Restriction Endonucleases HindIII Research Articles

A retrotransposon-based probe for fingerprinting and evolutionary studies in rice (Oryza sativa)

A genomic DNA fragment (pAA7-2) amplified by a random amplified polymorphic DNA primer from the rice cultivar IR68 was used to assess the genetic variation and genetic relationships among the species of genus Oryza. A Southern hybridization experiment of diverse upland rice accessions using a single restriction enzyme HindIII generated unique DNA fingerprint for each accession. The differential hybridization pattern reflecting the copy number variation of pAA7-2 in a collection of wild species and cultivated species of rice provided insight about the genetic relationships among them. All AA genome species exhibited clear banding pattern suggesting presence of fewer copies of this sequence. Strongest hybridization signal was obtained in species belonging to BB, CC, GG, BBCC, CCDD genomes, whereas weakest hybridization signal was visible in EE, FF, and HHJJ genome species. Oryza brachyantha was the most divergent species. Clear difference in banding pattern was evident between Oryza schlechteri and Oryza coarctata belonging to HHKK genome. Although pAA7-2 had no repetitive sequences often associated with hypervariable loci, homology to a putative unclassified expressed retrotransposon distributed over several rice chromosomes was responsible for the complex banding patterns. There were more sites homologous to pAA7-2 sequence in corn and sorghum genome compared with the rice genome. The study demonstrates the potential of pAA7-2 as a powerful molecular tool for DNA fingerprinting, genetic diversity, phylogenetic, and evolutionary studies in Oryza sativa and its wild relatives and other grasses.

Loss of Hypermethylated in Cancer 1 (HIC1) in Breast Cancer Cells Contributes to Stress-induced Migration and Invasion through β-2 Adrenergic Receptor (ADRB2) Misregulation

The transcriptional repressor HIC1 (Hypermethylated in Cancer 1) is a tumor suppressor gene inactivated in many human cancers including breast carcinomas. In this study, we show that HIC1 is a direct transcriptional repressor of β-2 adrenergic receptor (ADRB2). Through promoter luciferase activity, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and sequential ChIP experiments, we demonstrate that ADRB2 is a direct target gene of HIC1, endogenously in WI-38 cells and following HIC1 re-expression in breast cancer cells. Agonist-mediated stimulation of ADRB2 increases the migration and invasion of highly malignant MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells but these effects are abolished following HIC1 re-expression or specific down-regulation of ADRB2 by siRNA treatment. Our results suggest that early inactivation of HIC1 in breast carcinomas could predispose to stress-induced metastasis through up-regulation of the β-2 adrenergic receptor.

PCR-RFLP and genetic diversity analysis of cpDNA in some species of the genus Salvia L.

Long Accurate polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism (LA-PCR-RFLP) of the chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) was used to investigate phylogenetic relationships between 54 species of Salvia L. Two Ocimum L. species were used as an out group. A pair of universal primers in LA-PCR protocol resulted in long cpDNA of an expected size (∼15 kilo base pair (kb)) from each Salvia and Ocimum species, except S. x superba (hybrid; S. sylvestris x S. amplexicaulis or S. nemorosa). LA-PCR products were separately digested with each of EcoRI, HindIII, PvuII, NdeI, SmaI or MfeI restriction enzymes. S. roemeriana Scheele showed amplifi ed fragment length difference (AFLD). S. roemeriana and/or S. lyrata L. could be identifi ed with any of the enzymes used except PvuII. Identifi cation of Ocimum species from Salvia could be carried out with NdeI, SmaI or MfeI. EcoRI and MfeI exhibited more polymorphic and informative patterns than HindIII, PvuII, NdeI or SmaI. LA-PCR-RFLP analysis generated 28 polymorphic restriction fragments. Fragments were visually detected, photographed and used to build a genetic similarity data matrix based on Nei and Li (1979) method. PHYLIP software package (Felsenstein 2005) and the genetic similarity matrix were exploited to construct a phylogenetic tree. The phenogram generated by UPGMA clustering analysis separated Salvia species based on genetic distance into distinct groups obviously dependent on origin.

ChemInform Abstract: Inhibition of Restriction Enzymes EcoRI, BamHI and HindIII by Phenethylphenylphthalimides Derived from Thalidomide.

