Order Restrictions Research Articles

Смисъл и социална криза – философия на пандемията

The article examines the underlying philosophical and existential questions, as well as the moral dilemmas related to the management of restrictive measures imposed during a pandemic. The issue of trust in the management of experts, which is relevant during the social crisis, are examined, and their deep meaningful connection with the philosophical teachings of Plato and Kant is noted. The paper also addresses the issue of human rights and freedoms and ways to interpret them in a situation of limitations and restrictions in order to curb the power of the COVID-19 virus infection.

A Family of Relaxed Concurrent Queues for Low-Latency Operations and Item Transfers

The producer-consumer communication over shared memory is a critical function of current scalable systems. Queues that provide low latency and high throughput on highly utilized systems can improve the overall performance perceived by the end users. In order to address this demand, we set as priority to achieve both high operation performance and item transfer speed. The Relaxed Concurrent Queues (RCQs) are a family of queues that we have designed and implemented for that purpose. Our key idea is a relaxed ordering model that splits the enqueue and dequeue operations into a stage of sequential assignment to a queue slot and a stage of concurrent execution across the slots. At each slot, we apply no order restrictions among the operations of the same type. We define several variants of the RCQ algorithms with respect to offered concurrency, required hardware instructions, supported operations, occupied memory space, and precondition handling. For specific RCQ algorithms, we provide pseudo-code definitions and reason about their correctness and progress properties. Additionally, we theoretically estimate and experimentally validate the worst-case distance between an RCQ algorithm and a strict first-in-first-out (FIFO) queue. We developed prototype implementations of the RCQ algorithms and experimentally compare them with several representative strict FIFO and relaxed data structures over a range of workload and system settings. The RCQS algorithm is a provably linearizable lock-free member of the RCQ family. We experimentally show that RCQS achieves factors to orders of magnitude advantage over the state-of-the-art strict or relaxed queue algorithms across several latency and throughput statistics of the queue operations and item transfers.

Psychological restrictions in labor law: problem statement

The article raises the problem of ensuring the psychological health of the employee and the employer with the help of the tool of labor restrictions. Attention is drawn to the shortcomings of the Russian model of regulation of the labor law mechanism for the implementation of psychological restrictions in order to prevent mobbing, sexual harassment and other manifestations of moral persecution. Analyzing foreign legislation, as well as doctrine and judicial practice, the author offers a reception of the positive experience of French and Austrian labor legislation in order to improve the Russian model of labor relations regulation.

The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on food habits and neophobia in children in the framework of the family context and parents' behaviors: A study in an Italian central region.

This paper aims to evaluate whether changes in lifestyle and eating habits resulting from the Covid-19 emergency have influenced the post-pandemic level of food neophobia and in children living in an Italian central region. A sample of 99 children took part in a retrospective assessment carried out with a self-administrated questionnaire. Pre and post-pandemic evaluation of eating habits, physical activity, and lifestyle indicators was carried out. Food neophobia was evaluated following the Child Food Neophobia Scale (CFNS). Descriptive statistics were produced. A contingency analysis was performed to check associations between variables. For a large part of the sample (97%) the selective food refusal did not change during the pandemic period. About 70% of participants did not change their eating habits, with some subgroups reporting an increase in the consumption of fruits (22.2%), vegetables (19.2%), and legumes (21.2%). Relevantly the impact of the pandemic on the sedentary attitude passed from 25.3 to 70.7%. Neophobia was not associated with ponderal status (p-value 0.5). However, in normal-weight children, a high prevalence of intermediate-level neophobia (78.4%) was found. 39.4% of the studied children were involved in meal preparation during social isolation, with an increase in the proportion of children that shared all meals with their family (32.3% vs. 78.8%). Non-coercive parent behaviors in reaction to food refusal were associated with low levels of neophobia (p-value < 0.05). In this sample, for the effect of parents' attitudes, the pandemic positively affected children's food habits and, consequently, the level of neophobia after the social restrictions. The main implication of the study is the importance of capitalizing on the period of restrictions in order to involve children in meal sharing and food preparation.

