Sleep Deprivation Research Articles

Sleep Hygiene Within the Fire Service: A Narrative Review

ABSTRACT Firefighters are valuable members of society, prioritizing and assisting in public safety. Although the occupation is physically demanding, firefighters are at great risk of cardiovascular disease compared with the general population. Although cardiovascular disease, obesity, and hypertension are preventable, the risk remains prominent in the fire service. Firefighters respond to emergencies throughout the day and night, causing disruptions and insufficient sleep, which may hinder their health and ability to accomplish occupational tasks. Adequate sleep quantity and quality are vital for both cognitive functioning and performance. Decrements in sleep duration or quality may have immediate detrimental impacts on firefighters' ability to perform occupational duties and further increase the risk of injury. Furthermore, poor sleep habits also negatively affect chronic health, heightening the precedented health concerns of this population. Understanding the effects of poor sleep hygiene and how to counteract inadequate sleep may reduce the risk of chronic health problems and allow firefighters to consistently accomplish occupational performance tasks. This narrative review describes the effects of poor sleep and the implication of quality sleep hygiene regimens that may provide the fire service.

Is polytrauma really just a simple accident? Recurrent characteristic of polytrauma

BackgroundPolytrauma was defined as a severe traumatic injury and believed that it was a sudden and unpredictable incident. Is polytrauma really just a simple accident? In order to comprehensively answer this question, the study sought to determine the frequency and specific risk factors associated with polytrauma recidivism, while also comparing the initial and subsequent injury events among recidivists.MethodsA multicenter, retrospective cohort study was conducted at four Advanced Trauma Centers’ emergency surgery or traumatic intensive care units (TICUs) between August 2020 and July 2023. A total of 2490 consecutive trauma patients who met the criteria consecutively were recruited and analyzed in the study. Risk factors for recurrent polytrauma were identified through the use of logistic regression analysis. A nomogram was created using the results from a multivariate logistic regression analysis and the rms package in R.ResultsIn polytrauma, the rate of recidivism was 44.6% (672/1507), then recidivists were predominantly male (80.4%) and frequently within the 45 to 54 year-old age range (51.3%). Recidivists in polytrauma patients overall had a median time to reinjury of 27 months, as measured by the interquartile range (IQR). The polytrauma patients in the recent traumatic event were often more severe than that in the initial event, as patients had higher ISS scores and lower GCS scores (P < 0.01). Moreover, polytrauma recidivism were associated with poorer prognosis and increased healthcare costs. Polytrauma patients with the specific characteristics were found to have a higher likelihood of experiencing a subsequent recurrence, including being male (OR = 3.82,95% CI: 2.21–6.83), aged 45–54 years old (OR = 2.62,95% CI: 2.13–6.32),experiencing sleep deprivation (OR = 2.38,95% CI: 1.32–4.25), working in construction (OR = 2.72,95% CI: 1.44–5.42), working as delivery staff (OR = 3.65,95% CI: 1.51–7.96) and being involved in an electric bicycle collision (OR = 2.85,95% CI: 1.31–5.64).ConclusionPolytrauma recidivism is associated with a high recurrence rate, poorer clinical outcomes, and elevated healthcare costs. Key predictive markers for recidivism include being male, aged 45–54 years, experiencing sleep deprivation, employment in construction or delivery roles, and involvement in electric bicycle collisions. These findings highlight polytrauma recidivists as a critical target for primary prevention efforts. Public health strategies should prioritize tailored interventions to reduce recidivism, aiming to mitigate morbidity, mortality, and associated healthcare burdens in this high-risk population.

