Restoration Of Architectural Monuments Research Articles

ИСТОРИЯ ОСУЩЕСТВЛЕНИЯ РЕМОНТНО-РЕСТАВРАЦИОННЫХ РАБОТ АРХИТЕКТУРНОГО КОМПЛЕКСА ДОНСКОГО МУЖСКОГО МОНАСТЫРЯ В 2013–2021 ГГ.

The article is devoted to the comprehensive scientific restoration of architectural monuments and historical necropolis located on the territory of one of the most famous monasteries of the country – the Donskoy Stavropegial men's Monastery. The problem of the preservation of stone sculpture (marble, limestone, sandstone, granite) in an aggressive acid-alkali environment, exposed to the open air is raised. It sets out the main restoration principles and methods applied to specific monuments, as well as lists the types of work consistently undertaken by restorers to save architectural objects on the example of the Old (Small) Cathedral, the Church of Michael Archangel (the Tomb of the Golitsyns), towers, a monastery bath of the XVIII century, as well as works of monumental art, artistic tombstones of the old Don cemetery. It is especially noted that many tombstones made by outstanding masters have given the Don Necropolis the fame of the Open Air Museum. The special value of his collection is emphasized, it is possible to study architectural styles, to learn Russian history, to study complexes of monuments of cult, civil, fortification architecture, objects of monumental art and archaeological heritage, as well as to explore the latest types and methods of restoration work. The restorers have been working diligently for many years to restore the entire ensemble. The information presented in the article may be useful for restorers-practitioners and historians- ethnographers.

СУСПІЛЬНО-ГЕОГРАФІЧНА ОЦІНКА ПРОБЛЕМ ТА ПЕРСПЕКТИВ РОЗВИТКУ ТУРИЗМУ У МІСТІ ВОЛОДИМИР, УКРАЇНА

This article is devoted to the socio-geographic assessment of the problems and prospects of tourism development in the city of Volodymyr. The choice of the case study city is due to the active processes of forming the brand of the city of Volodymyr, which have been observed in recent years, as well as its border economic and geographical location. The authors characterized the infrastructure of tourism as a factor in the development of the city territory, as well as considered modern approaches to the formation of the tourist attraction of the city territory. The article describes the methodical aspects of the evaluation of the city's tourist sphere, gives a detailed description of the tourist resources and tourist infrastructure of the city of Volodymyr, as well as reveals the essence of branding and promotion of the city. The article presents an assessment of the state of the tourist sphere of the city of Volodymyr by internally displaced persons, namely tourist facilities, transport, accommodation and catering facilities, ATMs, shopping centers and sanitary infrastructure facilities (public toilets). With the help of the SWOT analysis method, the authors identified promising directions for optimizing the city's tourist attractiveness and proposed a number of main guidelines for the strategic development of the city's tourist sphere: further development of cultural and historical tourism; development of tourist and related infrastructure; activation of advertising and image work at the international level to attract foreign guests; attraction of grant support for the development and restoration of architectural monuments; development of educational tourism. The conducted research proved that tourism as a branch of activity can act as one of the main effective factors of socio-economic development of the territory.

METHODS OF CONSTRUCTION OF FOUNDATIONS ON COMPLEX RELIEF

The article considers the preconditions and presents the results of substantiation and development of rational methods of construction of foundations on a complex relief in the conditions of reconstruction of urban development by the method of its compaction and rationalization. The developed methods are used for the conditions of restoration of architectural monuments and their complexes, as well as in general allow to provide comprehensive protection of adjacent urban areas from adverse factors of construction production. Comprehensive solution of problems of increasing the efficiency of construction processes and ensuring the stability of slopes in the construction of high-rise buildings with a developed underground part, as well as reducing the impact of dangerous landslides on adjacent areas and buildings, reducing noise and vibration on cultural heritage sites and natural complexes , accepted in the article as the main prerequisites for the justification and development of new technologies. Substantiation and development of methods of construction of foundations on difficult relief is performed on the basis of the results of statistical processing of actual data on the level of productivity of drilling equipment on the elements of slopes - top, middle part and foot of the slope.