AbstractThe compounds (I) show potent EcoRI‐inhibitory activity (IC50 = 4.2 and 5.3 μm, respectively) and modest BamHI‐ and HindIII‐inhibitory activities.

Genetic polymorphism of three genes associated with milk trait in Egyptian buffalo

In dairy farm animals, the principal goal of the selection is the improvement of milk yield and composition. The genes of milk proteins and hormones are excellent candidate genes for linkage analysis with quantitative trait loci (QTL) because of their biological significance on the quantitative traits of interest. Prolactin (PRL) is a polypeptide hormone with multiple functions, secreted mainly by the anterior pituitary gland. Prolactin’s biological activity consists of various roles in the reproduction, lactation and a number of homeostatic biological functions including immune functions. Casein proteins and their genetic variants have been reported as important factors associated with lactation performance, milk composition and cheese yield efficiency. Genetic variants of bovine kappa-casein (K-CN) gene are associated with milk protein content and have a significant influence on rennet clotting time, firmness and cheese yield of milk. The pituitary-specific transcription factor (PIT-1) gene is responsible for pituitary development and hormone secreting gene expression in mammals. PIT-1 is studied as a candidate genetic marker for growth, carcass and also for milk yield traits. Genomic DNA extracted from 100 healthy buffaloes was amplified using primers that were designed from the cattle PRL, K-CN and PIT-1 gene sequences. The amplified fragments of PRL (294-bp), K-CN (530-bp) and PIT-1 (451-bp) were digested with RsaI, HindIII and HinfI restriction enzymes, respectively. The results showed that all tested buffaloes are genotyped as GG for PRL, BB for K-CN and BB for PIT-1.

Molecular authentication of Thai medicinal plant, Vitex glabrata, by PCR-RFLP

Several species in Vitex, a genus in the family Labiatae, are medicinal plants used in folk remedy in many countries with different effects. Vitex glabrata R. Br. is used as anthelmintic, wound healing and sexual enhancer, which are different from the uses of other Vitex species. These effects are related to the presence of ecdysteroids in the plant (1) since it has high amount of 20-hydroxyecdysone (2). Crude drugs of many Vitex species have similar appearance, which lead to confusion and misuse. Therefore, an accurate authentication of V. glabrata is essential for medicinal purpose. In this study, PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) based on the chloroplast maturase K (matK) gene analysis was applied to identify V. glabrata from other Vitex species commonly found in Thailand. Among five Vitex species, a distinctive site recognize by a restriction enzyme HindIII in V. glabrata was found. A pair of new primers, Vt1110matKF and Vt1516matKR, was designed based on the sequence of V. glabrata to amplify a smaller fragment of 407 bp in length from genomic DNAs of the leaves of these five species. Only the PCR product of V. glabrata could be digested with HindIII into two fragments of 324 bp and 83 bp while the other species remained undigested. This result suggests that PCR-RFLP analysis is an effective and accurate method for authentication of V. glabrata. Acknowledgement: the Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Funds, Faculty of Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Thailand

DNA Exposure to Buckminsterfullerene (C60): Toward DNA Stability, Reactivity, and Replication

Buckminsterfullerene (C(60)) has received great research interest due to its extraordinary properties and increasing applications in manufacturing industry and biomedical technology. We recently reported C(60) could enter bacterial cells and bind to DNA molecules. This study was to further determine how the DNA-C(60) binding affected the thermal stability and enzymatic digestion of DNA molecules, and DNA mutations. Nano-C(60) aggregates and water-soluble fullerenols were synthesized and their impact on DNA biochemical and microbial activity was investigated. Our results revealed that water-soluble fullerenols could bind to lambda DNA and improve DNA stability remarkably against thermal degradation at 70-85 °C in a dose-dependent manner. DNase I and HindIII restriction endonuclease activities were inhibited after interacting with fullerenols at a high dose. Experimental results also showed the different influence of fullerenol and nano-C(60) on their antibacterial mechanisms, where fullerenols contributed considerable impact on cell damage and mutation rate. This preliminary study indicated that the application of fullerenols results in significant changes in the physical structures and biochemical functions of DNA molecules.