Integrating GIS and Fuzzy Sets to Develop Multi-Criteria Spatial Decision Production

One of the most advanced features of GIS programs is the use of a combination of multiple criteria to make specific decisions about site selection. This is achieved by using layers of different criteria for land use on the geographic map in the GIS program. Site selection criteria are closely related in practice. Therefore, many methods deal with different criteria. Normally, decision-making processes result from the integration of various criteria, which are often interdependent and complex. The primary goal of this study is to identify the feasibility of integrating Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) with GIS. MCDM is developed through fuzzy implementation and theory development, as a mean of representing performance for decision alternatives, in order to weight the criteria used in the evaluation of criteria and fuzzy-ANP working methods. The current investigation has been conducted on selection criteria for multi-level car parking sites in Karbala city. An appropriate location for public parking has been selected by considering physical site features, exclusion space, traffic conditions and economic criteria. The results show that the proposed method can simultaneously include many geospatial data and restrictions in order to enhance decision-making using a fuzzy logic-based GIS approach.

An Internet of Things (IoT) Based Image Process Screening to Prevent COVID-19 in Public Gatherings

The global community is now coping with such a significant issue as the Covid-19 virus, public gatherings are experiencing certain restrictions in order to stop the virus from spreading further. The issue takes on a bigger significance during religious pilgrimages such as the Hajj and the Umrah, when tens of thousands, if not hundreds of thousands, of people gather in holy cities to participate in religious rituals. During such a time period, it is quite difficult to single out an infected person from among the big crowd that is there. The current screening approach only includes a single element of identity, which means that there is a possibility that the screening process may fail because there will not be enough identification. The use of thermal imaging provides a higher level of accuracy when compared to more conventional ways of testing for viral infections in the detection of these symptoms in crowded locations. The primary method that is utilised to determine whether or not a person is infected with the virus is an image processing algorithm that is built in MATLAB. The first step in the process of acquiring an image is to divide the video that is being captured into individual frames. Following this step, the frames that have been focussed are processed in a number of ways. The temperature of a person’s body may be estimated by taking a thermal image and then using the RGB separation feature on it. In order to categorise and sort the data, the k-means approach was used as part of the segmentation operation. In addition to eliminating the skin frequency, it also gets rid of the background noise, which often has a higher frequency than the skin frequency. The Viola–Jones technique, which may be used to identify the person’s breathing rate, can be used to locate the end of a person’s nose, specifically the tip of the nose. The Cascaded Adaboost Classifier is an option that may be used to finish the classification process after the operation has been completed. The suggested method has an accuracy rate of 89.23 percent and a simulation period of around 60 seconds, which guarantees the safety of huge groups of people’s public health.

P042 Actigraphy-derived sleep characteristics of healthy children who benefit the most from a sleep extension protocol

Abstract Introduction Although experimental manipulation of sleep can extend children’s sleep via earlier bedtimes, this is not always possible. We aimed to determine true sleep gains made with a one hour earlier bedtime, and which actigraphy variables at baseline predicted the best gains. Methods Secondary analysis within a randomised crossover trial (99 children; 49.5% female; mean age=10.3 years, range 8-12 years). Each child underwent one week of sleep restriction and extension in a random order (1h later or earlier bedtime respectively) separated by a one-week washout. Sleep data comparing baseline and extension weeks were analysed using linear or logistic regression, controlling for randomised order. Results The mean (SD) difference in total sleep time (TST) with sleep extension was 14.3 (44.1) min/night. Thirty-three percent extended their sleep by at least 30 min/night. At baseline, having lower sleep quantity (TST) and quality (efficiency, WASO, waking frequency) significantly predicted more sleep gain. For each 1 h lower TST at baseline, 29.7 min (95% CI 19.4, 40.1) more sleep was gained. At baseline, a TST below 8 h 49 min was the optimal cut-point to predict whether children could extend their sleep by at least 30 min/night (found in 40% of children). Adjusting for relevant demographics and sleep hygiene made little difference. Conclusion Children who slept less than 8 h 49 min/night obtained the most sleep gain from a 1 hour earlier bedtime maintained over a week. Maintenance over the longer term is unknown. Findings have implications for understanding the sleep requirements of children.