The importance of heritage conservation in architectural education at university level

The subject of the article covers analyses of the methods and effects of architectural and conservation education at the university level on the basis of the research results of the Erasmus+ SURE project and our own experience in creating and implementing conservation curricula at the Faculty of Architecture of Wroclaw University of Science and Technology. The observations concerning the works sent to the Professor Jan Zachwatowicz International Competition (ICOMOS Poland), in which master's diploma projects on the protection and restoration of architectural monuments were evaluated, were presented as a comparative material. It is a place of confrontation of the effects of teaching in the majors of architecture and heritage conservation, which shows differences in systems and methods of teaching at universities. This made it possible to draw conclusions regarding education in the specialization of architecture and urban planning as well as to outline necessary program changes, some of which were successfully implemented in Poland in 2020, by introducing a new core curriculum.

O'ZBEKISTON ARXITEKTURASI YODGORLIKLARINI QAYTA TIKLASH

The article is about restorers who have devoted their lives to the study, restoration and promotion of architectural monuments of Uzbekistan. Also, examples from the experience of restoration are given.Uzbekistan is a country of ancient culture, whose monuments are living witnesses of the creative genius of the people. Since the 1920s, significant works on their restoration are presented here, during which a kind of restoration school was formed, which is more than 100 years old; in this important matter, a special place belongs to two leading specialists -restorers -M.F. Mauer and B.N. Zasypkin. The article tells about the scientific and creative activities and the legacy of these restorers.The significance of the article lies in the application of the results of the conducted scientific research of the activities of restorers and architects of Uzbekistan in the modern practice of the restoration of architectural monuments. Also, the presentation of scientific methods for restoration on the example of the works of M. F. Mauer, B. N. Zasypkin, L. Yu. Mankovskaya, I. I. Notkin contributes to the preservation of the architectural heritage of Uzbekistan

Scientific and practical aspects of preservation of architectural and urban heritage in the development of modern architectural and restoration education

The historical, theoretical, scientific and practical aspects of architectural and restoration activities, which have observed in the aspect of the formation and development of architectural restoration education in Ukraine are considering within the article. Training issues of restoration specialists of real estate consideration is an important area of architectural higher education due to the need to replenish personnel for the development of scientific-, design- and professional activity spheres. The interdependence of the spheres of science, practice and education is a necessary condition for the preservation of cultural heritage, which currently exists as one of the important indicators of the state's cultural policy. The problem of mastering the architectural and urban planning heritage consists in the need to consider two opposing tendencies: the protection of the primary uniqueness of an architectural monument and the development of a historical urban environment with the involvement of modern architecture techniques, as a result of which historical authenticity is gradually lost and the urban environment is acquiring an increasingly universal and international character. In contemporary architectural design this problem is solved at the stage of developing urban planning documentation and detailed plans for the territory of historical areas, considering the system of restrictions on architectural and urban planning activities in the protection zones of cultural heritage objects of different use modes. The educational programs of the KhNUCEA Department of Reconstruction and Restoration of Architectural Objects have been developed considering professional competencies, aimed at mastering the world experience of achievements in the field of architectural and restoration education while maintaining the traditions that have developed over the years of the architectural education existence in Kharkov. The Department of Reconstruction and Restoration of Architectural Objects, formed in 1996, has united in its team specialists with experience in scientific and practical activities in the areas of urban planning restoration, restoration of architectural monuments, architectural archeology, reconstruction of historical objects.

