Hours Of Rest Research Articles

NÍVEL DE LESÃO EM MEMBROS INFERIORES DE BAILARINOS CLÁSSICOS

A dança, na verdade, acompanha o homem desde sua aparição e em sua organização social. Foram diversas as formas pelas quais esta atividade se manifestava no homem, ele dançava como meio de comunicação, acasalamento, interação de grupos, relações, etc. O presente trabalho teve por objetivo, conhecer lesões ósseas – articulares mais comuns em bailarinos de dança clássica, decorrentes da forma de execução, quantidade de treino diários, especificamente do movimento e da Fadiga corporal, e tem como hipótese inicial a repercussão que existe na saúde do bailarino decorrente de uma temporada exaustiva de treinos de dança clássica. A pesquisa ocorreu no Ballet Releve no município de Picos Piauí, integrando 23 bailarinos de dança clássica. Os voluntários eram mistos sendo 4 meninos e 19 meninas, cujo foi estabelecido que a turma pratica 12 horas semanais de treino de dança, 100% da turma teve ao longo da sua carreira acadêmica um tipo de lesão. Dentro os bailarinos avaliados, apenas 9% estão com sobrepeso e 91% com o IMC normal. Entre os bailarinos entre 11 e 15 anos, 43% calçaram a primeira sapatilha aos 10 anos. Conclui-se que o período extremo de treino de dança clássica, a má alimentação, o esforço repetitivo de exercícios, e as horas de pouco descanso para o dançarino leva a uma fadiga corporal e a lesões ósseas – articulares.

Dural Tears During Lumbar Spinal Endoscopy: Surgeon Skill, Training, Incidence, Risk Factors, and Management.

Incidental dural tears during lumbar endoscopy can be challenging to manage. There is limited literature on their appropriate management, risk factors, and the clinical consequences of this typically uncommon complication. To improve the statistical power of studying durotomy with lumbar endoscopy, we performed a retrospective survey study among endoscopic spine surgeons by email and chat groups on social media networks, including WhatsApp and WeChat. Descriptive and correlative statistics were done on the surgeons' recorded responses to multiple-choice questions. Surgeons were asked about their clinical experience with spinal endoscopy, training background, the types of lumbar endoscopic decompression they perform by approach, the decompression instruments they use, and incidental durotomy incidence with routine lumbar endoscopy. There were 689 dural tears in 64 470 lumbar endoscopies, resulting in an incidental durotomy incidence of 1.07%. Seventy percent of the durotomies were reported by 20.4% of the surgeons. Eliminating these 19 outlier surgeons yielded an adjusted durotomy rate of 0.32. Endoscopic stenosis decompression (54.8%; P < .0001), rather than endoscopic discectomy (44.1%; 41/93), was significantly more associated with durotomy. Medium-sized dural tears (1-10 mm) were the most common (52.2%; 48/93). Small pinhole durotomies (less than 1 mm) were the second most common type (46.7%; 43/93). Rootlet herniations were seen by 46.2% (43/93) of responding surgeons. The posterior dural sac injury during the interlaminar approach (57%; 53/93) occurred more frequently than traversing nerve-root injuries (31.2%) or anterior dural sac (23.7%; 22/93). Exiting nerve-root injuries (10.8%;10/93) were less common. Over half of surgeons did not attempt any repair or closure (52.2%; 47/90). Forty percent (36/90) used sealants. Only 7.8% (7/90) of surgeons attempted an endoscopic repair or sutures (11.1%; 10/90). DuralSeal was the most commonly used brand of commercially available sealant used (42.7%; 35/82). However, other sealants such as Tisseal (15.9%; 13/82), Evicel (2.4%2/82), and additional no-brand sealants (38; 32/82) were also used. Nearly half of the patients (48.3%; 43/89) were treated with 24-48 hours of bed rest. The majority of participating surgeons (64%; 57/89) reported that the long-term outcome was unaffected. Only 18% of surgeons reported having seen the development of a postoperative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-fistula (18%;16/89). However, the absolute incidence of CSF fistula was only 0.025% (16/64 470). Severe radiculopathy with dysesthesia; sensory loss; and motor weakness in association with an incidental durotomy were reported by 12.4% (11/89), 3.4% (3/89), and 2.2% (2/89) of surgeons, respectively. The incidence of dural tears with lumbar endoscopy is about 1%. The incidence of durotomy is higher with the use of power drills and the interlaminar approach. Stenosis decompression that typically requires the more aggressive use of these power instruments has a slightly higher incidence of dural tears than does endoscopic decompression for a herniated disc. Most dural tears are small and can be successfully managed with mechanical compression with Gelfoam and sealants. Two-thirds of patients with incidental dural tears had an entirely uneventful postoperative course. The remaining one-third of patients may develop a persistent CSF leak, radiculopathy with dysesthesia, sensory loss, or motor function loss. Patients should be educated preoperatively and reassured. 3.

