Restrictive Limits Research Articles

385P Efficacy and safety of pyrotinib in untreated, advanced non-small cell lung cancer with HER2 mutations: A parallel, multi-center, multi-cohort patient-centric study (CTONG1702 and 1705)

Large-scale screening was needed to identify rare genetic mutations. However, overly restrictive inclusion and exclusion criteria limit patients for trial participation. Here, we reported a patient-centric study with parallel, multi-center, multi-cohort for the enrollment of untreated, advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with HER2 mutations.

Investigation of Building Materials' Radioactivity in a Historical Building-A Case Study.

The paper investigates a possible hazard originating from natural radionuclides in building materials in a selected historical building being reconstructed for housing. Both outdoor and indoor risks were evaluated through the radiological indices and estimated doses, based on measured activities of natural radionuclides in stone and brick materials of the building. The average measured activity concentrations of radionuclides were 7.32 Bq/kg for 226Ra, 40.05 Bq/kg for 232Th, and 546.64 Bq/kg for 40K radionuclides. The average total activity concentration in building materials (594.0 Bq/kg) exceeded the world average value. A correlation was found between the potassium content in the building material samples and the total activity of radionuclides. The gamma indices, Iγ, calculated for the samples, ranged in an interval of 0.26–0.60, not exceeding the restricted limit for bulk materials Iγ = 1. The average annual effective dose due to building materials was 0.53 mSv/y, which does not exceed the limit (1 mSv/y), however, it contributes to a gamma dose excess that is higher than recommended (0.3 mSv/y at the most). The bricks were responsible for a higher level of natural radiation than natural stone material. Nevertheless, based on the radiation protection requirements, it can be concluded that the building can be used for residential purposes after the reconstruction, as no significant human health impact is expected due to the radioactivity of building materials.

A Product Review Writing Recommender System based on LDA and TF-IDF

Twitter is a micro-blogging platform where people broadcast their views and opinions to fellow users in crisp messages called Tweets. However, the platform's format of restricted character limit makes it challenging for many users to express their views exhaustively. The paper proposes a recommender system to help in writing effective product review Tweets within the restricted character limit of Twitter. The approach is divided into two phases where, the first phase uses the Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) algorithm to find pivotal features from the training corpus and suggests them to the users while writing new Tweets. In the second phase, the approach suggests the most appropriate opinion words to describe the respective features by using an approach based on the occurrence frequency of opinion words and TF-IDF. The evaluation results show significant improvement in the quality of product review Tweets. The percentage of good reviews corresponding to a parameter such as correct usage of feature words is found to be 17.85% higher, whereas an improvement of 23.22% is reported with regard to the correct use of opinion words using the generated recommendations.

Конституционно-правовая регламентация пределов реализации, степени допустимых ограничений основных экономических прав личности

Introduction. Many scientific works are devoted to theoretical and practical aspects of the restriction of human rights and freedoms. However, issues of the admissibility and proportionality of restrictions on the economic rights of a person and a citizen are the subject of scientific controversy, which predetermines the expediency of addressing the topic of this study. Theoretical analysis. The author made an attempt to theoretically comprehend the concept of “restriction of the right”, presenting a scheme for dividing human and civil rights and freedoms, regulated by the Constitution of the Russian Federation, into groups according to the degree of permissible restrictions, based on an analysis of the works of domestic and foreign authors. Empirical analysis. The author highlights that “obligations” and “prohibitions” remain the main methods of legal influence in regulating implementation of economic rights, often with the imposition of liability disproportionate to the committed act, which is also confirmed by the conclusions of the Commissioner for Human Rights in the Russian Federation and the Presidential Commissioner of the Russian Federation for the Protection of Entrepreneurs' Rights, the practice of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation. Results. It is proposed to consider restrictions on constitutional economic rights and freedoms as a change in the scope of their powers by interfering with the basic economic right by establishing obligations, prohibitions, and liability within the framework of: general limits for the exercise of rights and freedoms (reservations immanent in the constitution); reservations immanent in specific fundamental rights, simple reservations qualified in the relevant articles of the Constitution; immanent limits of restrictions on specific economic rights of the individual by the state. There is a growing need for a clearer regulation of the processes of institutionalization of assessment of the regulatory impact of regulations in the field of implementation of economic rights, constitutionalization of these relations.