A comparative analysis of partial sleep restriction versus split sleep regimen on cognitive processing, declarative memory, and affective behaviour in nursing students

Objectives: Sleep plays a regulatory role in functions such as abstraction, fluid intelligence, and declarative memory. This research seeks to assess the influence of two sleep restriction schedules—partial nocturnal sleep restriction and a split sleep (SS) regimen—on fluid intelligence and various memory functions (including encoding, consolidation, and retrieval) in shift-working nurses. Materials and Methods: The research involved 46 4th-year nursing students (23 males and 23 females) assigned to night duties, categorised into two groups: Partial sleep restriction (5 h of night sleep with 4 h of daytime recovery sleep) and SS (5 h of night sleep with 1.5 h of an afternoon nap and recovery sleep of 2.5 h following the tests). Instruments such as the Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI), Karolinska sleepiness scale (KSS), and Raven’s Progressive Matrices were utilised to evaluate sleep quality, sleepiness levels, overall mood, benefits of daytime naps, and fluid intelligence. Memory-related activities comprised a picture-encoding task and a factual knowledge task, evaluated through subjective assessments and two alternative choice questions. Results: The PSQI global scores highlighted notable differences, with female nursing students in the partial sleep group scoring lower (9 ± 2.311) than their counterparts in the SS group (5 ± 1.09). Sleepiness, gauged by the KSSKSS score, was higher in the partial sleep group (7 ± 3.2) compared to female nursing students in the SS regimen (5 ± 5.8). Results from Raven’s progressive matrices pointed to delayed abstraction in the partial sleep restriction group (9.31 ± 6.24) in contrast to the SS group (9.01 ± 5.59), indicating poorer performance in visual attentive tasks. Positive and negative affect schedule scores unveiled heightened negativity in mood due to sleep restriction in the partial sleep group, with less hostility observed in those with an afternoon nap, albeit not reaching statistical significance. Positive moods exhibited fluctuation, with attentiveness declining in the partial sleep group. The study affirmed the advantages of a daytime nap on long-term memory. Female nurses in the SS regimen displayed statistically significant picture encoding accuracy (78 ± 3.65) with faster reaction times (2 ± 6.37) compared to the partial sleep group. Males in the SS regimen recorded a higher percentage of hits (88 ± 5.16). Learning sessions at 3 pm, coinciding with the circadian dip, affected the partial sleep groups, whereas the nap mitigated such effects for the SS group. Allowing a 1.5-h afternoon nap synchronised with the circadian dip enhanced memory in the SS group. Conclusion: By comparing partial nocturnal sleep restriction and a SS regimen, this study unveils their distinct effects on fluid intelligence and memory processes among shift-working nurses. The results provide valuable insights into the degree of dependence of basic cortical functions on sleep for healthcare professionals navigating demanding schedules, underscoring the significance of accounting for both nocturnal sleep duration and daytime naps to optimise cognitive performance.

KDM6B knockdown alleviates sleep deprivation-induced cerebrovascular lesions in APP/PS1 mice by inhibiting PARP16 expression

Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is a neurological disorder in the elderly, involving the deposition of vascular amyloid-β (Aβ). Sleep deprivation (SD) causes memory deficits during CAA. Lysine specific demethylase 6B (KDM6B) is a histone H3 lysine 27-specific demethylase associated with neuronal injury and inflammation. However, the role of KDM6B in CAA has yet to be studied. In the current study, the multi-platform over-water method was used to induce chronic SD in APP/PS1 mice. Pathological analysis revealed that SD exacerbated vascular lesions in this model, as manifested by extensive formation of Aβ-positive deposits. In addition, SD led to a significant increase in the expression of KDM6B in the cerebral cortex of APP/PS1 mice. Next, the effect of KDM6B on CAA progression was explored through loss of function. Further experiments illustrated that KDM6B knockdown diminished SD-induced memory impairment, neuronal injury and vascular lesions in vivo. Additionally, isolated primary cortical neurons were treated with 10 µM Aβ1-42 for 48 h to induce the cell model. As expected, knockdown of KDM6B inhibited the Aβ1-42-induced cytotoxicity in primary neurons. Mechanistically, our results demonstrated that KDM6B knockdown downregulated poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase16 (PARP16) expression by increasing trimethylated lysine 27 on histone 3 (H3K27me3) levels, indicating that KDM6B epigenetically regulated PARP16 expression. Function recovery experiment results further proved that PARP16 overexpression negated the effect of KDM6B knockdown on Aβ1-42-induced cytotoxicity. Overall, our findings uncover an unanticipated role of KDM6B in CAA, and KDM6B may serve as a potential therapeutic target for CAA.Abbreviations: CAA, cerebral amyloid angiopathy; Aβ, amyloid-β; SD, sleep deprivation; KDM6B, lysine specific demethylase 6B; AD, Alzheimer’s disease; H3K27me3, trimethylated lysine 27 on histone 3; PARP16, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase16; AAV2, adeno-associated virus 2; CHIP, chromatin immunoprecipitation; ANOVA, one-way analysis of variance.

