Restricted Activity Research Articles

Acid sphingomyelinase modulates anxiety-like behavior likely through toll-like receptor signaling pathway.

Recent studies have shown that abnormal activity of acid sphingomyelinase (Asm) has been associated with a range of psychiatric disorders including schizophrenia and depression. However, the role of Asm in the regulation of anxiety remains unclear. In the present study, we employed Asm-knockout (Asm KO) mice to investigate the association between Asm and anxiety using behavioral tests, RNA sequencing, q-PCR, immunohistochemical staining, and other methods. The behavioral results showed that Asm KO mice exhibit enhanced anxiety-like behaviors, such as restricted activity, reduced cumulative times in the central area, diminished exploratory interest, delayed latency to feed, through behavioral tests including open field, novelty-suppressed feeding test, elevated plus maze test, ect. Transcriptional profiling combined with bioinformatics analysis revealed the upregulation of Toll-like receptor signaling pathway related gene including Tlr1/2, Ccl3, Ccl4, Ccl5 and Cd86 in Asm KO mice, which was further confirmed by the detection of activated microglia and astrocytes through iba-1 and GFAP immunohistochemical staining. Collectively, our findings uncover a role for Asm in regulating anxiety-like behavior and suggest that it may be essential for the maintenance of emotional stability, indicating its potential as a promising target for treating anxiety disorders.

Local differences in network organization in auditory and parietal cortex, revealed with single neuron activation.

The basic structure of local circuits is highly conserved across the cortex, yet the spatial and temporal properties of population activity differ fundamentally in sensory-level and association-level areas. In sensory cortex, population activity has a shorter timescale and decays sharply over distance, supporting a population code for the fine-scale features of sensory stimuli. In association cortex, population activity has a longer timescale and spreads over wider distances, a code that is suited to holding information in memory and driving behavior. We tested whether these differences in activity dynamics could be explained by differences in network structure. We targeted photostimulations to single excitatory neurons of layer 2/3, while monitoring surrounding population activity using two-photon calcium imaging. Experiments were performed in auditory (AC) and posterior parietal cortex (PPC) within the same mice of both sexes, which also expressed a red fluorophore in somatostatin-expressing interneurons (SOM). In both cortical regions, photostimulations resulted in a spatially restricted zone of positive influence on neurons closely neighboring the targeted neuron, and a more spatially diffuse zone (akin to a network-level 'suppressive surround') of negative influence affecting more distant neurons. However, the relative spatial extents of positive and negative influence were different in AC and PPC. In PPC, the central zone of positive influence was wider, but the negative suppressive surround was more narrow than in AC, which could account for the larger-scale network dynamics in PPC. The more narrow central positive influence zone and wider suppressive surround in AC could serve to sharpen sensory representations.Significance Statement The basic structure of local circuits is highly conserved across the cortex, and yet local processing goals vary across the sensorimotor hierarchy, from sensory perception to the control of behavior. It has been unclear whether these differences in function require different network organization. To probe the spatial structure of networks in sensory and association-level cortex, we photostimulated single excitatory neurons and measured the effect on local population activity in mice. Stimulations triggered a centered, positive activity change in neighboring neurons, and a surrounding, suppressive change in more distant neurons. The relative sizes of the center and surround differed across areas, suggesting that network structure is tailored for sharper, more restricted activity in sensory cortex, and more dense network activity in association cortex.

2773 Co-designing an intervention for older adults with multiple conditions, using changes in physical activities to predict decline

Abstract Introduction Multiple long-term conditions (MLTCs) are common in the population, which increase with age and are associated with increased hospital admissions. Identifying early signs of decline, such as restricted physical activity, could help reduce avoidable hospitalisations, however it is not clear how best to do this. Aim To co-design with patients, caregivers and primary care professionals (PCPs), an intervention aimed at identifying changes in activity in order to recognise decline in older adults with MLTCs. Methods The Person-Based Approach was followed to plan and develop this intervention. Qualitative interviews were conducted with older patients with MLTCs, caregivers, and PCPs to examine perspectives on an intervention measuring changes in physical activity. A prototype app was developed, using these results and patient and public involvement. This was further optimised through iterative think-aloud interviews with patients, caregivers, and PCPs. Results Thirty-six interviews were conducted comprising of 17 patients (mean age 79-years, 23% female), eight caregivers and 11 PCPs (GPs, nurses, occupational therapists, and pharmacists). Interviews were recorded, transcribed, and thematically analysed. Findings highlighted the importance of restricted activity as an indicator of decline. Patients often described their experiences of decline through non-specific symptoms, including changes in physical activity. PCPs emphasised the value of knowing about such changes to clinical decision-making. Different technology options for measuring activity were explored, considering data quality, and acceptability of passive/active data collection. The initial prototype intervention was designed for iterative testing and think-aloud interviews will be completed by November and presented. Conclusion This study highlights the utility of measuring changes in activity in older patients, and some benefits and lessons learned from co-design. A proactive approach to detecting early decline within community settings may provide opportunities to unplanned hospital admissions.