Implementation of Bandwidth Management and Access Restrictions Using PCQ and Firewall Methods in SMP Tunas Bangsa Network

Internet virtual classes as a substitute for face-to-face learning are becoming common use in schools during the pandemic, which activities outside the home is restricted. SMP Tunas Bangsa has an internet hotspot to access Zoom as a virtual class while browsing activities carried out by the teachers. Diverse activities and high traffic loads cause internet traffic congestion and frequent connection failures. The hotspot requires bandwidth management and access restrictions in order to efficient internet usage. Bandwidth management is carried out by the method Per Connection Queue (PCQ), and access restrictions are carried out with the firewall mangle. Mikrotik router OS configuration in practice manages bandwidth starting with connection marks and packet marks to separate connections to the router, through the router, and from the router to the internet. The parameter used to distinguish the traffic is the IP address which is grouped in dst-address and src-address to fulfill the pcq-classifier. Meanwhile, the blocking of access to streaming activities and online games is intended so the teachers only access related to education matters. To determine the success of the configuration, the Quality of service was calculated both before and after configuration. The results of the QoS throughput parameter which increased from 4.39% to 84.99%, the delay decreased from 462.52 ms to 146.87ms, and packet loss decreased from 27.94% to 0% on the network.

Third-Millennium Challenges in Virtual-Learning Contexts: A Systematic Review in Developing Countries

Education is the only industry in the pandemic era in most countries, even developing countries, has been wholly transferred to the online mode. Although virtual-learning is the best way to continue education during an epidemic, developing countries face challenges. This study aimed to determine the challenges of virtual education in developing countries. The PRISMA guideline was followed in this review, with seven databases searched: Scopus, ISI, ScienceDirect, Emerald, Pubmed, Ovid SP, and Google Scholar. The query "(virtual-learning OR E-Learning OR online learning) AND (challenges))" was used to retrieve records in the fields of title, keywords, and abstract without any date restrictions in order to achieve as many articles on this topic as possible. Then the references of each article were backward-tracked and searched in Google Scholar to identify extra potentially relevant articles. Three hundred and twenty-five records were retrieved from the literature search on January 9, 2021, with 56 retained after removing duplicates. After a detailed screening and selection process, 32 articles were selected. The results showed that the most critical virtual-learning challenges in developing countries were in six Items 1. Technical (Lack of proper telecommunications infrastructure, Lack of necessary electronic standards, hardware and software, reduced information security) 2. Cultural (attitude of second-rate education. 3. Virtual-learning skills (unfamiliarity with the virtual-learning environment, low hardware, and software literacy) 4. Socio-psychiatric factor (fear and anxiety in facing the virtual-learning environment, Distractions) 5. Quality of (education, difficulty in assessing the quality of learning, Lack of effective student-teacher interaction (6. Ethical (information plagiarism, Lack of intellectual property rights, and copyright law) were why most e-learners and e-tutors in developing countries were dissatisfied with virtual learning. According to the results, to overcome these challenges, it is necessary to create infrastructure and technology standards and use the experiences of developed countries concerning virtual-learning. In addition, it is necessary to create an appropriate culture and familiarize professors and learners with the development and use of a virtual-learning system while maintaining ethics.

Estimation for Kies distribution with generalized progressive hybrid censoring under partially observed competing risks model

In this paper, estimation of a competing risks model is discussed with partially observed modes of failure. When latent lifetimes of competing risks follow the Kies distribution under a generalized progressive hybrid censoring, estimation of the unknown parameters is explored under non-order and order restrictions via classical and Bayesian approaches, respectively. The uniqueness and existence of maximum likelihood estimators of parameters are established, and subsequently interval estimators are also derived. Bayesian estimates as well as highest posterior density credible intervals are developed for the model parameters. In addition, when extra order information for the competing risks parameters is available, classical and Bayesian estimates are also established. Extensive simulation studies are conducted to investigate the performance of different methods, and a numerical example is also presented for illustrative purposes.

