Results Of Intellectual Activity Research Articles

DEVELOPING AN OPEN INNOVATION MODEL:FOCUS ON INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY LENDING

The implementation of import substitution and ensuring technological sovereignty is not an easy task for the Russian economy, which correlates with intensification of innovation activity in all spheres of national economy. One of the major factors to ensure necessary dynamics in transforming the domestic economy is the availability of free exchange of innovative technologies among subjects of various sectors in the economy provided by the conception of open innovations. Current models of innovation systems, with prevailing state financing of R&D, are not effective enough, which creates prerequisites for involving credit organizations into this area in order to intensify R&D, especially in the areas essential for practical activities. The authors propose developing and adapting the open innovation model in relation to the participation of credit institutions. The purpose of the study is to substantiate the role of credit institutions as an ecosystem actor in the open innovation model. The research methodologyis based on the analysis of theoretical and practical works on open innovation theory in order to apply lending secured by the results of intellectual activity. The major results of the studyare based on (i) considering the open innovation model to properly include credit institutionsas an ecosystem actor, (ii) proposing possible solutions regarding the cooperation of actors in innovation processes, and (iii) selecting innovative projects for possible secured lending which will accelerate the processes of innovative development. The obtained results can be used for further development of this area and in practice of the subjects of innovation activity

Проблемы правового регулирования права интеллектуальной собственности как товара

Introduction. The development of economic and social relations leads to a change in the role of the results of intellectual activity, which, in turn, requires new legal solutions to ensure the legal protection of intellectual property objects. There are many definitions of the concept in the scientific literature, but the unity in their understanding has not been achieved. There is no clear definition of the concept of “exclusive rights” in the regulatory framework; only the structure of exclusive rights is asserted. Taking into account the multidimensional definition of “copyright as a commodity”, it is quite possible and expedient from a scientific point of view to analyze certain ideas of this phenomenon, considering the legal regulation of protecting intellectual property as a commodity and protecting exclusive rights. Methods. In the study of the essence of copyright as a commodity, implying exclusive rights in its structure, the dialectical method was used, representing a complex interaction of theoretical deduction and empirical induction, the unity of analysis and synthesis, which made it possible to comprehensively study the content of the subject. Results. The legislative framework has made it possible to identify the ways to create items covered by copyright, to use protectable results of intellectual activity and means of individualization and to dispose of exclusive rights. The author has analyzed the inconsistency of the legal regulation of copyright as a commodity, which by virtue of the law is not absolute, since, in cases established by law, it can be conferred to several persons, and, therefore, does not belong to one person. Conclusions. The necessity of changing the civil legislation regulating exclusive rights is substantiated, since copyright has features that distinguish it from the right to ownership; it is necessary to consider it as an independent legal category belonging to a sub-branch of civil law.

Innovative Clusters of Global Trade Leadership

The formation of a new global system and systemic global interdependence has generated new competitiveness factors for market participants, determining their appropriate strategic behavior to ensure a highly competitive position and leadership. Therefore, the purpose of the study is to identify the countries of intellectual leaders in the global market and the factors that influence the positions that countries achieve in terms of leadership. The following research methods were used: multifactor regression models, cluster analysis, and comparative analysis. Based on the authors’ methodology for assessing countries’ intellectual leadership, the clustering of countries in the global economy is determined. The evaluation algorithm was based on three levels: 1) resources, 2) the intermediate results of intellectual activity, and 3) the final results of overall progress.
 Using a multifactor regression model and cluster analysis, four clusters of countries were identified according to key indicators of intellectual leadership. For each cluster, the specialization of the two countries in terms of merchandise exports was analyzed: cluster 1 – the United States and Germany; cluster 2 – Israel and Italy; cluster 3 – Brazil and Ukraine; cluster 4 – China and South Korea. Each country is assigned an index of economic complexity, and the change in position of each country within a cluster over ten years is noted.
 An important goal is to understand the determinants of the leadership of countries in each geographic region.
 The analysis is based on the cluster analysis carried out in previous publications. The clustering of countries was carried out based on the dynamics of macroeconomic indicators over the past 15 years.