Cyclophilin A Regulates Tripartite Motif 5 Alpha Restriction of HIV-1.

The peptidyl-prolyl isomerase A (PPIA), also known as cyclophilin A (CYPA), is involved in multiple steps of the HIV-1 replication cycle. CYPA regulates the restriction of many host factors by interacting with the CYPA-binding loop on the HIV-1 capsid (CA) surface. TRIM5 (tripartite motif protein 5) in primates is a key species-specific restriction factor defining the HIV-1 pandemic. The incomplete adaptation of HIV-1 to humans is due to the different utilization of CYPA by pandemic and non-pandemic HIV-1. The enzymatic activity of CYPA on the viral core is likely an important reason for regulating the TRIM5 restriction activity. Thus, the HIV-1 capsid and its CYPA interaction may serve as new targets for future anti-AIDS therapeutic agents. This article will describe the species-specificity of the restriction factor TRIM5, understand the role of CYPA in regulating restriction factors in retroviral infection, and discuss important future research issues.

Viscoelastic Soft Solid Electrolytes Enable Fast Zinc Ion Conductance and Highly Stable Zinc Metal Anode

AbstractAchieving both high ionic conductance and stable Zn metal anode simultaneously remains a challenge with current liquid and solid electrolytes. Here, a viscoelastic soft solid electrolyte (VSSE) strategy is presented that effectively balances Zn ion conduction and Zn anode stability. The VSSE is created by nano‐SiO2 inducing a liquid‐to‐solid transition in a liquid solution containing Zn(BF4)2 salt dissolved in an oligomer (glycerol polyoxyethylene‐b‐oxypropylene ether, GPE) and water. The plentiful oxygen functional group in VSSE provides enough hydrogen bonding sites for water molecules to be completely hydrogen‐bonded to form a state without free water. The bound water serves as a Zn‐O coordination modulator that can weaken the strong Zn‐O coordination, lowering the dissociation energy for Zn ions, realizing fast Zn ion decoupling motion mode. Consequently, the VSSE gives impressive Zn ion conductance of (2.28 ± 0.07) ×10−3 S cm−1 at room temperature 10–1000 times higher than reported solid polymer electrolytes. Simultaneously, the restricted molecular activity of bound water allows for excellent storage/cycle life of the Zn metal anode, which is confirmed by remarkably improved storage life (720 h), shelving‐recovery lifespan (850–1200 h), and cycling life (1400–2050 h). This study offers fresh perspectives on multifunctional electrolyte design strategies based on soft‐matter science.

Postoperative Activity Restrictions After Reconstructive Pelvic Surgery

Importance Restrictive physical activity after pelvic reconstructive surgery is recommended, although the optimal duration and intensity are not standardized. Objective This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the existing literature comparing clinical outcomes for liberal postoperative physical activity versus standard of care, defined as restricted postoperative physical activity, after pelvic reconstructive surgery. Study Design PubMed, CENTRAL, Scopus, Web of Science, and CINAHL databases were searched for observational and randomized studies comparing liberal postoperative physical activity and standard of care in women undergoing pelvic reconstructive surgery, reporting anatomic and functional outcomes. Statistical analysis was performed using RevMan software, presenting results as mean difference (MD) or odds ratio in a random-effects model, with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results Five randomized trials, representing total n = 434, were included, with 2 studies on sling surgical procedures and 3 on prolapse surgical procedures. Data from 3 studies suggest no significant difference between liberal and standard postoperative instructions in surgical outcomes, measured by Point Ba from POP-Q assessment tool, up to 3 months follow-up (MD, −0.04; 95% CI, −0.16 to 0.07; P = 0.49). Disease-specific symptom distress, measured by Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory-20, favored the liberal approach (MD, −10.09; 95% CI, −18.33 to −1.86; P = 0.02). Other domains, including Urinary Distress Inventory-6, also showed significant improvements with liberal postoperative activities (MD, −4.29; 95% CI, −7.84 to −0.74; P = 0.02). Conclusions Patients with liberal postoperative physical activity recommendations in prolapse repair surgical procedures had similar short-term anatomic outcomes compared with standard restrictions, with more favorable outcomes in disease-specific symptom relief and quality of life.