Thermal influx induced biopolymeric transitions in paddy straw

This is the first article highlighting the bio-polymeric transitions in individual intrinsic bio-constituents during pyrolytic thermal degradation of paddy straw through deconvolution of first order derivative of conversion profile. Non-isothermal slow pyrolysis of raw paddy straw was executed in a thermogravimetric analyzer at different heating rates (β = 10, 20 30 and 40 °C/min). Gaussian deconvolution technique was used to find individual signals related to each intrinsic biopolymers (hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin) in biomaterial. Different heating rates provided varied levels of heat influx to same biomaterial under same the environment which induced the different biopolymeric transitions in biomaterial. The multi-step mechanism was adopted to determine the kinetic triplets of paddy straw by using three different iso-conversional methods; OFW, KAS, and STM. The calculated activation energy from all three methods shows very negligible variations. From reaction mechanisms of three biopolymeric constituents, we established that thermal degradation of raw paddy straw underwent various complex reactions. This particular work found that all bioconsituents commonly followed the trends of diffusion model with no restriction of order of reaction.

Evaluation of policies and practices to support safe and appropriate analgesic and sedative prescribing: The CDRx (controlled drug prescribing) protocol.

Medications provide many therapeutic benefits; however, these must be balanced against the potential for patient harm. Two high-risk medications are benzodiazepine receptor agonists or BZRAs (including benzodiazepines and Z-drugs hypnotics) and opioid analgesics, which carry a risk of dependence, misuse, and abuse. Use of these medications has been growing internationally, along with associated morbidity and mortality. These medications are often classified as 'controlled drugs' and subject to legal restrictions in order to balance therapeutic benefits and risks of misuse. The aim of this project is to evaluate prescribing of analgesic and sedative drugs, in particular opioid and BZRA medications, to characterise time trends, the impact of policy changes, and regional and GP practice variation. This will be addressed across three workpackages, primarily using data on prescriptions dispensed to individuals eligible for the General Medical Services scheme in Ireland, held by the HSE Primary Care Reimbursement Service, along with other national and international data collections. Workpackage 1 will derive volume and patterns of utilisation indicators of controlled drugs and related medications and describe time trends in primary care in Ireland between 2014 and 2021 in two repeated cross-sectional studies. Workpackage 2 will consist of two interrupted time series studies on the impact of recent policy changes on prescribing. Workpackage 3 is a cohort study of GP practices, which will aim to quantify and explain regional and GP practice-level variation in analgesic and sedative prescribing, and, in relation to policy changes. This research will provide data-driven insights to inform policy-makers' decisions and clinical practice to optimise regulation and use of these medications for the benefit of patients and society.

A Survey on Analysis of Data Mining Algorithms for High Utility Itemsets

High-Utility-Itemset Mining (HUIM) is meant to detect extremely important trends by considering the purchasing quantity and product benefits of items. For static databases, most of the measurements are expected. In real time applications, such as the market basket review, company decision making and web administration organization results, large quantities of datasets are slowly evolving with new knowledge incorporated. The usual mining calculations cannot handle such complex databases and retrieve useful data. The essential task of data collection in a quantifiable sequence dataset is to determine entirely high utility sequences. The number of sequences found is always extremely high, though useful. This article studies the issue of the mining of repeated high utility sequence that meet item restrictions in order to identify patents that are more suited to the needs of a customer. Also, this article introduces high-value element set mining, examines modern algorithms, their extensions, implementations, and explores research opportunities.