Deposit of Intellectual Activity Results: Challenges and Opportunities of Open Access and Open Science for Ukraine

The aim of the article is to study the place of the process of depositing the intellectual activity results within the paradigm of open science; to summarize relevant international developments; to offer their use for the transformation of the deposit system in Ukraine.
 Research methods. The article uses a set of general scientific methods of generalization and analysis, synthesis and forecasting, as well as special library science methods, which made it possible to achieve the declared goal.
 Scientific novelty of obtained results lies in grounding the need in modification of policies and procedures for depositing intellectual property results, and the creation of necessary infrastructure, taking into consideration the concepts of open access and open science, as well as the corresponding international practice.
 Main conclusions. The open science paradigm implementation is a current world trend, which enables immediate and constant access to the results of scientific research and data. Many challenges are brought about by this tendency for both scientists and those ones in charge of publishing, storing, and preserving data, such as libraries. The transformation of the system of intellectual property results depositing in Ukraine should take into account the best international experience in the development of research infrastructure, and the creation of repositories of publications and data; ensuring their compatibility and interoperability; more active introduction of the culture of preprints and open review; the development of public license and copyright policies; the needs of relevant research and practices in the field of digital curatorship. Especially, all the highlighted above should be viewed in the aspect of the National Open Science Plan which was approved in Ukraine in October, 2022, the need for integration with the European Open Science Cloud, and the new version of the Law of Ukraine “On Copyright and Related Rights”, which has entered into force since January 1, 2023.

Tokenization of creativity: user motivation, consensual value and Chinese copyright law

The subjectof this study is the legal-economic analysis of the non-fungible token phenomenon. Due to the a priori accessibility of many tokenized intellectual products, the ability to monetize them by copyright methods turns out to be hard to implement. The paper puts forward a hypothesis that token owners apply innovative monetization methods, which do not stand on the prohibition and restriction of access to the protected results of intellectual activity. Instead of deactivated copyright restrictions, token buyers receive some new, additional, non-trivial economic utility that researchers have not reflected yet. If this utility exists, we should identify, analyze and include it in the equation of relations regarding NFT. The second hypothesis of the study stems from the first one. It states that the results of creative activity in the post-economic society take the place of a new etalon of value, which replaces the materialistic standard of worth based on rarity. The consensual value contained in tokenized works brings additional motivators for token purchasers and compensates for the lost sources of income.Our goal is to put and verify the scientific hypotheses of tokenized works' additional non-obvious value existence. We suppose that this innovative utility substitutes traditional copyright ban-based monetization abilities. The research's purpose is also to theoretically generalize its results and formulate a legal-economic concept that explains the motivation for the purchasers of non-fungible tokens and sets the regulations for the NFT market.Methodology.The study of the non-fungible token phenomenon and the verification of formulated hypotheses conducts from the standpoint of the law, economics, an interdisci-plinary legal-economic – institutional point of view, as well as with the help of the monistic copyright doctrine of the People's Republic of China. The research methodology also includes an analysis of the relevant body of knowledge and various points of view of the scientists on the subject of research.The study's main resultis the novel elaborated concept of the non-fungible token owner's moral right. This concept fills the rising doctrine of utilitarian digital rights with legal-economic essence. We constructed the non-fungible token owner's moral right consisting of two powers: the right to designate one's name as the owner of a token for a specific creative product and to demand such an indication from others; and also, as a duty of NFT platforms to support the function of informing about the name or pseudonym of the token's owner.Analysis of the appropriate accumulated knowledge, development, and verification of formulated hypotheses on tokenized works' consensual value and additional economic utility, allowed us to achieve the goals of this study. We resolve the issue of token purchasers' motivation and legal-economic grounds for their rational behavior by formulating and substantiating the concept of non-fungible tokens' owner moral right.

Modern methods of searching in systems of archiving scientific works

In the conditions of digitization of the economic and educational sectors, artificial intelligence appears as one of the trending areas of technology development and penetrates into the lives of both specialists of various fields and scientists. Artificial intelligence, being a component of the development of modern society, is gaining momentum in its use in the context of solving industrial and educational problems through its integration into key digitization technologies. Every day dozens of new tools based on artificial intelligence are created that automate processes for various needs. One of the central challenges for artificial intelligence IT solutions is the task of "understanding" text, or rather, extracting meaning from text written in natural language. Practical solutions of smart language technologies aimed at analyzing the content of the text and can be used to solve local problems when building an information system for depositing the results of intellectual activity are ultimately reduced to this task. In particular, artificial intelligence technologies can be used for: automated determination of the scientific direction to which the content of the scientific document submitted for deposit belongs; further classification of scientific work; formation of a set of metadata; development of the search module of the system. The article is devoted to the study of various methods of searching and analyzing information in a document, based on artificial intelligence, and analyzing the functional capabilities of ready-made software solutions that can be useful in building an information system for depositing the results of intellectual activity.