SUBKLONING DAN ISOLASI GEN PENYANDI MIKRONEMA 3 (MIC-3) Toxoplasma gondii ISOLAT LOKAL

Microneme protein (MIC) is one of proteins that belongs to excretory-secretory antigens (ESAs) of Toxoplasma gondii. Microneme 3 protein (MIC-3) is the protein that plays an important role in the invasion proccess during cell infection as a mediator attachment parasite to the host cell. The aim of this research is to clone mic3 (gene encoding for MIC-3) of T. gondii from local isolate using recombinant DNA technology by cloning mic3 in an expression vector. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) from T. gondii tachyzoites was amplified by PuRe Taq RTG-PCR Beads using mic3 specific primers. Amplified DNA was double digested using EcoRV and HindIII restriction endonucleases and then purified using EZ-10 spin coloumn purification kit. The mic3 DNA was ligated into pET-32a(+) expression vector and transformated into Escherichia coli BL21. The results showed that recombinant mic3gene 4.2 kDa has been successfully performed by cloning gene encoding for MIC-3 protein of T. gondii local isolate into pET-32a(+) and transformed to E. coli BL21.

Analysis of BAC-end sequences (BESs) and development of BES-SSR markers for genetic mapping and hybrid purity assessment in pigeonpea (Cajanus spp.)

BackgroundPigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.] is an important legume crop of rainfed agriculture. Despite of concerted research efforts directed to pigeonpea improvement, stagnated productivity of pigeonpea during last several decades may be accounted to prevalence of various biotic and abiotic constraints and the situation is exacerbated by availability of inadequate genomic resources to undertake any molecular breeding programme for accelerated crop improvement. With the objective of enhancing genomic resources for pigeonpea, this study reports for the first time, large scale development of SSR markers from BAC-end sequences and their subsequent use for genetic mapping and hybridity testing in pigeonpea.ResultsA set of 88,860 BAC (bacterial artificial chromosome)-end sequences (BESs) were generated after constructing two BAC libraries by using HindIII (34,560 clones) and BamHI (34,560 clones) restriction enzymes. Clustering based on sequence identity of BESs yielded a set of >52K non-redundant sequences, comprising 35 Mbp or >4% of the pigeonpea genome. These sequences were analyzed to develop annotation lists and subdivide the BESs into genome fractions (e.g., genes, retroelements, transpons and non-annotated sequences). Parallel analysis of BESs for microsatellites or simple sequence repeats (SSRs) identified 18,149 SSRs, from which a set of 6,212 SSRs were selected for further analysis. A total of 3,072 novel SSR primer pairs were synthesized and tested for length polymorphism on a set of 22 parental genotypes of 13 mapping populations segregating for traits of interest. In total, we identified 842 polymorphic SSR markers that will have utility in pigeonpea improvement. Based on these markers, the first SSR-based genetic map comprising of 239 loci was developed for this previously uncharacterized genome. Utility of developed SSR markers was also demonstrated by identifying a set of 42 markers each for two hybrids (ICPH 2671 and ICPH 2438) for genetic purity assessment in commercial hybrid breeding programme.ConclusionIn summary, while BAC libraries and BESs should be useful for genomics studies, BES-SSR markers, and the genetic map should be very useful for linking the genetic map with a future physical map as well as for molecular breeding in pigeonpea.

Multidrug Resistance Protein 4 (MRP4/ABCC4) Regulates cAMP Cellular Levels and Controls Human Leukemia Cell Proliferation and Differentiation

Increased intracellular cAMP concentration plays a well established role in leukemic cell maturation. We previously reported that U937 cells stimulated by H2 receptor agonists, despite a robust increase in cAMP, fail to mature because of rapid H2 receptor desensitization and phosphodiesterase (PDE) activation. Here we show that intracellular cAMP levels not only in U937 cells but also in other acute myeloid leukemia cell lines are also regulated by multidrug resistance-associated proteins (MRPs), particularly MRP4. U937, HL-60, and KG-1a cells, exposed to amthamine (H2-receptor agonist), augmented intracellular cAMP concentration with a concomitant increase in the efflux. Extrusion of cAMP was ATP-dependent and probenecid-sensitive, supporting that the transport was MRP-mediated. Cells exposed to amthamine and the PDE4 inhibitor showed enhanced cAMP extrusion, but this response was inhibited by MRP blockade. Amthamine stimulation, combined with PDE4 and MRP inhibition, induced maximal cell arrest proliferation. Knockdown strategy by shRNA revealed that this process was mediated by MRP4. Furthermore, blockade by probenecid or MRP4 knockdown showed that increased intracellular cAMP levels induce maturation in U937 cells. These findings confirm the key role of intracellular cAMP levels in leukemic cell maturation and provide the first evidence that MRP4 may represent a new potential target for leukemia differentiation therapy.