Reconstruction and restoration of monuments of white stone architecture on the example of the church of the Image of Edessa in Abramtsevo

The article deals with the topic of preserving the historical appearance of objects during the reconstruction and restoration of architectural masterpieces. The analysis of the historical experience of recreating samples of ancient Russian architecture with elements of sculptural white stone reliefs is carried out on the example of the group method of work of members of the Abramtsevo art circle, imitating the activities of the national art collective. Based on the analysis of historical experience in the framework of the Abramtsevo Art Circle and their own research, the authors have established the basic principles of reconstruction and restoration of architectural monuments. When conveying of white stone works as masterpieces of ancient Russian architecture, technological techniques must be based on the ideological basis of creating an emotional and artistic atmosphere of collective creativity of folk masters. During the reconstruction and restoration of white stone architecture, it is also necessary to reproduce the natural irregularities of the walls themselves as a stylistic and functional feature of the historical time, designed to give originality to ancient buildings, taking into account the specifics of the perception of the relief of the walls of the monument as a similarity to the terrain.

КУЛЬТУРНЫЙ ТУРИЗМ НА СЕЛЬСКИХ ТЕРРИТОРИЯХ: РЕСУРСЫ, ПРОБЛЕМЫ, ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ

Rural tourism is widely used to activate rural areas. However, the development of tourism in rural areas should not be narrowed down only to this type of tourism. Cultural tourism is promising in this regard. The purpose of this study (using the example of the North- West of Russia) is to assess the resource potential of cultural tourism in rural areas, to identify main problems and prospects for its development. It is revealed that rural territories have a sufficient number of cultural heritage sites suitable for exhibition (hereinafter CHS). 70% of all CHSs of the North-West of Russia are located in rural areas. Of the total number of CHSs in rural areas, 13.4% are of federal importance. The regularity of obtaining a greater effect from cultural tourism in places with a high density of CHSs has been established. The most promising rural areas for cultural tourism have been identified. The resources of cultural tourism on Kizhi Island (Republic of Karelia) and in the village of Izborsk (Pskov region) are considered in detail. The positive practice of activating cultural tourism on the example of the Izborsk fortress has shown the presence of a multiplicative effect for the development of rural areas. However, the development of cultural tourism is hindered by the difficult transport accessibility of the CHSs, insufficient level of their quality condition and limited budget funds intended for the restoration of architectural monuments. The content of the official websites of a significant part of cultural tourism objects does not contribute to the formation of their image and creation of a brand. Prospects for the development of cultural tourism are associated with solving these problems by preservation of existing and creation of new subsidy mechanisms, attraction of private capital.

ГРАДОСТРОИТЕЛЬНАЯ РОЛЬ ДВОРЦОВ КУЛЬТУРЫ ЛЕНИНГРАДА ПЕРВОЙ ТРЕТИ ХХ ВЕКА НА ПРИМЕРЕ ПЕТРОГРАДСКОГО И ВАСИЛЕОСТРОВСКОГО РАЙОНОВ

In Russia, the experience of restoration of architectural monuments of the twentieth century totals only a few decades, and this process turned out to be complex and contradictory. It becomes obvious that, in comparison with the history of classical restoration, the “new heritage” requires the formation of its own restoration methodology. During the restoration and reconstruction of the Palaces of Culture of the first third of the twentieth century, it is necessary to take into account the characteristics of the building itself and the urban planning situation. The Palace of Culture, as a special type of building, must be studied in its historical environment. All Leningrad Culture Palaces are designed as important elements of urban planning regional centers. The placement of the Palace of Culture in the district structure was carefully selected based on the urban planning situation and with the aim of creating a new cultural and planning center, and in some cases, an urban ensemble. This paper discusses the design and contemporary urban importance of the Palaces of Culture of the era of the avant-garde of the Petrogradsky and Vasileostrovsky districts of Leningrad (modern St. Petersburg), namely the Lensoviet Palace of Culture and the Palace of Culture named after S. M. Kirov. It is established that the Palaces of Culture in question are important elements of the urban planning ensemble in the compositional and spatial framework of the city and / or part of the architectural and urban planning complex of buildings of regional significance.