Evaluation of the implementation of the state program of the Russian Federation "Development of the nuclear power industry" in order to ensure the economic security of the country

The subject of the study is to study the effectiveness and efficiency of measures for the development of the nuclear energy industrial complex, taken during the implementation of the relevant state program. Data from nuclear energy, investments and innovative projects are analyzed, taking into account compliance with the strategic goals of economic security. These measures are designed to ensure the stability of the Russian economic system and minimize potential risks. An important component of the study is also the analysis of the compliance of these measures with the general state strategic goals of ensuring economic security. The study is based on an analysis of data on the current state of the Russian nuclear energy sector, investment and innovation projects implemented within the framework of the program under consideration, as well as an assessment of their impact on the economic situation of the country. The research methodology includes a comprehensive analysis of the current state of the nuclear energy industrial complex, as well as a study of investment and innovation projects implemented within the framework of the program. The assessment of the implementation of the state program of the Russian Federation "Development of the nuclear energy-industrial complex" allows us to say that the analysis of program implementation indicators shows positive dynamics and achievement of the set goals. High performance indicators, such as a high degree of readiness of power units, an increase in electricity generation, an increase in the number of results of intellectual activity and the creation of new jobs, indicate the successful implementation of the program. The results of the study will be useful for developing further strategies and adjusting program measures aimed at increasing the stability of the economic system and minimizing risks, taking into account national strategic goals.

К вопросу о проблемах правового регулирования оборота прав на результаты интеллектуальной деятельности

The transferability of the results of intellectual property rights makes it possible to benefit both from the use or sale of the results of intellectual activity themselves, and from the disposal of rights to them. The article deals with the exclusive right, personal non-property and other rights in terms of negotiability. Particular attention is focused on the exclusive right, as a right that is fully negotiable and has a proprietary nature by virtue of a direct indication in the law.

Legal Characteristics of the Quality of Patents in the Sphere of Information Technologies: Statement of the Problem

Patents are an important element of economic growth that promotes innovation through the creation of new scientific and technological knowledge. The impact of patents on stimulating innovation and economic growth is undeniable. At the same time, the role of protecting the results of intellectual activity is emphasized in order to increase competitiveness and increase applications. As a result, the number of patents for applying new technologies and attracting new participants within the system (i.e. high-tech entities, research institutions, start-ups and networks) has grown exponentially, jeopardizing the future functioning of the patent system. Patents are still increasingly used by business entities and government research organizations to protect new inventions, IT solutions, technologies that generate new waves of innovation and contribute to changing the current national civil legislation of the Russian Federation.

MODERN ASPECTS OF IDENTIFICATION OF COUNTERFEIT PRODUCTS

The article discusses the problems and modern aspects of identification of counterfeit products, as well as the problems arising in the course of combating counterfeit goods. It is stated that if the manufacture, distribution or other use, as well as import, transportation or storage of material media containing the result of intellectual activity or means of individualization lead to infringement of the exclusive right to such result or means, such material media are considered counterfeit. The author shows that importation and distribution of counterfeit products are primarily associated with falsification of quantitative and qualitative indicators of goods in order to understate the customs value of goods, which significantly affects the calculation of customs duties. At the same time, up to 80% of goods in circulation in the domestic market are related to copyright or patent infringement, and in certain groups of goods in circulation, 30 to 50% are actually counterfeit or falsified. The author analyzes the damage caused by counterfeit products to the country’s economy and business. It is noted that an integrated approach is needed to combat counterfeit products, detect and prevent their import and export, and the following measures are worthy of attention: improvement of interaction between customs authorities and right holders; improvement of the regulatory framework in the field of intellectual property protection; raising the legal culture of citizens in the field of intellectual property; introduction of new technical means of control and information transfer; improvement of the procedure for declaration and commodity expertise. It is stated that the main aspects of modern identification of counterfeit products are: determination of the homogeneity of the presented sample of goods to the registered goods (specified in the certificate). The goods compared in the course of examination may be recognized as heterogeneous, homogeneous, identical, close to identity; determination of identity or similarity of goods, including possible mixing (degree of mixing) of multi-component products.