Post-publication critique at top-ranked journals across scientific disciplines: a cross-sectional assessment of policies and practice.

Journals exert considerable control over letters, commentaries and online comments that criticize prior research (post-publication critique). We assessed policies (Study One) and practice (Study Two) related to post-publication critique at 15 top-ranked journals in each of 22 scientific disciplines (N = 330 journals). Two-hundred and seven (63%) journals accepted post-publication critique and often imposed limits on length (median 1000, interquartile range (IQR) 500–1200 words) and time-to-submit (median 12, IQR 4–26 weeks). The most restrictive limits were 175 words and two weeks; some policies imposed no limits. Of 2066 randomly sampled research articles published in 2018 by journals accepting post-publication critique, 39 (1.9%, 95% confidence interval [1.4, 2.6]) were linked to at least one post-publication critique (there were 58 post-publication critiques in total). Of the 58 post-publication critiques, 44 received an author reply, of which 41 asserted that original conclusions were unchanged. Clinical Medicine had the most active culture of post-publication critique: all journals accepted post-publication critique and published the most post-publication critique overall, but also imposed the strictest limits on length (median 400, IQR 400–550 words) and time-to-submit (median 4, IQR 4–6 weeks). Our findings suggest that top-ranked academic journals often pose serious barriers to the cultivation, documentation and dissemination of post-publication critique.

Modeling and optimization of natural gas distribution networks for new supplier projects

• NG distribution networks involving suppliers with unspecified streams. • Cost minimization and specification assurance for the consumer market. • Real case study involving all the alternatives for receiving NG for distribution. • Feasibility and flexibility of applying the model in different configurations. • Reduction in the total cost of distribution of 22.65%. The opening of the market and the possibility of the participation of several suppliers in Natural Gas (NG) distribution networks has raised the level of complexity associated with the quality control of the final stream to be made available to the consumer market. There are suppliers that offer lower prices but supply a lower quality of fuel which can contribute to an out-of-spec final stream (after mixing the different suppliers). On the other hand, it is not always economically viable to build Processing Units and acquire analytical equipment for gas quality control. In general, simulations in natural gas distribution networks focus on the evaluation of physical criteria and energy balance. This work presents a dynamic optimization model, validated by real case studies, for the monitoring and quality control of a natural gas stream mixing process that involves several suppliers providing varying quality levels (including out of specification streams) and prices. The results show the feasibility of executing projects for new suppliers, as well as supplying natural gas to customers who use it as a raw material and who establish more restrictive specification limits than those established by the regulatory agency. Comparing with the conventional operating strategy, the results obtained by the proposed optimization model show a reduction in the cost of distribution equal to 13.5% and 22.6% in the two case studies analyzed, respectively.

The effect of daily price limits on stock liquidity: Evidence from the Chinese stock market

AbstractThis study uses a group of specially treated stocks to examine the effect of daily price limits in the Chinese stock market. We show that lower price limits significantly reduce liquidity and widen spreads. These results remain consistent when using difference‐in‐differences regressions with propensity score matching and after conducting regression discontinuity analyses. The findings are more prominent for firms experiencing lower‐limit hits, with higher disclosure quality and lower probability of informed trading before the limit changes. These findings suggest that restrictive price limits cause unexpected behaviour of informed traders, enhance information asymmetry, reduce stock liquidity, and hinder price discovery process.