ПРОБЛЕМА РЕСТАВРАЦІЇ ЗАМКОВИХ РУЇН В КОНТЕКСТІ СТАНОВЛЕННЯ РЕСТАВРАЦІЙНОЇ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ

The article reveals the history of the restoration activity formation on the example of the castle ruins restoration in Ukraine and Europe during the 19th-20th centuries. Castles have been constantly transforming since their foundation. Each subsequent owner of the castle strengthened it, restored it after its destruction, made changes to the building architecture. And in the 19th century, an understanding of the value of such architectural objects was developed, and various methods for their preservation began to be proposed. Stylistic restorations are considered on the example of Trakai Island Castle (Lithuania) and Pierrefonds castle (France). Archaeological restorations aimed at conserving objects reflect the Upper Castle in Vilnius (Lithuania) and Heidelberg Castle (Germany). Scientifically based, the restoration is presented at facilities in Olesko Castle (Ukraine) and in Warsaw, Inovlodz (Poland). Woodstock Palace (England) is an example of the architectural monument destruction, and Tatar Tower of Ostroh Castle (Ukraine) is a symbol of a good future which is revealed in front of the castles in a state of long ruin. Positions on the restoration of architectural monuments have been analyzed by a number of scientists such as Eugène Emmanuel Viollet-le-Duc, Alois Riegl, Camillo Boito, Yan Zakhvatovich. It was the restoration of the castle ruins that sparked a discourse on how to preserve architectural monuments. After all, a castle is one of the most complex types of structures, including its structure, location, and function. Since the beginning of their founding, castles have been the subject to constant interference with their material structure, which in the 19th century became more important than their utilitarian purpose. The conservation method comes out on top, but it is often paired with fragmentary restoration. In any case, the object must function and be visited, regardless of whether it is compositionally complete or fragmentarily preserved, because the interest in it ensures its further existence.

НАСЛЕДИЕ ВЕЛИКОГО КНЯЖЕСТВА ЛИТОВСКОГО В СОВРЕМЕННОЙ БЕЛАРУСИ

The article examines issues related to the perception of the historical and cultural heritage of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in modern Belarus. It is emphasized that during the years of independence, interest in the history of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in Belarus has grown. The memory of the era of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania is preserved, including at the official level. As an example, the author points out the implementation of the state program “Castles of Belarus”. By the help of this program a number of projects for the restoration of architectural monuments of the period of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania were implemented. Another example of interest in this era is the construction of new monuments to outstanding figures of the period of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in different cities of Belarus. A special place in the historical memory of Belarus is occupied by Franciscus Skorina – a famous scientist, educator and printer of the first book in Belarusian language. However, not all heritage sites of the era of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania are equally perceived in Belarus. Thus, the symbolism of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania is, first of all, the coat of arms of “Pahonia”, which was one of the state symbols of Belarus in 1991–1995 – today it is practically not in demand at the state level and is used primarily by opposition political parties and social movements. The basis of the historical policy pursued by the leadership of Belarus remains the appeal to the Soviet experience. Nevertheless, it can be assumed that the era of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania occupies an important place in the historical memory of Belarusians and the interest in this period among the citizens of Belarus will gradually grow.

Инженерно-геологические аспекты реставрации памятников архитектуры

Инженерно-геологические аспекты реставрации памятников архитектуры

FORMATION OF THE RESTORATION SCHOOL IN UZBEKISTAN AND ITS ROLE IN PRESERVATION OF ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGE

The article considers the history of the origination of the restoration of the architectural heritage in Uzbekistan, the formation of a scientific methodology for the restoration of architectural monuments.Also, the article is devoted to the formation of the restoration school of Uzbekistan, information about the well-known architects-restorers and scientists who stood at the origins of the restoration work in the republic, such as M.F. Mauer, B.N. Zasypkin and others, as well as examples from their restoration practice is given in the article.The analytical method, generalization methods, systematization and practical experience were used in the article. In particular, the following were studied: (1) literature on the restoration of architecture in Uzbekistan, materials from the Central State Archives of Architecture of Uzbekistan, materials of the personal achieves of restorers; (2) practical experience of architects in the restoration of architectural monuments; (3) object of study: architectural heritage of Uzbekistan: minarets, mausoleums, mosques, madrasahs and other types of architectural objects; (4) subject of research: structures, domes, architectural decor of interiors and facades of monuments of architecture, as well as the activities of renowned architects-restorers and scientists of Uzbekistan.