Illnesses and sleep deprivation

Introduction: Sleep is defined on the basis of behavioural and physiological criteria dividing it into two states : non rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep which is subdivided into three stages (N1,N2,N3) abs rapid eye movement (REM) sleep characterized by rapid eye movements, muscle atonia and desynchronized EEG [1]. The most important step in assessing a patient with a sleep complaint is obtaining a detailed history including family and previous histories. Material and Methods: There were analyzed articles from PubMed database from the last 5 years 2019-2024, mentioned such words as “illnesses”, “sleep deprivation” [2]. As well as scientific works that have not lost their relevance today [3-6]. Results: For example, critically ill patients frequently experience poor sleep, characterized by frequent disruptions, loss of circadian rhythms and pancity of time spent in restorative sleep stages. Factors that are associated with sleep stages. One of them is critical condition in the intensive care unit ICU include patient-ventilator dyssynchrony, medications, patient care and interactions environmental noise and light [ 7-24]. Along with ICU patients, also medical human resources ICU suffer from sleep disorders due to psycho-emotional burnout (PEB) [25] and chronic fatigue syndrome [7], sometimes not different from wartime PEB [ 26]. Conclusion: Sleep disturbance during intensive care unit admission is common. Sleep disturbance has been observed in survivors of critical illness even after transfer out of the ICU. Sleep disturbance is common in critically ill patients up to 12 months after hospital discharge. Like, and medical human resources ICU, may suffer from sleep problems throughout their lives.

A decision tree model for traffic accident prediction among food delivery riders.

Food delivery riders (FDRs) play a crucial role in the food delivery industry but face considerable challenges, including a rising number of traffic accidents. This study aimed to examine the incidence of traffic accidents and develop a decision tree model to predict the likelihood of traffic accidents among FDRs. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 257 FDRs in Chiang Mai and Lampang Province, Thailand. Participants were interviewed using questionnaires and provided self-reports of accidents over the previous 6 months. Univariable logistic regression was used to identify factors influencing traffic accidents. Subsequently, a decision tree model was developed to predict traffic accidents using a training and validation dataset split in a 70:30 ratio. The results indicated that 45.14% of FDRs had been involved in a traffic accident. The decision tree model identified several significant predictors of traffic accidents, including delivering food in the rain, job stress, fatigue, inadequate sleep, and the use of a modified motorcycle, achieving a prediction accuracy of 66.54%. Based on this model, we recommend several measures to minimize accidents among FDRs: ensuring adequate sleep, implementing work-rest schedules to mitigate fatigue, managing job-related stress effectively, inspecting motorcycle conditions before use, and exercising increased caution when delivering food during rainy conditions.

Performance of questionnaires to predict sleep-disordered breathing in acute stroke patients.