Методы коммерциализации результатов интеллектуальной деятельности в ИТ-сфере

Intellectual activity is one of the key elements in the development of information technologies. The results of intellectual activity (RID) in the IT field, such as programs, applications, algorithms, databases, are a valuable asset for companies and individual entrepreneurs. To obtain an economic effect, it is necessary to use legal protection and methods of their commercialization. This article discusses the most common methods of commercialization of the results of intellectual activity in the IT sphere.

The Main Directions of the Russian Federation State Policy in the Field of Intellectual Property

Introduction . The growth of social engagement in innovation activity reflects the global trend for developing cooperation in the field of commercialisation of the Intellectual Activity Results (hereinafter — IAR) and their throughout dissemination. The balanced regulation of the intellectual products protection and dissemination implies the interference from behalf of the state, including establishment of the system of governing bodies managing the national innovation- driven economy. The purpose of this study is to identify the main directions of the state policy ensuring the Russian economy competitiveness and growth of the gross domestic product, national security, technological sovereignty in the areas important for the state and society. Materials and Methods . The object of the study is the Russian Federation state policy in the field of intellectual property. In the research the methods of sociological case-study, analysis, synthesis and modeling, as well as statistical, system- structural, logical, historical methods have been used. Results . The author highlights and characterises five main directions of the Russian Federation state policy in the field of intellectual property. In the article the conclusions are made about the mission of the state to stimulate social engagement by removing the excessive legislative barriers and simplifying the administrative procedures for IAR registration and licensing, by opening access to the intellectual products that are not in commercial demand or do not have a copyright holder, by creating the national information and communication platform of digital content. Only the state, being the main source of law in the 21st century, can provide the balanced approach to the harmonious coexistence and interaction of the material and digital economic environment. Discussion and Conclusions . Any disbalance in favour of either public interest in open access knowledge and information or prioritised protection of the creative subjects aggravates the conflict of interests, creates the condition of the legislative system uncertainty and obstructs the formation of beneficial conditions for reproduction of culture and technological progress. At the same time, the creative subjects are defined as subjects creating the new knowledge and technologies that represent the public interest to the intellectual property turnover as the most commercially valuable information. As follows from the above, the principle of reasonable balance between the legitimate interests and fair use of IAR by copyright holders, users and consumers, expressed in the adequate legal form, should be recognised as the fundamental principle of the state policy in the field of intellectual property.

The Problem of Legal Protection of Intellectual Property Objects Created Using Digital Technologies

The article deals with the key problems of protection of intellectual property and the results of intellectual activity in the context of the rapid development of digital technologies. The key factor influencing the development of intellectual property rights in modern conditions is the transparency of relations in the digital environment, the absence of actual borders within the global digital space, the mixing of various branches of knowledge, science and technology.The author believes that rethinking the role of robots in public life poses the task of a humane approach to the legal regulation of the use of AI. Objectively, there is a need to resolve the issue of introducing responsibility for the action of AI, its legal justification and consolidation. The author also believes that the legal personality of AI will be built by analogy with the legal personality of legal entities, currently it is sufficient to amend the Civil Code of the Russian Federation. This, at the current stage of the application of artificial intelligence, will allow us to determine the basic principles and legal regulation of this sphere.

Киберспорт vs компьютерный спорт: к вопросу о понятийном аппарате

The article discusses the features of esports and the differentiation of the specified concept is carried out with the term “computer sport”. The authors conclude than the term “computer sport” is the category of public law and doesn’t feature the use of such a result of intellectual activity as videogame during the esport competitions. The article indicates that esport differs from computer sport because of the format of competition not the equipment, i.e. that the competitions are conducted in the virtual space. The authors justify that not any game may be the basis of esport, but only the online multiplayer game because it meets the criteria as common playing field. The authors substantiate the complex nature of the relations that make up esports, which have independent legal regulation. These relations are at the junction of public and civil law: the norms of public (sport) law regulates the order of the competition and the legal status of the sportsmen; the norms of civil law establishes the features of videogame use as the object of intellectual property.

Classification of types of documents containing the results of intellectual and creative activity

The development of information and communication technologies encourages the improvement of processes, methods and tools for archiving and depositing the results of intellectual activity. In order to deposit the results of intellectual activity, it is important to have the appropriate infrastructure, technologies and classification that will ensure proper preservation, quick access and retrieval. In the proposed study, an analysis of the most common results of intellectual activity was carried out, and it was proposed to classify them according to four types of documents: scientific, technical, educational and artistic. Scientific documents can be classified by topic, discipline, type of research, type of publication, industry, and other criteria. The classification of objects for depositing educational documents can be carried out according to the level of education and depends on their purpose and storage terms. The classification of objects of deposit of artistic documents can be carried out depending on their purpose. The classification of the objects of deposit according to the proposed types of documents makes it possible to ensure reliable storage, access and simplifies the search in electronic scientific and information systems of various objects deposited in the fields of education, science, culture, etc.