ONTOLOGY OF THE TERM "PRINCIPLE OF COMPATIBILITY" IN RESTORATION DESIGNING

The article raises the question of the relevance of the terminological base of modern restoration design. As an example, the terms "compatibility" and "compatibility principle" are considered, their conceptual spaces are designated, the essence of the application of these terms is disclosed. The ontological and gnoseological aspects of the concept of "compatibility" are designated as the fundamental principle of restoration design on the basis of an analysis of the basic terminological definitions, derived from dictionaries, textbooks and scientific literature. Based on the analysis of linguistic differences of the concept of "compatibility" in Russian, English and Italian, the essential differences in the use of this term are revealed, as well as in the implementation of the "compatibility principle" in the restoration of architectural monuments. The problem of understanding the term "compatibility", depending on the country and language, on which the term is interpreted, is considered. The article suggests a new definition of the concept of "compatibility", recommended for inclusion in the vocabulary of the restorer-designer.

Облегченный упрочненный гипсовый камень для реставрации памятников архитектуры

Облегченный упрочненный гипсовый камень для реставрации памятников архитектуры

A CONCEPT OF ENGINEERING-GEOLOGICAL DIAGNOSTICS OF DEFORMATIONS OF ARCHEOLOGICAL AND CULTURAL MONUMENTS

To develop a well-grounded project of engineering restoration of an architectural monument with taking cause-and-effect relations into account, engineering-geological diagnostics plays an important role, making it possible to explain the observed deformations. The author believes that such diagnostics should become an independent part of engineering-geological investigations, should have its own methods and should be a basis for the geological component of engineering restoration of architectural monuments. This requires changing the technology of information acquisition for reliable diagnostics of the state of cultural heritage objects. Introducing these changes into the restoration practice will makes it possible to carry out adequate surveys of the technical state of architectural monuments and to study the reduction of the bearing capacity of their soil bases.

Determination of stress-strain state of the wooden church log walls with software package

The restoration of architectural monuments is going on all over the world today. The main aim of restoration is the renewal of stable functioning of building constructions in normal state. In this article, we have tried to figure out with special software the bearing capacity of log cabins of the Church of Transfiguration on Kizhi island. As shown in research results, determination of stress-strain stage with software package is necessary for the bearing capacity computation as well as field tests.

Decentralized Past: Heritage Politics in Post-Stalin Central Asia

By focusing on the preservation and restoration of architectural monuments, the article investigates instruments and strategies that post-Stalin governments of the Soviet Union used to manipulate public attitudes toward cultural heritage and points at the goals of their policy. It explores the farthest reaches of the Soviet Union, in the central Asian Soviet republics where preservation became the keystone of Khrushchev's, later Brezhnev's, larger cultural program to construct modern socialist nations within the framework of the Soviet Union. The author argues that voluntary preservation societies, which were promoted by the state to spur pride in local ethnic culture and channel the forging of a nationalist agenda, failed to achieve these goals. While it may be true that nineteenth-century nationalist movements in Western Europe and the United States produced strong preservation cultures, the central Asian cases prove that the reverse is not necessarily true: the imposition of preservation bureaucracies does not guarantee the production of nationalist aspirations.

Evgenii Vasil'evich Mikhailovskii's <em>The Methods of Restoration of Architectural Monuments</em>

Evgenii Vasil'evich Mikhailovskii's <em>The Methods of Restoration of Architectural Monuments</em>

The USSR's 1948 Instructions for the Identification, Registration, Maintenance, and Restoration of Architectural Monuments under State Protection

The USSR's 1948 Instructions for the Identification, Registration, Maintenance, and Restoration of Architectural Monuments under State Protection