Sleep-disordered breathing is common in stroke and may negatively affect its outcome. Screening for sleep-disordered breathing in this setting is of interest but poorly studied. We aimed to evaluate the performance of eight obstructive sleep apnea screening questionnaires to predict sleep-disordered breathing in acute stroke or transient ischaemic attack patients, and to assess the impact of stroke/transient ischaemic attack-specific factors on sleep-disordered breathing prediction. We analysed acute stroke/transient ischaemic attack patients (N = 195) from a prospective cohort ("Sleep Deficiency and Stroke Outcome study"). Assessments included anthropometrics, stroke-specific parameters, sleep history, an in-hospital respiratory polygraphy within the first week after stroke, and obstructive sleep apnea screening questionnaires (Berlin Questionnaire, Epworth Sleepiness Scale, STOP-BANG, NoSAS, Sleep Apnea Clinical Score, No-Apnea, Sleep Obstructive apnea score optimized for Stroke, SLEEP-IN). In a binary classification task for respiratory event index ≥ 15 per hr, we evaluated the performance of the above-mentioned questionnaires. We used logistic regression to identify predictors for sleep-disordered breathing in this cohort. The areas under the curve for respiratory event index ≥ 15 per hr were: Berlin Questionnaire 0.60; STOP-BANG 0.72; NoSAS 0.69; No-Apnea 0.69; Sleep Apnea Clinical Score 0.75; Epworth Sleepiness Scale 0.50; Sleep Obstructive apnea score optimized for Stroke 0.58; and SLEEP-IN 0.67. The No-Apnea had the lowest false omission rate (0.13), a sensitivity of 0.97 and a specificity of 0.12. In multiple logistic regression analysis (respiratory event index ≥ 15 per hr), age, neck circumference, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale at admission, prior stroke, cardioembolic stroke aetiology and observed apneas were associated with sleep-disordered breathing. The logistic regression model performed similar (area under the curve 0.80) to Sleep Apnea Clinical Score (p = 0.402) and STOP-BANG (p = 0.127), but outperformed the other questionnaires. Neither existing questionnaires nor our statistical model are sufficient to accurately diagnose sleep-disordered breathing after stroke, thus requiring sleep study evaluation. The No-Apnea questionnaire may help to identify patients amenable to sleep testing.

Perspective: Improving the understanding of sleep deprivation and strategies for fatigue management across the medical education continuum: a call to action.

Perspective: Improving the understanding of sleep deprivation and strategies for fatigue management across the medical education continuum: a call to action.

Coffee&amp;apos;s Health Benefits for Human Diet

Coffee is the most popular beverage in the world and the most consumed caffeinated beverage after water and tea. It contains a combination of several chemical components that, with the health benefits, most consumers start the day with at least one cup of coffee after eating and end the working day with coffee. It is considered an important part of modern-day life because it has an alarming effect on the human brain. In contrast, different groups report. They face unequal health risks and are therefore reluctant to drink coffee, suggesting individual differences in coffee intolerance. The purpose of this study was to briefly summarize the health benefits and risks of coffee consumption. Most informative reports suggest that long-term consumption of coffee and decaffeinated coffee can reduce the risk of many diseases. Among them, it is used to improve our physical performance, burn fat, reduce the risk of stroke, liver, prostate and colorectal cancer by 20%, the risk of Parkinson&amp;apos;s disease by 25%. the risk of dementia and protect our mind, brighten our mood, help fight depression and minimize the risk of suicide by 50%. In addition, coffee drinkers have a lower risk of heart disease, with highly integrated DNA. It has also been reported that coffee consumption naturally lengthens sleep latency, decreases total sleep duration and efficiency, and worsens putative sleep functions. However, from the positive health perspective of coffee consumption, a recent study reveals that coffee consumption does not always provide protective benefits, since excessive consumption is associated with a negative impact or risk to our health. Some negative effects of coffee consumption on our health: reduces appetite, affects pregnant women, people with cholesterol, causes insomnia and restlessness, breast tissue cysts in women, digestive disorders related to incontinence and risk of headache In addition, it reduces the likelihood of fertility in women and men, causes allergies and abortions, violent heart contractions, anxiety, depression and the need for anti-anxiety drugs, inhibits the production of collagen in human skin, improves the hearing loss. it does not help with prolonged sleep deprivation, it interferes with ossification and may even lead to an increased risk of bone fracture. Finally, more recent studies have reported that the consumption of coffee is beneficial for our health when it is optimal, about four glasses on average. Further research will be crucial to clarify the health benefits and risks of coffee consumption.