On Fast Jerk-Continuous Motion Functions with Higher-Order Kinematic Restrictions for Online Trajectory Generation

In robotics and automated manufacturing, motion functions for parts of machines need to be designed. Many proposals for the shape of such functions can be found in the literature. Very often, time efficiency is a major criterion for evaluating the suitability for a given task. If there are higher precision requirements, the reduction in vibration also plays a major role. In this case, motion functions should have a continuous jerk function but still be as fast as possible within the limits of kinematic restrictions. The currently available motion designs all include assumptions that facilitate the computation but are unnecessary and lead to slower functions. In this contribution, we drop these assumptions and provide an algorithm for computing a jerk-continuous fifteen segment profile with arbitrary initial and final velocities where given kinematic restrictions are met. We proceed by going systematically through the design space using the concept of a varying intermediate velocity and identify critical velocities and jerks where one has to switch models. The systematic approach guarantees that all possible situations are covered. We implemented and validated the model using a huge number of random configurations in Matlab, and we show that the algorithm is fast enough for online trajectory generation. Examples illustrate the improvement in time efficiency compared to existing approaches for a wide range of configurations where the maximum velocity is not held over a period of time. We conclude that faster motion functions are possible at the price of an increase in complexity, yet which is still manageable.

Pulmonary manifestations in long COVID

HintergrundPulmonale Manifestationen sind sehr häufige Folgeerscheinungen nach einer Severe-acute-respiratory-syndrome-coronavirus-type-2(SARS-CoV-2)-Infektion, die unter dem Begriff Long-COVID-Syndrom (COVID „coronavirus disease“) zusammengefasst werden.Ziel und MethodenZusammenfassung der aktuellen Literatur zu den pulmonalen Manifestationen mit einem Fokus auf Expertenempfehlungen.ErgebnisseDyspnoe ist nach der chronischen Fatigue das häufigste Symptom bei Patienten mit Long-COVID-Syndrom. Auffällige Befunde finden sich vor allem nach schwerem akutem COVID-19-Verlauf und beinhalten radiologische Veränderungen im Sinne interstitieller Lungenerkrankungen, restriktive lungenfunktionelle Befunde und Einschränkungen der Diffusionskapazität als häufigsten pathologischen Befund. Obwohl sich sowohl Beschwerden als auch pathologische pulmonale Befunde im Verlauf bessern, können einige Patienten noch Monate nach der akuten Infektion unter Auffälligkeiten leiden. Dabei ist die Relevanz der pathologischen Befunde sowie eine Beteiligung funktioneller respiratorischer Einschränkungen, einer kardiopulmonalen Dekonditionierung, nichtsomatischer Ursachen und vorbestehender Erkrankungen aktuell unklar. Die diagnostische Abklärung fokussiert entsprechend auf Risikopatienten und schließt neben einer bildgebenden und lungenfunktionellen Abklärung eine Belastungsuntersuchung und bei unklaren Befunden eine Echokardiographie zur Diagnose einer pulmonalvaskulären Komponente ein. Die therapeutischen Möglichkeiten beinhalten aktuell die leitliniengerechte Therapie von Ursachen der Beschwerden (beispielsweise interstitielle Lungenerkrankungen, Husten) und Rehabilitationsmaßnahmen.SchlussfolgerungDas aktuelle Wissen zum Krankheitsbild wird ständig erweitert, allerdings existieren aufgrund mangelnder Studienlage noch keine evidenzbasierten Leitlinien zur Diagnostik und Therapie pulmonaler Manifestationen beim Long-COVID-Syndrom.

Trends in Percentages of the US Population Covered by State-Issued COVID-19 Nonpharmaceutical Interventions, March 1, 2020-August 15, 2021.

Trends in the percentages of the US population covered by state-issued nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs), including restaurant and bar restrictions, stay-at-home orders, gathering limits, and mask mandates, were examined by using county-specific data sets on state-issued orders for NPIs from March 1, 2020, to August 15, 2021. Most of the population was covered by multiple NPIs early in the pandemic. Most state-issued orders were lifted or relaxed as COVID-19 cases decreased during summer 2020. Few states reimplemented strict NPIs during later surges in US COVID-19 cases over the winter of 2020-2021. The exceptions were mask mandates, which covered about 80% of the population between August 2020 and February 2021, and the most restrictive gathering limits, which covered a maximum of 66% of the population in early 2020 and 68% of the population in winter 2020-2021. Most NPIs were lifted by the end of the analysis period.