Life-space Activities and Incident Dementia Among Older Adults: Insights From a Cohort Study

This study examined the association between life-space activities and incident dementia among older adults. A prospective study. This study included 2740 older adults (mean age 74.4years; SD ± 6.2years; range 65-99years; 58.8% women). Life-space activities were assessed using the Active Mobility Index (AMI). Incident dementia was determined using medical insurance data and long-term care insurance data (mean follow-up, 53.7months). During the follow-up period, 326 participants (11.9%) had incident dementia. Participants were classified into 3 groups based on AMI score tertiles: tertile 1, ≤52; tertile 2, 53-77; and tertile 3, ≥78. The Cox proportional hazards model was used to examine the association between AMI scores and incident dementia. Individuals with higher scores had lower hazard ratios (HRs) (tertile 1: reference; tertile 2: HR, 0.67; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.52-0.87; P= .002; tertile 3: HR, 0.38; 95% CI, 0.27-0.53; P < .001; P for trend: <.001). Both the physical and social AMI sub-scores were associated with dementia (P for trend: <.001). Restricted life-space activity, as assessed using the AMI, was associated with the risk of dementia. In addition, both the physical and social sub-scores were associated with dementia.

The Influence of Body Image and Energy Intake on Nutritional Status in Adolescents at SMAN 1 Cirebon City, Indonesia

Background: Adolescents are among the groups vulnerable to nutritional problems. These issues can arise due to restrictive diets, self-assessment (body image), lifestyle choices, energy intake, physical activity, and knowledge of balanced nutrition. According to the WHO (2018), the prevalence of overnutrition among adolescents aged 15–19 years has risen significantly from 4% to over 18%. The increase was observed in 18% of females and 19% of males. Aims: This research aims to examine the correlation between body image, energy intake, and nutritional status among adolescents at SMAN 1 in Cirebon City. Methods: A quantitative approach with a descriptive research design was employed in this study. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling. Primary data were collected through questionnaires, 24-hour food recall interviews, and measurements of body weight and height. Statistical analyses included univariate and multivariate analysis. Results: The findings indicate that most adolescents had a negative body image (60.1%), good energy intake (44.0%), and normal nutritional status (70.2%). Data analysis using the Ordinal Logistic Regression test revealed that body image significantly affects nutritional status (p &lt; 0.001), and energy intake also significantly affects nutritional status (p &lt; 0.001). Conclusion: This study concluded that body image and energy intake significantly influence the nutritional status of adolescents. Statistical analysis demonstrated that adolescents with a positive body image and good energy intake are more likely to have normal nutritional status. Received: 25 September 2024 | Reviewed: 16 October 2024 | Revised: 30 November 2024 | Accepted: 12 December 2024.

Ulnar Bone Grafting for the Repair of Radial Fracture in a Dog with Degloving Injury

Background: A one-year-old female Poodle weighing 1.7 kg sustained an open wound and radial bone fracture due to a bicycle accident. The injury resulted in significant skin and bone loss. Skin reconstruction using an advancement flap and radial bone repair using an autologous ulnar bone graft were performed to restore limb function and appearance. Methods: The dog underwent surgery for skin and bone reconstruction. Necrotic tissue was debrided and an advancement flap was used to repair the skin. The radial bone defect was treated with an autologous ulnar graft and stabilized with a titanium plate. Postoperative care included pain management, antibiotics and restricted activity. Periodic radiographs were taken to monitor bone healing. Result: The dog experienced good recovery, with the skin healing fully within 15 days despite some initial necrosis. The ulnar bone graft successfully fused with the radial bone, allowing the dog to bear weight on the limb by day 65. By day 233, the bone had fully integrated and the dog showed no signs of lameness.

Non-Pharmacological Therapy in Heart Failure and Management of Heart Failure in Special Populations-A Review.