Effect of electroacupuncture on synaptic ultrastructure and synaptic function related proteins PSD95 and MeCP2 in sleep deprivation rats

To observe the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) on the expression of synaptic function related proteins PSD95 and MeCP2 and synaptic ultrastructure in sleep deprived rats, so as to explore its mechanism underlying improvement of learning and memory ability caused by sleep deprivation. SD rats were randomly divided into normal, model, EA and sham EA groups (n=10). The sleep deprivation model was prepared by modified multi-platform water environment. Rats of the EA group received EA stimulation at "Baihui" (GV20) and "Dazhui" (GV14), while the sham EA group received shallow needling 4 mm away from the above acupoints without electrical stimulation. The learning and memory ability was evaluated with Morris water maze test. The density of dendritic spines in hippocampal CA1 region was detected by Golgi staining. The synaptic ultrastructure of hippocampus was observed by electron microscope. The protein expression levels of PSD95 and MeCP2 in hippocampus was detected by Western blot. Compared with the normal group, the escaping latency of the positioning navigation experiment in the model group was prolonged (P<0.05), the number of crossing the platform and the residence time in the target quadrant were decreased(P<0.05), the density of dendritic spines in the hippocampal CA1 area was decreased (P<0.05), the number of synapses was reduced, with swollen synaptosomes, blurred synaptic structure, disappeared and narrowed synaptic clefts, the protein expression levels of PSD95 and MeCP2 were significantly decreased (P<0.05) in the model group. Compared with the model group, the escape latency of the positioning navigation experiment was shortened (P<0.05), the number of crossing platforms and the time spent in the target quadrant were increased (P<0.05), the density of dendritic spines in the hippocampal CA1 region was increased (P<0.05), the morphology of synaptic improved, the protein expression levels of PSD95 and MeCP2 were increased (P<0.01) in the EA and sham EA groups. The improvement of the above indexes in EA group was more obvious than those in sham EA group. EA can improve the learning and memory of sleep deprivation rats, which may be related to its function in regulating the expressions of synaptic related proteins PSD95 and MeCP2, and improving the synaptic structure.

Changes in Circadian Timing Following a One-Week In-Home Sleep Extension Manipulation in Habitually Short-Sleeping Adolescents.

Evaluate objectively-measured circadian rhythms following one-week of at-home sleep extension in habitually short-sleeping adolescents. Twenty-six participants (16.1±1.2 years, 69% female, and 65% White Non-Hispanic) with insufficient sleep (<7 hours on school nights) were randomized to one week of typical sleep (TS; usual school schedule) and sleep extension (EXT; ≥1-hour additional time in bed) in counterbalanced order with a 1-month washout between conditions. Home monitoring of actigraphy-estimated sleep and light exposure was assessed during both weeks. Hourly in-laboratory evening/morning dim-light salivary melatonin samples were obtained and onset (DLMOn) and offset (DLMOff) were calculated following each condition. Sleep duration increased by 1.37 hours (95% CI: 1.09, 1.66; p<0.001), bedtimes advanced by 1.40 (95% CI: -1.75, -1.06; p<0.001), and waketimes did not significantly change (p=0.055) during EXT compared to TS. There was no change in DLMOn or DLMOff following EXT (both p>0.05). The DLMOn-sleep onset phase angle narrowed by 0.72 hours (95% CI: -1.39, -0.07; p=0.04) during EXT. Light exposure within 2-hours of bedtime was significantly higher during EXT compared to TS (23.37 vs. 7.73 lux; p=0.048). Sleep extension did not change melatonin onset or offset but may have increased circadian alignment. Further research should evaluate the addition of specific strategies to improve circadian timing such as morning bright light in combination with sleep extension.

Tired and out of control? Effects of total and partial sleep deprivation on response inhibition under threat and no-threat conditions.