Molecular Characterization of the NPC1L1 Variants Identified from Cholesterol Low Absorbers

Niemann-Pick C1-like 1 (NPC1L1) is an essential protein for dietary cholesterol absorption. Nonsynonymous (NS) variants of NPC1L1 in humans have been suggested to associate with cholesterol absorption variations. However, information concerning the characteristics and mechanism of these variants in cholesterol uptake is limited. In this study, we analyzed the cholesterol uptake ability of the 19 reported NS variants of NPC1L1 identified from cholesterol low absorbers. Among these variants, L110F, R306C, A395V, G402S, T413M, R693C, R1214H, and R1268H could partially mediate cellular cholesterol uptake and were categorized as partially dysfunctional variants. The other 11 variants including T61M, N132S, D398G, R417W, G434R, T499M, S620C, I647N, G672R, S881L, and R1108W could barely facilitate cholesterol uptake, and were classified into the severely dysfunctional group. The partially dysfunctional variants showed mild defects in one or multiple aspects of cholesterol-regulated recycling, subcellular localization, glycosylation, and protein stability. The severely dysfunctional ones displayed remarkable defects in all these aspects and were rapidly degraded through the ER-associated degradation (ERAD) pathway. In vivo analyses using adenovirus-mediated expression in mouse liver confirmed that the S881L variant failed to localize to liver canalicular membrane, and the mice showed defects in biliary cholesterol re-absorption, while the G402S variant appeared to be similar to wild-type NPC1L1 in mouse liver. This study suggests that the dysfunction of the 19 variants on cholesterol absorption is due to the impairment of recycling, subcellular localization, glycosylation, or stability of NPC1L1.

An overview of the Phalaenopsisorchid genome through BAC end sequence analysis

BackgroundPhalaenopsis orchids are popular floral crops, and development of new cultivars is economically important to floricultural industries worldwide. Analysis of orchid genes could facilitate orchid improvement. Bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) end sequences (BESs) can provide the first glimpses into the sequence composition of a novel genome and can yield molecular markers for use in genetic mapping and breeding.ResultsWe used two BAC libraries (constructed using the BamHI and HindIII restriction enzymes) of Phalaenopsis equestris to generate pair-end sequences from 2,920 BAC clones (71.4% and 28.6% from the BamHI and HindIII libraries, respectively), at a success rate of 95.7%. A total of 5,535 BESs were generated, representing 4.5 Mb, or about 0.3% of the Phalaenopsis genome. The trimmed sequences ranged from 123 to 1,397 base pairs (bp) in size, with an average edited read length of 821 bp. When these BESs were subjected to sequence homology searches, it was found that 641 (11.6%) were predicted to represent protein-encoding regions, whereas 1,272 (23.0%) contained repetitive DNA. Most of the repetitive DNA sequences were gypsy- and copia-like retrotransposons (41.9% and 12.8%, respectively), whereas only 10.8% were DNA transposons. Further, 950 potential simple sequence repeats (SSRs) were discovered. Dinucleotides were the most abundant repeat motifs; AT/TA dimer repeats were the most frequent SSRs, representing 253 (26.6%) of all identified SSRs. Microsynteny analysis revealed that more BESs mapped to the whole-genome sequences of poplar than to those of grape or Arabidopsis, and even fewer mapped to the rice genome. This work will facilitate analysis of the Phalaenopsis genome, and will help clarify similarities and differences in genome composition between orchids and other plant species.ConclusionUsing BES analysis, we obtained an overview of the Phalaenopsis genome in terms of gene abundance, the presence of repetitive DNA and SSR markers, and the extent of microsynteny with other plant species. This work provides a basis for future physical mapping of the Phalaenopsis genome and advances our knowledge thereof.

