Firearm laws impact rates of injuries and crimes in U.S. states. Researchers, however, seldom examine the factors that influence state-level enactment of restrictive firearm law provisions (FLPs) over time. This study builds on economic threat and group threat scholarship, explaining variation in the number of restrictive FLPs in effect across U.S. states from 1992 to 2019. Analyzing annual state-level panel data using longitudinal negative binomial regression, results indicate that economic threat, group threat, political partisanship, and region are particularly relevant to explaining this phenomenon. I situate this study in the sociological discourse on state-level firearm legislation and provide suggestions for future research.