Study of development trends of the internet advertising market in Ukraine and tools for attracting clients on it

The aim of the article. The purpose of the article is intellectual information systems introduction analysis and systematization, as well as the proposals development in the context of their effective use as a priority to ensure the innovative development of Ukrainian industrial enterprises. Analysis results. The article examines the problems and prospects of intellectual information systems introduction to increase the industrial enterprise efficiency. The study actuality of industrial enterprises sustainable development factors and trends is due to the need to develop the theory of industrial enterprises stability managing by improving the management of their digital transformation in the Ukrainian digital economy development conditions. It is emphasized that the key factor of success in the digital economy is not technology, but new models of technology and data management, which enable prompt response and modeling of future challenges and problems for states, business and civil society. It is noted that in modern conditions, for the effective operation of industrial enterprises, full-fledged information support is necessary at all stages of management decisions designing and formation. The expediency of creating a single information space at enterprises is substantiated, with the help of which all automated enterprise management systems can exchange information quickly and in a timely manner. The introduction and use of digital production processes modeling and design technologies throughout the entire products life cycle contribute to the enterprise and optimal management efficiency. Digital technologies make it possible to conduct analytical research, monitor any changes in the external environment, and respond to market needs in a timely and flexible manner. Due to digital technologies, a high level of labor productivity is ensured, as well as opportunities for integration of project participants and remote collaboration are provided. Business entities receive qualitative control over the production cycle and promotion of products to the market. The industrial enterprise management methodology as a dynamic system based on the intellectual information systems introduction is improved in order to increase the efficiency of their activities. The author's definition of the category "digital industrial production" is given. Intellectual activity results selection and market promotion processes embodied in new technologies are structured. An information system for new elaborations promotion managing was worked out based on the development of digital transformation in enterprise management and industrial enterprises technological processes. The author's proposed developments and recommendations can be used in the context of the industrial enterprise management efficiency augmentation in order to increase the economic added value by promoting to the market the results of intellectual activity embodied in new technologies. Conclusions and directions for further research. The transition of industry to intellectual information systems will contribute to the production of higher quality products, will lead to the creation of more flexible systems, the participants of which will exchange information through the Internet, that will significantly increase labor efficiency and reduce costs in production processes. Information support is an indispensable component of any research and development. The success of their commercialization is largely determined by the reliability and quality of information available to project participants, potential partners for market promotion and development implementation, and investors, both in Ukraine and abroad. An advantage for business in the digital economy is the prompt receipt of actual, reliable information directly from the original source. At the same time, the digital production introduction leads to increased requirements for personnel and the innovative products release. In the context of creating a favorable institutional environment for increasing the domestic industry digitalization transformative potential, it is necessary to: improve tax legislation for electronic goods trade; develop a plan of measures for the property rights institute development in Ukraine, taking into account state goals for the development of the information and communication technologies sector and current international agreements; form a sensible security policy. The direction of further research, based on the priorities of industrial enterprises technological innovation, is the use of interfaces between various information systems for the enterprise activities organization with the most effective internal reserves use

The application of intellectual information systems in the context of industrial enterprises management