Non-pharmacological therapies play an essential role in the management of heart failure, complementing pharmacological treatments to mitigate disease progression and improve patient outcomes. This review provides an updated perspective on non-pharmacological interventions with a focus on lifestyle modifications, device therapies, and the management of heart failure in special populations, such as the elderly, women, and patients with comorbid conditions like renal dysfunction and diabetes. Key lifestyle interventions, including sodium and fluid restriction, dietary changes, and physical activity, are explored for their impact on symptom reduction, hospital readmissions, and quality of life. Device therapies like cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) and implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICD) are also evaluated for their effectiveness in reducing mortality in patients with advanced HF. Special attention is given to vulnerable populations, emphasizing the need for individualized approaches tailored to specific pathophysiological mechanisms and socioeconomic factors. By integrating these strategies, healthcare providers can optimize care and enhance patient adherence, reducing the overall burden of heart failure.

Spatially Controlled MicroRNA Imaging in Mitochondria via Enzymatic Activation of Hybridization Chain Reaction.

Live-cell imaging of RNA in specific subcellular compartments is essential for elucidating the rich repertoire of cellular functions, but it has been limited by a lack of simple, precisely controlled methods. Here such an approach is presented via the combination of hybridization chain reaction and spatially restricted enzymatic activation with organelle-targeted delivery. The system can localize engineered DNA hairpins in the mitochondria, where target RNA-initiated chain reaction of hybridization events is selectively activated by a specific enzyme, enabling amplified RNA imaging with high precision. It is demonstrated that the approach is compatible with live cell visualization and enables the regulatable imaging of microRNA in mitochondria. Since in situ activation of the signal amplification with enzyme eliminates the need for genetically encoded protein overexpression, it is envisioned that this simple platform will be broadly applicable for precise RNA imaging with subcellular resolution in a variety of biological processes.

Mechanism of maltogenic α-amylase modification on barley granular starches spanning the full range of amylose

Amylopectin (AP)-only (APBS), normal (NBS), and amylose (AM) only (AOBS) barley starches were selected here to investigate catalysis pattern of maltogenic α-amylase (MA) on hydrolyzing AP and AM granular starches. MA shortened starch side chains with degree of polymerization (DP) 11–30. MA-treated APBS exhibited porous granular structures and dramatically increased degree of branching (DB, 17–20 %), and reduced ordered degrees, suggesting high hydrolysis and transglycosylation activities of MA. MA-treated NBS showed less pronounced porous structures and slightly increased DB (2–4 %), indicating high hydrolysis but low transglycosylation activities. AOBS displayed minimal changes in DB (0.2–0.3 %) and starch structures, implying low hydrolysis and transglycosylation activities. Therefore, MA preferred to attack the AP molecules with abundant glucan substrates with DP 11–30, while AM restricted MA activity likely by creating ineffective binding sites and undergoing rapid reorganization. These findings deepened the understanding of the mechanisms of MA in modifying granular starches with varying AM content.

HIV-1 reservoir landscape of post-treatment control.

This review explores the viral reservoir landscape in individuals who control viral replication after treatment interruption (TI), designated as post-treatment controllers (PTCs). Identifying their virologic features is crucial to inform drug-free HIV remission strategies. Traditionally characterized as small, likely due to early treatment, the viral reservoir of PTCs, after TI, exhibits limited transcriptional activity, residual viral replication and subsequent proviral diversity. Intact proviruses are found to be restricted. In nonhuman primate PTCs, this depletion of intact proviruses is already observed in lymph nodes before TI, suggesting that control mechanisms begin during antiretroviral therapy. Furthermore, recent studies suggest immune-driven proviral deep latency associated with repressive epigenetic features and integration sites in PTCs. While molecular mapping of virological features of PTCs is increasingly precise and coupled with in-depth immunologic assays, robust predictive biomarkers of PTCs are still lacking. Despite limited sample sizes and heterogeneous definitions, common virologic features of PTCs include restricted reservoir size and transcriptional activity, fewer intact proviruses and deep proviral latency. Ongoing research using innovative technologies will further elucidate the mechanisms underlying post-treatment control, paving the way for successful HIV cure interventions.