Analisa Efektifitas Kebijakan PPKM terhadap Pertumbuhan Kasus COVID-19 Menggunakan Algoritma Naïve Bayes

The pandemic that is being experienced by Indonesia, namely the outbreak of the COVID-19 virus, has led to the implementation of large-scale social restrictions in order to accelerate the handling of the spread of the virus. As a result of the increasing number of COVID-19 cases in Indonesia, including in Riau Province, where every City and Regency has increased, especially Pekanbaru, the implementation of Community Activity Restrictions (PPKM). This study tries to answer this question by using the Naïve Bayes Algorithm. Naïve Bayes Classifier is a probabilistic and statistical method of classification technique that predicts future opportunities based on previous experience. The use of the Naïve Bayes algorithm to predict the growth of Covid-19 cases in Pekanbaru obtained a good performance score with 90.00% accuracy, 90.24% precision and 91.90% recall. Based on the results of the classification of the datasets used in this study, it can be concluded that the implementation of the Policy for Enforcement of Community Activity Restrictions (PPKM) in the city of Pekanbaru has proven to be effective where there has been a decline in the category of growth of Covid-19 cases with a high category from 70% to 25%. Vice versa, the growth of Covid-19 cases in the low category has increased from 30% to 65%.

Comparing COVID-19 in the antipodes: Insights from pandemic containment strategies on both sides of the Pacific

That the COVID-19 pandemic is unprecedented in terms of its scale, spread and shocks can be evinced by the myriad of ever-changing responses cities all around the world have rolled out throughout the different waves of outbreaks. Although the threat is similar across the world, it took some time before its reach became global and the waves of outbreak are experienced by cities at different times. While this staggered spread imply that some cities might manage the virus better as they learn from the experiences of cities which had been amongst the earliest to face the virus, the reality is more complicated. In the early stages of the pandemic, the global consensus on the best way to contain the virus swiftly converged in the interlinked strategies of restricting the movement of people and minimizing their social contact. However, the effectiveness of these strategies differ greatly between cities. To that end, this study focuses on COVID-19 responses in two regions (Latin America and Southeast Asia) and examines the evolution of the first wave of COVID-19 outbreaks during 2020 in Singapore, Jakarta (Indonesia), Bogotá (Colombia) and Santiago (Chile). The study is based on a comparative approach and uses a variety of data sources, namely morphology, density, housing concentration, mobility, and governance in the four analyzed cities. The goal is to shed light on the response of city governments in these two different regions in terms of mobility restrictions in order to reduce the cases of new infections. The results show the relevance of urban policies and their territorial approaches, particularly in terms of mobility and public transport networks in the four cities.

Which factors were behind Germany's labour market upswing? A data‐driven approach*

AbstractGermany has experienced a strong and sustained labour market upswing since the mid‐2000s. While various studies have highlighted different specific reasons for this development, this study contributes to the debate by simultaneously considering a broad set of candidate factors for the upswing in a unified methodological framework and systematically weighing them against each other on an empirical basis. We develop a structural macroeconometric framework that leaves as many of the systematic interlinkages as possible for empirical determination while operating with a minimal set of restrictions in order to identify economically meaningful shocks. For this purpose, we combine short‐ and long‐run restrictions based on established assumptions on labour force development, technological change, and search and matching in the labour market. Matching efficiency, the intensity of job creation, the growing labour force, and the declining propensity to separate explain most of the German labour market upswing.

Impact of the mobility alteration on air pollution over different cities: a vision for citizen awareness

Every year the concern from environmental pollution increases as it affects human health. In the current paper, it is analyzed the evolution of the air quality in different cities on international level related to the reduction in mobility trend due to the emergence of the pandemic. The air pollution is studied in order to achieve healthier cities in the future and create an awareness for the citizens. The COVID-19 pandemic situation was declared during the first months of 2020 and has shown (indirectly) the effects that restrictions on human activity and road traffic have on atmospheric pollutant values. This pandemic condition derived, in most cases, in mobility restrictions in order to decrease the spread of the virus through the density of population in different places and, as a result of these restrictions, pollutant presence decreased equally. This article analyzes some of the largest cities around the world, such as Tsuen Wan district in Hong Kong (China), Los Angeles (USA), London (UK), São Paulo (Brazil), Bangalore (India), Johannesburg (South Africa), and Sydney (Australia) in order to check the different mobility restriction policies established in each location, and how those restrictions led to decrease the levels of some pollutant particles such as NO2 in the atmosphere. This should serve as a focus of awareness of the city and political interests of how it affects human activity, and those measures should be taken to reduce pollutants.