Uncertainty in post-anaesthesia nursing clinical reasoning: An integrative review in the light of the model of uncertainty in complex health care settings

Problem identification: Post-anaesthesia nursing plays an important role in the early detection and treatment of clinical deterioration after surgery and/or anaesthesia. Concomitantly, the effectiveness of post-operative care is highly dependent on the accurate analysis, synthesis of patient data and quality of diagnostic decisions through clinical reasoning. Given the dynamic processes required to come to a diagnosis, uncertainty is common in clinical reasoning and expected during practice. Nevertheless, uncertainty may permeate the foundations of clinical reasoning, which can jeopardise diagnostic accuracy and consequently the quality and safety of health care. Literature search: The objectives of this review are to identify available evidence related to uncertainty in post-anaesthesia nursing clinical reasoning and to analyse the results from the perspective of the Model of Uncertainty in Complex Healthcare Settings (MUCH-S). A comprehensive search strategy using CINAHL (EBSCO), Cochrane Library (EBSCO), Medline (PubMed), ProQuest and Google Scholar databases was used to find published and unpublished relevant studies. Studies published in English and Portuguese were included. There was no temporal restriction, nor geographical or cultural limitation for the studies included. Data evaluation synthesis: All papers were reviewed by the authors to extract key information about purpose, sample and setting, research design and method, key findings and limitations. The literature search identified a total of 248 studies, 22 of which were retrieved for full reading. A total of four articles were included in this review. Implications for practice: Three main themes were identified: nurses’ intuition to reason, feelings of uncertainty related to lack of nursing knowledge and clinical (in)experience to deal with uncertainty. These findings are encompassed within the MUCH-S taxonomy: personal, scientific and practical. This review offers post-anaesthesia nurses’ greater levels of understanding of this phenomenon and may support more informed and reflexive clinical reasoning.

Scaffolding Parenting and Health Development for Preterm Flourishing Across the Life Course.

Advances in obstetrics and neonatal medicine have resulted in improved survival rates for preterm infants. Remarkably, >75% extremely (<28 weeks) preterm infants who leave the NICU do not experience major neurodevelopmental disabilities, although >50% experience more minor challenges in communication, perception, cognition, attention, regulatory, and executive function that can adversely impact educational and social function resulting in physical, behavioral, and social health issues in adulthood. Even late premature (32-36 weeks) infants have more neurodevelopmental challenges than term infants. Although early intervention and educational programs can mitigate risks of prematurity for children's developmental trajectories, restrictive eligibility requirement and limitations on frequency and intensity mean that many premature infants must "fail first" to trigger services. Social challenges, including lack of family resources, unsafe neighborhoods, structural racism, and parental substance use, may compound biological vulnerabilities, yet existing services are ill-equipped to respond. An intervention system for premature infants designed according to Life Course Health Development principles would instead focus on health optimization from the start; support emerging developmental capabilities such as self-regulation and formation of reciprocal secure early relationships; be tailored to each child's unique neurodevelopmental profile and social circumstances; and be vertically, horizontally, and longitudinally integrated across levels (individual, family, community), domains (health, education), and time. Recognizing the increased demands placed on parents, it would include parental mental health supports and provision of trauma-informed care. This developmental scaffolding would incorporate parenting, health, and developmental interventions, with the aim of improved health trajectories across the whole of the life course.

Optimization method for spatial route adjustment of multi-bends pipes considering assembly demands

PurposeThis paper aims to propose an optimization method to automatically adjust the spatial route of multibend pipes to meet the assembly demands in constrained space.Design/methodology/approachThe compact geometric parameters that uniquely determine the pipe route are analyzed. Besides, the relationship between these parameters and the end pose is revealed based on the exponential product formula. Mathematical representations for the engineering constraints, including the end pose restriction, collision interference, manufacture ability and geometric limitations, are further established. On this basis, the adjustment of the spatial route is formulated as a multiconstraint optimization problem. A modified particle swarm optimization method based on the combination of gradient projection and swarm intelligence is designed to find the near-optimal pipe that meets the required assembly demands.FindingsThe experimental results show that the proposed method can effectively find the feasible pipe route that satisfies the engineering constraints and the end pose requirement is highly guaranteed.Originality/valueThe proposed method can automate the geometric adjustment of multi-bend pipes to meet the actual assembly demands, which significantly reduces manual efforts and guarantees high accuracy. The results demonstrate the possibility of further applications in the pipe assembly or design process, especially in ships, aerospace products or pressure vessels.