Does cranial cruciate ligament repair by tibial plateau leveling osteotomy surgery restore dog’s natural kinematics? – A case series

Tibial plateau leveling osteotomy (TPLO) serves as an effective method of functional stabilization for treating cranial cruciate ligament (CrCL) deficiency. It is not clear if TPLO could restore the natural kinematics of the stifle, hip, and tarsal joints of the affected limb during walking. The hind limb motion between TPLO cases and control groups in eight adult dogs (4 French Bulldogs and 4 Pit Bull Terrier) was recorded by a motion capture system. Three-dimensional (3D) angular motions of the hip, stifle, and tarsal joints—including flexion-extension, abduction-adduction, and rotations—were computed and compared. Significant differences in joint kinematics were observed between TPLO cases and controls. In Case 1, the TPLO case in the French Bulldog showed differences in hip, stifle, and tarsal flexion-extension, abduction-adduction, and internal-external rotation. Asymmetries between affected and unaffected limbs were also detected in hip and stifle motions (up to 43° in some cases). Similar patterns of differences were found in Pit Bull Terriers Case 2 and Case 3, with significant variations in hip, stifle, and tarsal movements. Case 3 did not show hip asymmetries, but notable stifle and tarsal asymmetries were observed. The general daily activity performance for French Bulldogs and Pit Bull Terriers that underwent TPLO procedures was positive. The general daily restricted activity performance for the French Bulldog and Pit Bull Terriers that underwent TPLO procedures was positive. Our findings suggested that natural hind limb kinematics during gait was not restored in TPLO hind limb cases in both breeds.

Various plasmid strategies limit the effect of bacterial restriction-modification systems against conjugation.

In bacteria, genes conferring antibiotic resistance are mostly carried on conjugative plasmids, mobile genetic elements that spread horizontally between bacterial hosts. Bacteria carry defence systems that defend them against genetic parasites, but how effective these are against plasmid conjugation is poorly understood. Here, we study to what extent restriction-modification (RM) systems-by far the most prevalent bacterial defence systems-act as a barrier against plasmids. Using 10 different RM systems and 13 natural plasmids conferring antibiotic resistance in Escherichia coli, we uncovered variation in defence efficiency ranging from none to 105-fold protection. Further analysis revealed genetic features of plasmids that explain the observed variation in defence levels. First, the number of RM recognition sites present on the plasmids generally correlates with defence levels, with higher numbers of sites being associated with stronger defence. Second, some plasmids encode methylases that protect against restriction activity. Finally, we show that a high number of plasmids in our collection encode anti-restriction genes that provide protection against several types of RM systems. Overall, our results show that it is common for plasmids to encode anti-RM strategies, and that, as a consequence, RM systems form only a weak barrier for plasmid transfer by conjugation.

Glucose metabolism in the perfused liver did not improve with resistance training in male Swiss mice under caloric restriction

Context: Energy homeostasis is a primary factor for the survival of mammals. Many tissues and organs, among which is the liver, keep this homeostasis in varied circumstances, including caloric restriction (CR) and physical activity. Objective: This study investigated glucose metabolism using the following groups of eight-week-old male Swiss mice: CS, sedentary and fed freely; RS, sedentary and RT, trained, both under 30% CR (n = 20–23 per group). Results: Organs and fat depots of groups RS and RT were similar to CS, although body weight was lower. CR did not impair training performance nor affected systemic or hepatic glucose metabolism. Training combined with CR (group RT) improved in vivo glucose tolerance and did not affect liver gluconeogenesis. Conclusions: The mice tolerated the prolonged moderate CR without impairment of their well-being, glucose homeostasis, and resistance training performance. But the higher liver gluconeogenic efficiency previously demonstrated using this training protocol in mice was not evidenced under CR.

How Have American Migration Patterns Changed in the COVID Era?

ABSTRACTSince the onset of the COVID‐19 pandemic, popular accounts and new data have contributed to a narrative of major deconcentration to less dense neighborhoods and smaller regions. In turn, this informs long‐range regional growth policies. Pandemic‐period deconcentration is thought to be fueled by the constraints of restricted public activity and the widespread emergence of remote and hybrid work. This paper develops a regression model of the push‐and‐pull factors of interregional migration using 2015–2019 origin‐destination data and compares it with newly‐available US Postal Service address change data, which provide monthly in‐ and out‐moves at the relatively fine ZIP‐code level. Model results highlight the continued pull of job growth for migrants and find that household overcrowding—as a regional measure of housing supply—is more closely linked to migration than housing cost. Address change data covering the pandemic's peak confirm the increase in large‐region out‐migration and a corresponding influx in small places. However, in the later stage of the pandemic from July 2021 to June 2022, the highest population regions returned to their previous migration trends and dense ZIPs rebounded further to their previous migration levels, suggesting that a shorter‐term, COVID‐induced deconcentration process differed from the background trend of moves down the urban hierarchy.