L’élevage caprin dans le sud Tunisien

Après 40 ans, les premiers résultats du projet de croisement d'absorption ont été amplement transférés au niveau des élevages de la région. La plupart des troupeaux caprins de la région oasienne ont été plus ou moins touchés par l'introduction de génotypes caprins. Au niveau des élevages, le croisement a été appliqué sans restrictions techniques de manière à générer un amalgame génétique dans les différents modes de production. C'est pourquoi nous avons exécuté une enquête aux prés de 85 éleveurs caprins de la délégation de Mareth, où le croisement est adopté dans les différents systèmes d'élevage. Les résultats montrent que la conduite n'est pas suffisamment maîtrisée, même en intensif, pour profiter des avantages de croisement. La conduite des reproducteurs et le renouvellement ne considèrent pas les spécificités des génotypes, comme le saisonnement sexuel et les risques de la consanguinité. Certaines exigences génétiques, tel que l'abattage des mâles F1, ne sont que peu connues et respectées par les éleveurs ce qui entrave l'optimisation des ressources génétiques disponibles. La tendance générale est l'usage des races à viande comme races amélioratrices ce qui s'illustre par le choix accru de la race Damasquine.

Migration Situation in Belarus amid the Covid-19 Pandemic and International Sanctions

The significant impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the global economy as a whole, the most important areas of life and activity of citizens of almost all states, require the study of both positive and not always successful, negative experience in overcoming the socio-economic consequences of covid restrictions in order to improve the tools for regulating migration processes in crisis conditions. In Belarus, the necessary measures were taken in a timely manner to ensure the stability of the socio-economic situation in the country, taking into account the high degree of openness of its economy. In this context, a special place is occupied by Presidential Decree No. 143 of April 24, 2020 “On Supporting the Economy”, which aims to minimize the impact of the global epidemiological situation on the economy of the Republic of Belarus and is aimed at addressing issues of improving business activities in a pandemic, in particular, the introduction of taxation budget incentives, adjustment of certain provisions of labor policy, improvement of social protection of citizens and migrant workers. How did all this affect the migration and demographic situation and the results of the socio-economic development of the Republic of Belarus in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, which did not introduce a strict lockdown regime? To this end, in the course of the study, an analysis of relevant factual data was carried out and preliminary assessments of the emerging socio-economic, migration and demographic situation in the Republic of Belarus were given.

The Challenges and Strategies towards Healthy Eating during COVID-19 Home Confinement Period among Working Adults with BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 Enrolled in a Weight Loss Program: Qualitative Findings.

The COVID-19 pandemic has been affecting our lifestyles, such as work, living, and health. In Malaysia, the Restriction of Movement Order (RMO) was first announced in March 2020 to curb the spread of the virus. Since then, many Malaysians have been confined to their own home. This new lifestyle can cause a change of eating habits where healthy eating may be a challenge. Hence, our qualitative study explored the challenges and strategies for healthy eating during the first wave of the COVID-19 home confinement period among working adults overweight and obese in Malaysia. Eleven participants were individually interviewed through phone calls. The interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and then coded with NVIVO 12 based on thematic analysis. We found that social pressure, changes in the social setting, more free time to access food, and extra stock of unhealthy foods at home were among the challenges to healthy eating. Some participants countered these perceived challenges by reducing unhealthy food stock, limiting kitchen visits, and utilizing self-monitoring apps to monitor their calorie intake. Social media was not consistently perceived to influence their eating behavior during this period. We conclude that COVID-19 home confinement has created challenges to healthy eating habits among overweight and obese adults with overweight and obesity. Our study provides evidence that vulnerable groups such as overweight and obese individuals require specific nutritional support during pandemic-related confinement to enhance eating self-efficacy.