Sleep deprivation may impair top-down inhibitory control over emotional responses (e.g., under threat). The current study examined behavioral consequences of this phenomenon and manipulated the magnitude of individuals' sleep deficit to determine effect thresholds. Twenty-four healthy human participants were provided with 0hr, 2hr, 4hr and 8hr of sleep opportunity and, subsequently, performed a bimanual anticipatory response inhibition task under threat and no-threat conditions. Behavioral responses (button presses) and surface electromyography (EMG) from task effectors were collected to examine going and stopping processes. Bayesian analyses revealed that compared to 8hr sleep, go trial accuracy was reduced with 0hr sleep. Stopping speed was reduced with 0hr and 2hr of sleep, as evidenced by longer stop-signal delays, but only in a selective stopping context. None of the outcome measures were impacted with 4hr sleep. Under threat, go trial accuracy was maintained, whilst responses were slightly delayed and characterized by amplified EMG-bursts. Stopping speed was increased under threat across both stop-all and selective stopping contexts. No evidence was observed for interactions between sleep and threat. Sleep deprivation negatively affected response inhibition in a selective stopping context, with stopping speed reduced following a single night of ≤ 2hr sleep. Performance-contingent threat improved response inhibition, possibly due to a prioritizing of stopping. No evidence was observed for increased threat-related responding after sleep deprivation, suggesting that sleep deprivation and threat may impact inhibitory control via independent mechanisms.

The Application of Sleep Deprivation Combined With Chloral Hydrate on Pediatric Dermatological Surgery.

In small dermatological surgeries for infant and child patients, it is required that the child be in a quiet state. However, general anesthesia not only requires the participation of professional anesthesiologists for surgery but also has a high cost and anesthesia risks. Parents have a low acceptance rate. At present, chloral hydrate combined with local anesthesia for sedation has been widely used in various pediatric examination and treatment projects. To retrospectively analyze the impact of sleep deprivation on pediatric dermatological surgery performed under local anesthesia following chloral hydrate enema. A retrospective review was conducted on 280 pediatric patients who underwent dermatological surgery or tissue pathology biopsy from September 2022 to March 2023. The study analyzed the success rate of local anesthesia following chloral hydrate enema under different states of wakefulness and whether the surgical processes for infants and toddlers were conducted smoothly. Among the 215 patients who underwent sleep deprivation, the successful completion rate of the surgery reached 87%. By contrast, only 29.2% of the 65 patients who did not experience sleep deprivation completed the surgery. The patients' vital signs remained stable throughout the surgery, and no adverse reactions occurred when the patients were awakened 30 minutes to 1 hour after the surgery. Sleep deprivation in infants and toddlers can enhance the anesthetic and immobilization effects in dermatological surgery, significantly reducing the patients' negative emotions, such as crying and fear, increasing the patient's cooperation during the surgery, and improving parental satisfaction. The clinical operation is convenient and thus worth promoting extensively.

Randomised placebo-controlled trial of triclofos versus melatonin for sedating children undergoing sleep EEG

ObjectiveTo determine the efficacy of addition of melatonin or triclofos to sleep deprivation as compared with sleep deprivation with placebo for conduct of successful sleep electroencephalogram (EEG) among children between...

The impact of sleep deprivation on the functional connectivity of visual-related brain regions

BackgroundSleep deprivation(SD) is known to impair cognitive function and emotional regulation, however, its specific effects on the functional connectivity of visual-related brain regions remain unclear. ObjectivesThis study aimed to investigate the impact of 36-h acute sleep deprivation on functional connectivity in visual neural circuits and its relationship with cognitive and emotional changes. MethodsSixty healthy male participants were assessed before and after 36 h of sleep deprivation using resting-state fMRI, the Psychomotor Vigilance Task (PVT), the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), and the Profile of Mood States (POMS). Functional connectivity changes were analyzed using paired t-tests and False Discovery Rate (FDR) correction. Key resultsSleep deprivation significantly altered functional connectivity between the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, and visual processing regions. These changes correlated with slower PVT reaction times, increased subjective sleepiness (ESS), and emotional disturbances (POMS), including heightened tension and reduced self-esteem. ConclusionsThe findings suggest that acute sleep deprivation impairs cognitive performance and emotional regulation by changing functional connectivity in key brain regions. These results may strengthen our understanding of neurobiology of SD and its potential negative effects.