Inhibition of Restriction Enzymes EcoRI, BamHI and HindIII by Phenethylphenylphthalimides Derived from Thalidomide

We discovered inhibitors of the restriction enzymes EcoRI, BamHI and HindIII by screening our library of compounds with a phenethylphenylphthalimide skeleton, based on α-glucosidase inhibitors and liver X receptor antagonists derived from thalidomide. Structural development afforded the potent restriction enzyme inhibitors 25 and 26.

Influence of nano-viscosity and depletion interactions on cleavage of DNA by enzymes in glycerol and poly(ethylene glycol) solutions: qualitative analysis

Biochemical reactions in living systems take place in an environment crowded by various macromolecules and ligands. Therefore experimental data obtained in buffer do not reflect in vivo conditions. We have used glycerol, poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) 6000 and PEG 8 M solutions to investigate the influence of the crowded environment on cleavage of plasmid DNA by restriction enzyme HindIII. PEG 6000 solution can effectively slow down the cleavage process. However, neither PEG 8 M solution of the same viscosity as PEG 6000 solution nor glycerol solution of the same concentration as PEG 6000 solution slows the cleavage of DNA appreciably. The viscosity experienced by the biomolecules (here called nano-viscosity) and aggregation induced by the depletion interactions between DNA molecules in polymer solution (PEG 6000) are two factors responsible for slow cleavage of DNA. We have ruled out the change of pH and denaturation of HindIII as possible sources for the effect.

Determination of βS haplotypes in patients with sickle-cell anemia in the state of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil

βS haplotypes were studied in 47 non-related patients with sickle-cell anemia from the state of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. Molecular analysis was conducted by PCR/RFLP using restriction endonucleases XmnI, HindIII, HincII and HinfI to analyze six polymorphic sites from the beta cluster. Twenty-seven patients (57.5%) were identified with genotype CAR/CAR, 9 (19.1%) CAR/BEN, 6 (12.8%) CAR/CAM, 1 (2.1%) BEN/BEN, 2 (4.3%) CAR/Atp, 1 (2.1%) BEN/Atp and 1 (2.1%) with genotype Atp/Atp. The greater frequency of Cameroon haplotypes compared to other Brazilian states suggests the existence of a peculiarity of African origin in the state of Rio Grande do Norte.

Detection and characterization of Leptospira spp. isolated from aborted bovine clinical samples

Leptospirais recognized as an important public health problem worldwide, especially in tropical countries, and is a common cause of abortion in dairy and beef herds. The aim of the present study was to detect and characterizeLeptospiraas the causative agent of abortion in cattle using a PCR-RFLP in Chaharmahal va Bakhtiari and Isfahan provinces, Iran. A total of 220 bovine aborted foetuses and 120 vaginal discharges from an aborted calf were collected from 64 commercial dairy herds. After isolation of 60Leptospiraspp. from samples, RFLP analysis was carried out withHindIII andHaeIII restriction enzymes in reference strains and isolated for characterization. In a total of 340 specimens, 46 (20.9%) and 14 (11.66%) were identified positive forLeptospiraspp. from aborted bovine foetuses and vaginal discharges, respectively. The present results also suggest thatL. interrogansserovarhardjohas the highest prevalence in the region under study andL. hardjois a major pathogen causing bovine abortion in Chaharmahal va Bakhtiari and Isfahan provinces of Iran.

Comparative molecular analysis of Fusarium solani isolates by RFLP and RAPD

Fusarium solani is an important pathogen causing wilt disease of guava in India. In this work, we analyzed seven representative isolates of F. solani, collected from different places of India, by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RPLP) using HindIII or DraI restriction endonucleases and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD). Pattern of restriction enzyme revealed a similar restriction cut type cluster in the isolate namely, Allahabad (isolate-3), Faizabad (isolate-4), Unnao (isolate-5) and Lucknow (isolate-6) region, while other cluster was consist of isolate from Ranchi (isolate-2) and Ludhiana (isolate-7). Slightly variable results were obtained when 10 randomly amplified polymorphic DNA markers (OPA01–OPA10) tested in the genome of Fusarium solani and grouped on basis of obtained allelic data. RAPD fingerprinting showed a higher variability than RFLP, and each isolate had a unique electrophoretic pattern with five of the ten primers used. Our results show that RAPD much efficient to distinguish between all F. solani isolate tested.