Proportionality of Restrictions on Rights and Freedoms as a Condition for the Constitutionality of Punishment

Problem statement. Criminal punishment is traditionally one of the most important means of legal influence on a person who has committed a crime that involves the application of significant restrictions on their rights and freedoms. This circumstance makes it necessary to constantly monitor the system of punishments and the rules for their application for compliance with the constitutional standards for regulating criminal law relations. Meanwhile, this problem, and in particular, the problem of circumscribing the proportionality of legal restrictions in criminal law to the grounds for their application, is clearly given insufficient attention in Russian science. Goals and objectives of the study. At the moment, a comprehensive analysis of the legal positions of the constitutional Court of the Russian Federation and the European court of human rights in terms of determining the grounds and limits of criminal law restrictions on human rights, and a comparison of the developed humanitarian rules for the practice of designing and applying the system of punishments in criminal legislation is necessary. Methods. The paper uses traditional methods of legal research-generalization and analysis of judicial practice, dogmatic analysis of criminal law norms, humanitarian and constitutional expertise of criminal law norms. Results, brief conclusions. According to the constitutional standards of criminal law regulation, the state has the right to determine the types and content of criminal penalties relatively arbitrarily, as well as to set their size in the sanctions of certain criminal law norms. In this regard, the legislator has broad discretion. Meanwhile, strict conditions for the constitutional legitimacy of punishments include: prohibition of cruel, inhuman and degrading punishments; restriction of punitive influence on the person who committed the crime, exclusively within the framework of criminal liability; differentiation of criminal punishment and rules of its appointment; proportionality of the established and appointed punishment to the grounds for applying criminal liability measures and its ability to ensure the achievement of the goals of criminal law impact.

Impacts of social distancing measures on global supply chain configuration

World Health Organisation has advised governments to prevent the spread of COVID-19 by introducing stringent social distancing measures (SDMs) in five levels, ranging from pandemic surveillance, stay-at-home recommendations, workplace closures, to national and international travel restrictions. These measures inevitably disrupt global business environment and supply chain configuration. Existing literature does not comprehensively analyze the five-level SDMs’ impacts on firms and supply chains. Thus, we established a mixed-integer programming model to integrate environment changes in lead time and cost for transportation and processing, market size, and the number of countries (NoC) imposing the SDMs. Sensitivity analysis is conducted to evaluate propagation impacts on global supply chains when the SDMs are imposed on firms in different echelons of supply chains. Results show that (i) supply chain losses and disruptions primarily depend on the NoC, followed by restricted transportation, market size, and processing limitations. (ii) When the SDMs, especially restrictions on transportation, are implemented in downstream echelons, the propagation impacts on supply chains and firms become more significant. (iii) Compared with elastic-demand supply chains, the fixed-demand one, e.g. food supply chain, suffers more significantly with the stringent SDMs and high holding costs. Finally, managerial implications are discussed from supply chains, firms, and policymakers.

Search for B0 meson decays into Λ and missing energy with a hadronic tagging method at Belle

We present a search for the decays of $B^0$ mesons into a final state containing a $\Lambda$ baryon and missing energy. These results are obtained from a $711\text{fb}^{-1}$ data sample that contains $772 \times 10^6$ $B{\kern 0.18em}\overline{\kern -0.18em B}$ pairs and was collected near the $\Upsilon(4S)$ resonance with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy $e^+e^-$ collider. We use events in which one $B$ meson is fully reconstructed in a hadronic decay mode and require the remainder of the event to consist of only a single $\Lambda$. No evidence for these decays is found and we set $90\%$ confidence level upper limits on the branching fractions in the range $2.1$-$3.8\times 10^{-5}$. This measurement provides the world's most restrictive limits, with implications for baryogenesis and dark matter production.