Associations between Sleep, Energy Balance and Obesity Markers over 6 Months in Black Emerging Adults - Pilot Study Findings from the Sleep, Health Outcomes and Body Weight (SHOW) Study.

Insufficient sleep (short sleep duration and poor sleep quality) is associated with obesity risk. Emerging adults (ages 18-28 years) have a greater risk of excess weight gain and insufficient sleep, and these risks are higher in Black individuals. Using a measurement burst design, we assessed associations between sleep with energy balance components and obesity marker changes over 6 months in 15 Black emerging adults (12 females; age 21±2.5 years; body mass index 25.7±4.5 kg/m2; body fat 25.8±11.9%). Since our sample was predominantly female (80%), we repeated our analyses for females only. Participants completed the following measurements at baseline (BLN) and 6 months later (6MO): 7 days of actigraphy-based sleep and physical activity energy expenditure (EE) and 2 nights of in-home polysomnography-based sleep; resting EE and thermic effect of food with indirect calorimetry; ad libitum energy intake (EI) via self-reported methods over 4 days and directly measured over 3 days with provided meals. Body weight (2.6 kg, p=0.01) and waist circumference (2.4 cm, p=0.03) increased from BLN to 6MO. Changes in actigraphy-based sleep duration were associated with changes in body weight (β=0.03, Standard error (SE)=0.02, p=0.04) and fat mass (β=0.07, SE=0.03 p=0.03) in females only. Greater rapid eye movement sleep duration was associated with increases in resting EE (β=2.24, SE=0.84, p=0.02). Greater slow-wave sleep was associated with increases in self-reported EI (β=18.34, SE=4.7, p<0.01). Sleep may impact components of energy balance and risk of weight gain in Black emerging adults. Additional research is needed to confirm our pilot findings.

The correlation of shift work and CLOCK, BMAL1, and PER1 gene polymorphisms with hypertension in healthcare workers: A cross-sectional study

This study aimed to investigate the polymorphisms of circadian clock genes and the association of shift work and gene polymorphisms with hypertension in healthcare workers. This study recruited 222 healthcare workers, of whom 76 had primary hypertension (Hyp group) and 146 served as controls (Control group). General information and working hours were collected through questionnaires. Next, the identification of specific single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) loci related to the Circadian locomotor output cycles kaput (CLOCK), brain and muscle arnt-like 1 (BMAL1), and PER1 genes was conducted by literature and PDGene database search. Venous blood samples were then collected for DNA extraction, and polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism techniques were used to analyze the genotyping and allele frequency of the SNP sites. Finally, multivariate logistic regression was employed to analyze the association between various risk factors and hypertension in healthcare workers. Compared to the control group, the Hyp group had significantly higher proportions of alcohol consumption and family history of hypertension, while the average sleep duration and average exercise time were significantly lower. Shift work analysis showed that the Hyp group had a significantly lower average number of evening shifts per month while a much higher average number of night shifts per month compared to the control group. The GG genotype at the CLOCK rs1801260 locus was associated with a lower risk of hypertension (OR = 0.446), and the TT genotype of the BMAL1 rs11022775 locus also showed a similar protective effect (OR = 0.426). However, the genotype distribution of the PER1 rs2735611 locus was not significantly associated with the risk of hypertension. Multivariate regression analysis revealed that a family history of hypertension and insufficient sleep were significantly associated with the risk of hypertension, and the average number of night shifts per month was positively correlated with the risk of hypertension. Specific polymorphisms in the CLOCK and BMAL1 genes may have a protective effect against hypertension in healthcare workers, while polymorphisms in the PER1 gene are not significantly associated with the risk of hypertension. Additionally, a family history of hypertension, insufficient sleep, and shift work patterns may be significant risk factors for hypertension.