Molecular Characterization of Phytoplasmas Associated with Potato Purple Top Disease in Iran

Potato plants with symptoms suggestive of potato purple top disease (PPTD) occurred in the central, western and north-western regions of Iran. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and nested PCR assays were performed using phytoplasma universal primer pair P1/P7 followed by primer pairs R16F2n/R16R2 and fU5/rU3 for phytoplasma detection. Using primer pairs R16F2n/R16R2 and fU5/rU3 in nested PCR, the expected fragments were amplified from 53% of symptomatic potatoes. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis using AluI, CfoI, EcoRI, KpnI, HindIII, MseI, RsaI and TaqI restriction enzymes confirmed that different phytoplasma isolates caused PPTD in several Iranian potato-growing areas. Sequences analysis of partial 16S rRNA gene amplified by nested PCR indicated that ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma solani’, ‘Ca. Phytoplasma astris’ and ‘Ca. Phytoplasma trifolii’ are prevalent in potato plants showing PPTD symptoms in the production areas of central, western and north-western regions of Iran, although ‘Ca. Phytoplasma solani’ is more prevalent than other phytoplasmas. This is the first report of phytoplasmas related to ‘Ca. Phytoplasma astris’, ‘Ca. Phytoplasma solani’ and ‘Ca. Phytoplasma trifolii’ causing PPTD in Iran.

Distribution of Major Allelic Variants at Exon-IV of Kappa Casein Gene in Indian Native Cattle

Sodhi, M., Mishra, B.P., Prakash, B., Kaushik, R., Singh, K.P. and Mukesh, M. 2010. Distribution of major allelic variants at exon-IV of kappa casein gene in Indian native cattle. J. Appl. Anim. Res., 38: 117–121. The present study was aimed to screen the pattern of major allelic variants of kappa casein (κ-CN) locus across 744 animals representing 17 Indian native cattle breeds adapted to different agroclimatic regions. A 935 bp fragment of κ-CN exon IV region was PCR amplified and digested with HindIII and HaeIII restriction enzymes to reveal the frequency distribution of A, B and E alleles. The digestion with HindIII pattern revealed a single 935 bp fragment or three fragments of 935, 520 and 415 bps, whereas HaeIII digestion displayed a monomorphic pattern of 641 and 294 bps fragments in all the studied samples. On analysis, only two alleles A and B were detected. AA genotype was most commonly distributed (0.818), with predominance of A allele (0.908). The present analysis indicated contrasting allelic pattern at κ-CN locus in Indian native cattle in comparison to that reported for Bos Taurus.

Deep venous thrombosis and thrombophilic mutations in western Iran: association with factor V Leiden

The aim of present study was to investigate the prevalence of factor V Leiden (FVL) c.1691G>A, prothrombin g.20210G>A and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) c.677C>T in deep vein thrombosis (DVT) patients and their possible association with DVT in western Iran. Eighty DVT patients with the mean age of 42.07 +/- 13.0 years including 44 women and 36 men and 100 sex-matched healthy individuals with the mean age of 37.63 +/- 13.3 years from Kermanshah Province of Iran with ethnic background of Kurd were studied for FVL c.1691G>A, prothrombin g.20210G>A and MTHFR c.677C>T by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) method using MnlI, HindIII and HinfI restriction enzymes, respectively. Prevalence of FVL was 11.4% in patients and 2% in control group. A significant association was found between FVL mutation and DVT with odds ratio (OR) of 6.3 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.32-30.05; P = 0.012]. The prevalence of prothrombin g.20210G>A variant in patients (3.8%) was nonsignificantly higher than control individuals (1.0%; OR 3.8; 95% CI = 0.39-37.81; P = 0.32). The prevalence of MTHFR c.677C>T in patients was 38.7% that was not statistically different from control group (44% P = 0.12). Venous thrombosis in legs was the most frequent clinical manifestation (n = 75), corresponding to 93.8% of the thromboembolism, followed by pulmonary thromboembolism (6.2%). We have, for the first time, determined the prevalence of inherited thrombophilia in a homogenous ethnic group of DVT patients and shown that FVL may be a risk factor for DVT in western Iran.