Pelvic myofascial pain is associated with restriction of sexual activity in women with pelvic pain: a cross-sectional study.

Background Dyspareunia and restriction of sexual activity are often reported by patients with chronic pelvic pain, but less is known about which conditions or factors contribute most to these symptoms. Methods This is a cross-sectional study of consecutive new patients who presented to a chronic pelvic pain and endometriosis referral clinic between January 2013 and December 2015. Patients completed a detailed questionnaire prior to their first visit and underwent a comprehensive standardised pelvic examination at their first visit. Patients were grouped according to description of sexual activity as 'normal activity without pain', 'normal activity but painful', 'severely restricted by pain', or 'absent due to pain.' Primary outcome was restriction of sexual activity due to pain. Multinomial logistic regression was performed with 'normal activity without pain' group as reference category and adjusted for age, depression, history of endometriosis, and pelvic myofascial pain. Results Over half of the 187 patients with chronic pelvic pain described severely restricted (n =75, 40.1%) or absent (n =21, 11.2%) sexual activity due to pain. Pelvic myofascial pain was highly prevalent in this population and pelvic myofascial tenderness score was associated with higher odds of sexual activity that was severely restricted by pain (OR 1.05, 95% CI 1.01-1.09, P =0.006) or absent due to pain (OR 1.09, 95% CI 1.04-1.13, P Conclusion Dyspareunia and sexual dysfunction are highly prevalent among patients with chronic pelvic pain, and pelvic myofascial pain is strongly associated with restriction of sexual activity due to pain.

Preventive effects of coixol, an active compound of adlay seed, in NGF-differentiated PC12 cells against beta-amyloid25-35-induced neurotoxicity.

The health benefits of coixol, an active compound of adlay seed, have attracted certain attention. Adlay seed is often adopted in traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of various inflammatory disorders. Thus, it is hypothesized that coixol could protect neuronal cells. The preventive effects of coixol against Abeta25-35-induced damage in nerve growth factor-differentiated PC12 cells were explored. Differentiated PC12 cells were treated with coixol at 0.125 μM, 0.25 μM, 0.5 μM, 1 μM, and 2 μM for 48 h. Then, cells were further exposed to Abeta25-35 at 20 μM for 24 h. Coixol treatments at 0.25-2 μM exhibited antiapoptotic effect via increasing Bcl-2 mRNA expression, mitochondrial membrane potential, and Na+-K+ ATPase activity as well as decreasing Bax mRNA expression, caspase-3 activity, and intracellular Ca2+ release. In addition, coixol treatments at 0.25-2 μM alleviated oxidative and inflammatory responses via lowering reactive oxygen species level, increasing glutathione content, promoting the activity of glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, and catalase, decreasing the generation of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and prostaglandin E2. Furthermore, coixol treatments at 0.25-2 μM diminished intracellular Ca2+ release, and restricted nuclear factor kappa B-binding activity and phosphorylation of p65 and p38. Coixol treatments at 0.5-2 μM increased protein generation of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2, and limited protein production of inducible nitric oxide synthase and receptor of advanced glycation end product. Our novel findings suggested that coixol was a compelling agent against beta-amyloid peptide-induced neurotoxicity.

The Impact of Cardiac Rehabilitation on Quality of Life and 6 Minute Walk Test in Post Glenn Patients

Abstract Background The impact of cardiac rehabilitation on quality of life and 6 minute walk test in post Glenn patients. The present study conducted on 35 patients of both sex and age of 6 years old and above and at least 6 month after Glenn surgery at Ain Shams university Hospitals recruited during the period of 6 month. Objective To investigate the impact of a 12-week completed cardiac rehabilitation program on 6-minute walk test and quality of life in-patients of post Glenn shunt. Methods This was a 2-arm parallel prospective, randomized, controlled Study conducted on 35 patients of both sex and age of 6 years old and above and at least 6 month after Glenn surgery at Ain Shams university Hospitals recruited during the period of 6 month. Results We found that a significant improvement of Quality of life with reduced functional capacity in exercised group only after 3 months from enrollment in CR program, while control group didn’t show any improvement. Improvement was not only in quality of life but also there was a significant improvement in 6MWD in CR group when compared with control group (32.33 vs 2.25, p = 0.032 respectively). Conclusion Completed CR program improves quality of life and 6MWD in patients with post Glenn shunt with restricted physical activity.