 g l −1 Cr(VI) and 1.4±0.5 g l −1 Cr(III)) show good agreement.

Preparation of porous chelating resin containing linear polymer ligand and the adsorption characteristics for harmful metal ions

A linear copolymer consisting of maleic anhydride and methylvinylether has been immobilized on the interior surface of porous polymer beads. The modified polymer beads thus obtained have formed the starting material for the preparation of metal selective chelating resins by the reaction of the maleic anhydride moiety with appropriate ligands. Cysteamine has been grafted as the pendant ligand and the resulting chelating resin (cysteamine resin) maintains a high porosity and large specific surface area. On the basis of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electron dispersion X-ray (EDX) analyses, the linear polymer is distributed from the outer layer to the inner pores of the resin beads. The adsorption characteristics of the cysteamine resin for Cd 2+ and Pb 2+ have been examined with respect to the percentage extraction, adsorption isotherm and reproducibility upon adsorption–regeneration cycles. The chelating resin shows a remarkably high adsorption rate, which has been attributed to the porous nature of the resin and geometrical flexibility of the ligand. Quantitative removal of Cd 2+ and Pb 2+ from aqueous solution has been demonstrated by the column procedure packed with the cysteamine resin.

Microwave-assisted synthesis of a new chelating resin containing 2-aminothiophenyl S-acetic acid and its application to the determination of lead

Chloromethyl polystyrene has been functionalised with 2-aminothiophenyl S-acetic acid using microwave assisted reflux. The resulting chelating resin has been characterised by elemental analyses, infrared spectra, thermogravimetric analysis, hydrogen ion capacity and metal sorption capacity. It has been used for the preconcentration and separation of lead prior to its determination by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. The optimum conditions for both synthesis of the resin as well as the digestion of the road dust samples by microwave assisted treatment have been evaluated. Parameters such as the amount of the resin, effect of pH, equilibration rate, sorption and desorption of metal ions, and effect of diverse ions have been studied. The maximum sorption capacity for lead was found to be 0.03 mmol g −1 at the pH range 5.5–6.0. Recovery of Pb(II) was 98.9±3.5 at the 99% confidence level with a detection limit of 40.6 ng ml −1. The proposed method has also been applied for the determination of lead in road dust.

Application of a new resin functionalised with 6-mercaptopurine for mercury and silver determination in environmental samples by atomic absorption spectrometry

Polystyrene–divinylbenzene (8%) has been functionalised by coupling it through an NN group with 6-mercaptopurine. The resulting chelating resin has been characterised by using elemental analysis, thermogravimetric analysis and infrared spectra. The resin is highly selective for Hg(II) and Ag(I) and has been used for preconcentrating Hg(II) and Ag(I) prior to their determination by atomic absorption spectrometry. The maximum sorption capacity for Hg(II) and Ag(I) was found to be 1.74 and 0.52 mmol g −1, respectively, over the pH range 5.5–6.0. The calibration range for Hg(II) was linear up to 10 ng ml −1 with a 3 σ detection limit of 0.02 ng ml −1; the calibration range for Ag(I) was linear up to 5 μg ml −1 with a detection limit of 29 ng ml −1. The recoveries of the metals were found to be 99.7±3.8 and 101.3±4.1% at the 95% confidence level for both Hg(II) and Ag(I). In column operation, it has been observed that Hg(II) and Ag(I) in trace quantities can be selectively separated from geological, medicinal and environmental samples.

Amberlite XAD-2 functionalized with o-aminophenol: synthesis and applications as extractant for copper(II), cobalt(II), cadmium(II), nickel(II), zinc(II) and lead(II)

A stable chelating resin matrix was synthesized by covalently linking o-aminophenol ( o-AP) with the benzene ring of the polystyrene–divinylbenzene resin, Amberlite XAD-2, through a –NN– group. Elemental analyses, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and infrared spectra have characterized the resulting chelating resin. It has been used to preconcentrate Cu 2+, Cd 2+, Co 2+, Ni 2+, Zn 2+ and Pb 2+, prior to their determination by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. The optimum pH values for quantitative sorption of Cu, Cd, Co, Ni, Zn and Pb are 6.2–7.4, 5.6–7.2, 5.6–9.0, 6.0–9.0, 5.7–7.0 and 5.0–6.0, respectively. These metals are desorbed (recovery 91–98%) with 4 mol dm −3 HNO 3. The sorption capacity of the resin is 3.37, 3.42, 3.29, 3.24, 2.94 and 3.32 mg of metal g −1 of resin, respectively, for Cu, Cd, Co, Ni, Zn and Pb. The effect of NaF, NaCl, NaNO 3, Na 2SO 4, and Na 3PO 4 on the sorption of these metal ions has been investigated. These electrolytes are tolerable up to 0.01 mol dm −3 in case of all the metal ions, except Cl − which is tolerable even up to 0.1 mol dm −3 for Zn and 1.0 mol dm −3 for Pb. The preconcentration factor for Cu, Cd, Co, Ni, Zn and Pb are 50, 50, 100, 65, 40 and 40 (concentration level 10–25 μg dm −3) respectively. Simultaneous enrichment of the six metals is possible. The method has been applied to determine Cu, Cd, Co, Ni, Zn and Pb content in well water samples (RSD≤8%).

Thiosalicylic acid-immobilized Amberlite XAD-2: metal sorption behaviour and applications in estimation of metal ions by flame atomic absorption spectrometry

Thiosalicylic acid (TSA)-modified Amberlite XAD-2 (AXAD-2) was synthesized by coupling TSA with the support matrix AXAD-2 through an azo spacer. The resulting chelating resin was characterized by elemental analyses, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and infrared spectra. The newly designed resin quantitatively sorbs CdII, CoII, CuII, FeIII, NiII and ZnII at pH 3.5-7.0 when the flow rate is maintained between 2 and 4 ml min-1. The HCl or HNO3 (2 mol l-1) instantaneously elutes all the metal ions. The sorption capacity is 197.5, 106.9, 214.0, 66.2, 309.9 and 47.4 mumol g-1 of the resin for cadmium, cobalt, copper, iron, nickel and zinc, respectively, whereas their preconcentration factor is between 180-400. The breakthrough volume of HCl or HNO3 for elution of these metal ions was found to be 4-8 ml. The limit of detection (LOD) for CdII, CoII, CuII, FeIII, NiII and ZnII was 0.48, 0.20, 4.05, 0.98, 1.28 and 3.94 micrograms l-1, respectively, and the limit of quantification (LOQ) was found to be 0.51, 0.29, 4.49, 1.43, 1.58 and 4.46 micrograms l-1, respectively. The loading half time, t1/2, for the cations was found to be less than 2.0 min, except for nickel for which the value was 13.1 min. The determination of each of these six cations is possible in the presence of other five, if their concentration is up to 4 times. All six metals were determined in river water (RSD approximately 0.7-7.7%) and tap water samples (RSD approximately 0.3-5.7%). The estimation of Co was made in the samples of multivitamin tablets (RSD < 2.3%). The results agree with those quoted by manufacturers.