Higher-order extension of Starobinsky inflation: Initial conditions, slow-roll regime, and reheating phase

The most current observational data corroborate the Starobinsky model as one of the strongest candidates in the description of an inflationary regime. Motivated by such success, extensions of the Starobinsky model have been increasingly recurrent in the literature. The theoretical justification for this is well grounded: higher-order gravities arise in high-energy physics in the search for the ultraviolet completeness of general relativity. In this paper, we propose to investigate the inflation due to the extension of the Starobinsky model characterized by the inclusion of the ${R}^{3}$ term. We make a complete analysis of the potential and phase space of the model, where we observe the existence of three regions with distinct dynamics for the scalar field. We can establish restrictive limits for the number of $e$-folds through a study of the reheating and by considering the usual couplings of the standard matter fields and gravity. Thereby, we duly confront our model with the observational data from Planck, BICEP3/Keck, and BAO. Finally, we discuss how the inclusion of the cubic term restricts the initial conditions necessary for the occurrence of a physical inflation.

Active Power Sharing in a Micro-Grid with Multiple Grid Connections

This paper presents a mechanism for active power sharing among multiple dispatchable and distributed generation units within a micro grid comprising one or multiple interconnections with the main grid. Ideally, a micro grid should act as a constant load or a constant voltage source when connected to the main grid. However, to achieve ideal operation, natural load variations and the intermittency of renewable energy sources within the microgrid need to be adequately and timely compensated for by dispatchable power sources. While several control algorithms have been reported in the literature to achieve ideal microgrid operation, the majority of the proposed methods assumed a micro grid with a single interconnection to the main grid. In the real world, micro grids may have to maintain multiple live links with the main grid for several technical and operational reasons such as reliability, power-dispatch restriction, and operational limitations requirements. Therefore, a new method of active power sharing is proposed in this paper, which is equally effective for micro grids with one or multiple grid connections. The robustness of the proposed method is examined under different microgrid operating conditions. The results reveal the flexibility of the proposed method to adapt under various real-world operating conditions.

Resource Allocation in Uplink NOMA-IoT Based UAV for URLLC Applications.

One of the main targets of future 5G cellular networks is enlarging the Internet of Things (IoT) devices’ connectivity while facing the challenging requirements of the available bandwidth, power and the restricted delay limits. Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have been recently used as aerial base stations (BSs) to empower the line of sight (LoS), throughput and coverage of wireless networks. Moreover, non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) has become a bright multiple access technology. In this paper, NOMA is combined with UAV for establishing a high-capacity IoT uplink multi-application network, where the resource allocation problem is formulated with the objective of maximizing the system throughput while minimizing the delay of IoT applications. Moreover, power allocation was investigated to achieve fairness between users. The results show the superiority of the proposed algorithm, which achieves 31.8% delay improvement, 99.7% reliability increase and 50.8% fairness enhancement when compared to the maximum channel quality indicator (max CQI) algorithm in addition to preserving the system sum rate, spectral efficiency and complexity. Consequently, the proposed algorithm can be efficiently used in ultra-reliable low-latency communication (URLLC).

Determining if T cell antigens are naturally processed and presented on HLA class I molecules

BackgroundDetermining T cell responses to naturally processed and presented antigens is a critical immune correlate to determine efficacy of an investigational immunotherapeutic in clinical trials. In most cases, minimal epitopes and HLA restriction elements are unknown.ResultsHere, we detail the experimental use of ex vivo expanded autologous B cells as antigen presenting cells to overcome the limitation of unknown HLA restriction, and the use of electroporated full length mRNA encoding full length parental proteins to ensure that any observed T cell responses are specific for antigens that are naturally processed and presented. ConclusionsThis technique can serve as useful experimental approach to determine the induction or enhancement of specific responses to naturally processed and presented antigens on HLA class I molecules in peripheral blood or tumor infiltrating T cells.