Aberrant intra-network resting-state functional connectivity in chronic insomnia with or without cognitive impairment

Chronic insomnia (CI) is a common sleep disorder in middle-aged and elderly individuals. Long-term sleep deprivation can lead to physical, mental, and cognitive damage. Resting-state networks (RSNs) in the brain are closely linked to cognition and behavior. Therefore, we investigated changes in RSNs to explore behavioral and cognitive abnormalities in middle-aged and elderly CI patients. Resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) and independent component analysis were used to study the intrinsic functional connectivity (FC) of the RSNs in 36 CI patients (20 CI with cognitive impairment (CI-I) patients and 16 CI without cognitive impairment (CI-N) patients) and 20 healthy controls (HC). Two-sample t-tests were used to compare RSNs differences between CI and HC groups and the RSNs differences between CI-I and CI-N groups. Partial correlation analysis was used to explore the relationship between the significant abnormal brain regions in RSN and clinical scales. Compared with HCs, CI patients showed significant differences in multiple RSNs, and FC values in two brain regions within RSNs were correlated with clinical scales. Furthermore, compared with CI-N group, CI-I group also showed significantly altered FC in multiple RSNs. Moreover, FC values in the right middle frontal gyrus within right frontal parietal network of CI-I patients were negatively correlated with the Mini-Mental State Examination scores. These results may explain hyperarousal, decreased attention and motor function impairments in CI patients. Furthermore, the aberrant alterations of RSNs in CI-I patients may play a crucial role in the onset and progression of cognitive impairment in CI patients.

Sleep deprivation in dementia comorbidities: focus on cardiovascular disease, diabetes, anxiety/depression and thyroid disorders.

Sleep disturbances are a significant concern in individuals with dementia, affecting their overall health and quality of life, as well as that of their family members and caregivers. Dementia, a progressive neurodegenerative condition marked by cognitive decline, often coexists with various comorbidities such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, obesity, anxiety/depression and thyroid disorders. These comorbidities can further impair cognitive function and complicate the clinical management of dementia, making it essential to address them in a holistic manner. This review critically examines the complex interplay between dementia and its associated comorbidities, with a special focus on the prevalence and impact of sleep disturbances. Sleep problems in dementia patients are not only common but also contribute to a faster progression of cognitive decline and increased burden on caregivers. The article explores the mechanisms by which these comorbidities, including cardiovascular conditions and metabolic disorders, exacerbate sleep disturbances and cognitive impairment in dementia patients. By synthesizing recent research findings, the review highlights the importance of identifying and managing modifiable risk factors for sleep disturbances in dementia. Integrated treatment approaches that address both cognitive and sleep-related challenges are essential for improving patient outcomes. The review also underscores the need for further research to develop targeted interventions that can effectively manage sleep disturbances in dementia, thereby enhancing the quality of life for both patients and caregivers. Understanding the relationship between dementia, comorbidities, and sleep disturbances is crucial for the development of comprehensive care strategies. This review aims to inform healthcare professionals about the current state of knowledge and encourage the implementation of evidence-based practices in dementia care.

Exposing 24-hour cycles in bile acids of male humans

Bile acids are trans-genomic molecules arising from the concerted metabolism of the human host and the intestinal microbiota and are important for digestion, energy homeostasis and metabolic regulation. While diurnal variation has been demonstrated in the enterohepatic circulation and the gut microbiota, existing human data are poorly resolved, and the influence of the host circadian system has not been determined. Using entrained laboratory protocols, we demonstrate robust daily rhythms in the circulating bile acid pool in healthy male participants. We identify temporal relationships between bile acids and plasma lipids and show that these relationships are lost following sleep deprivation. We also highlight that bile acid rhythmicity is predominantly lost when environmental timing cues are held constant. Here we show that the environment is a stronger determinant of these temporal dynamics than the intrinsic circadian system of the host. This has significance for the intimate relationship between circadian timing and metabolism.