The aim of the article. The purpose of the article is intellectual information systems introduction analysis and systematization, as well as the proposals development in the context of their effective use as a priority to ensure the innovative development of Ukrainian industrial enterprises. Analysis results. The article examines the problems and prospects of intellectual information systems introduction to increase the industrial enterprise efficiency. The study actuality of industrial enterprises sustainable development factors and trends is due to the need to develop the theory of industrial enterprises stability managing by improving the management of their digital transformation in the Ukrainian digital economy development conditions. It is emphasized that the key factor of success in the digital economy is not technology, but new models of technology and data management, which enable prompt response and modeling of future challenges and problems for states, business and civil society. It is noted that in modern conditions, for the effective operation of industrial enterprises, full-fledged information support is necessary at all stages of management decisions designing and formation. The expediency of creating a single information space at enterprises is substantiated, with the help of which all automated enterprise management systems can exchange information quickly and in a timely manner. The introduction and use of digital production processes modeling and design technologies throughout the entire products life cycle contribute to the enterprise and optimal management efficiency. Digital technologies make it possible to conduct analytical research, monitor any changes in the external environment, and respond to market needs in a timely and flexible manner. Due to digital technologies, a high level of labor productivity is ensured, as well as opportunities for integration of project participants and remote collaboration are provided. Business entities receive qualitative control over the production cycle and promotion of products to the market. The industrial enterprise management methodology as a dynamic system based on the intellectual information systems introduction is improved in order to increase the efficiency of their activities. The author's definition of the category "digital industrial production" is given. Intellectual activity results selection and market promotion processes embodied in new technologies are structured. An information system for new elaborations promotion managing was worked out based on the development of digital transformation in enterprise management and industrial enterprises technological processes. The author's proposed developments and recommendations can be used in the context of the industrial enterprise management efficiency augmentation in order to increase the economic added value by promoting to the market the results of intellectual activity embodied in new technologies. Conclusions and directions for further research. The transition of industry to intellectual information systems will contribute to the production of higher quality products, will lead to the creation of more flexible systems, the participants of which will exchange information through the Internet, that will significantly increase labor efficiency and reduce costs in production processes. Information support is an indispensable component of any research and development. The success of their commercialization is largely determined by the reliability and quality of information available to project participants, potential partners for market promotion and development implementation, and investors, both in Ukraine and abroad. An advantage for business in the digital economy is the prompt receipt of actual, reliable information directly from the original source. At the same time, the digital production introduction leads to increased requirements for personnel and the innovative products release. In the context of creating a favorable institutional environment for increasing the domestic industry digitalization transformative potential, it is necessary to: improve tax legislation for electronic goods trade; develop a plan of measures for the property rights institute development in Ukraine, taking into account state goals for the development of the information and communication technologies sector and current international agreements; form a sensible security policy. The direction of further research, based on the priorities of industrial enterprises technological innovation, is the use of interfaces between various information systems for the enterprise activities organization with the most effective internal reserves use.

Private-law definition of the concept and legal nature of human genetic information

The article explores the private law regime of human genetic information. To achieve the objective, an analysis of bibliographic sources in the field of genetic and genomic research, legal support for the circulation of genetic information and its legal protection was carried out. The document also analyses the provisions of the legislation and practice of the United States and the Member States of the European Union. General and specific methods of scientific knowledge, including dialectical methods, formal logic and comparative law, were used to solve the problems raised. The article clarifies the doctrinal and legal definitions of the concepts of “genome” and “gene” of an individual. It points out the dual nature of the human gene as a material object: a DNA molecule, and also as a unit of hereditary information that is intangible in nature. The article explores the possibility of attributing genetic information to objects of civil rights, in particular material objects, intangible movable property and the results of intellectual activity. The conclusions support the need to distinguish between the concepts of genetic information and genomics. In addition, it reviews theoretical approaches to define the concept and nature of genetic information.

O‘ZBEKISTON RESPUBLIKASIDA STARTAPLAR FAOLIYATINI HUQUQIY TARTIBGA SOLISHNI TAKOMILLASHTIRISHNING ASOSIY YO‘NALISHLARI

In practice, innovations are recognized as the main driving force of economic growth and are an important factor capable of solving various problems, and creating conditions for sustainable development. In this article, the main directions for improving the legal regulation of startups in our country are listed and they are analyzed based on the experience of foreign countries. In particular, the article mentions the need to improve the regulatory framework in such areas as determining the position of startups in the implementation of innovation policy, further optimizing the legal protection of the results of intellectual activity, improving the institution of pre-contractual negotiations in startup activities and improving the system of state support for startups. The article provides scientific and legal justification for such issues as determining the status of startups by a separate law, improving the norms of legislation regarding the distribution of the right to the results of a state-funded startup between the state and the owner of the project, as well as the development of pre-contractual agreements between a venture investor and a startup, as well as granting startups various government benefits.

Convertible loan as a mechanism for startup development

The development of digital technologies, electronic interaction in small innovative enterprises has led to the emergence of new contractual typologies based on economic efficiency that meet the needs of business and professional entities through not only the exchange of information, but also a special financing procedure. The mechanism of «convertible loan» is the tool that allows startups at the initial stage of their activities to provide it in the future. This allows not only to technologically increase the role of the results of intellectual activity, developed and introduced into production, but, in general, the technical potential of the country.