어선원노동협약 비준의 필요성과 입법론적 연구

The Work in Fishing Convention, 2007 aims to ensure and improve good working and living conditions, such as working conditions, accommodation facilities and food, occupational safety and health, medical management and social security for fishers. It is of great significance that the internationally unified labor standard for the minimum of fisher has been adopted. Recently, the Korean government has conducted related research to improve the working conditions of fishing crews, and is very interested in ratifying the Convention. In this paper, a survey of current situation and questionnaire survey and analysis for the fishing industry was carried out, and based on this analysis, when the Convention was accepted, it could have a big impact on the industry of fisheries, or there was a difference between the contents of the Convention and the contents of the Korea national laws and regulations, so that the matters that need to be amended were identified and analyzed, and revision of Seafarers’ Act regarding definition, application, minimum age and rest hours, etc. and its subordinate ordinance was proposed.

Engineering of a Blocking Layer Structure for Low-Lag Operation of the a-PbO-Based X-Ray Detector

Direct conversion flat panel detectors are of great significance to the field of medical X-ray imaging since they offer imaging performance and diagnostic capabilities not achievable with other methods. Currently, mammographic direct conversion detectors employ a layer of amorphous selenium (a-Se) photoconductor. Although its properties ideally fit the requirements of mammography, where “soft” X-rays are used, a-Se cannot be used in high-energy X-ray procedures. To extend the diagnostic capabilities of the direct conversion detectors, amorphous lead oxide (a-PbO) is proposed as an alternative photoconductor. It is a high effective atomic number material and thus has a higher X-ray stopping power over the wide X-ray energy range. a-PbO is, therefore, a suitable candidate for applications in radiography, fluoroscopy, and digital tomosynthesis. Here, we report on the development of a blocking structure with a polyimide (PI) layer needed to maintain low dark current at high electric fields. We demonstrate that a 1- $\mu \text{m}$ -thick PI blocking layer allows the operation of the detector at strong electric fields (≥10 V/ $\mu \text{m}$ ) while suppressing the dark current to an innocuous level (< 1 pA/mm2). It also improves temporal performance by reducing signal lag. No ghosting effect was observed at exposure rates up to 1 R/s; however, at high radiation levels, the detector’s sensitivity degraded. This degradation is not permanent as the detector restores its original sensitivity after several hours of rest in the dark without bias applied.

The Correlation of Sleep and Academic Performance

The essence of sleep is to keep life in balance, ensuring that energy used during day time will also be replenished by resting at night. However, when sleep is interrupted and unable to achieve a blissful rest, it may compromise the health and unfolding tasks that teenagers need to accomplish. Young adults need at least 8 to 10 hours of sleep. Thus, grade 12 Science, Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, and Mathematics (STEAM) students from Silliman University Senior High School in the Philippines answered the online questionnaire on sleep deprivation, which correlates with sleep with academic performance. For nearly eight hours, these respondents in school were swamped with several academic tasks even after class hours leaving so little time to sleep. While this study reveals that sleep deprivation may affect academic performance, the study obtains 95% confidence that respondents show a mean between 6.85 hours and 7.40 hours 6. This indicates the respondents may occasionally lack 1 to 2 hours of sleep from the required average of 8 to 10 hours of rest. Also, it illustrates no linear correlation between the number of hours of sleep and the general average. This further demonstrates that students can sacrifice a portion of their sleep to have their desired grades and be accustomed to the lack of sleep and difficult academic tasks. Aside from that, 17 respondents are not sleep deprived. At the same time, 70% have partial sleep deprivation where most of their time is spent studying for exams, doing school projects, using social media, and video gaming. The top three outcomes of sleep deprivation are exhaustion, fatigue, and pessimism and succeeded by health risks, as well as a decline in thinking. Thus, to minimize having debt in sleep is to have time management, establish a comfortable sleeping environment, and less time on social media. The study concludes that there is no correlation between sleep and academic performance.

Workplace Environment and its Impact on the Quality of Life of Employees

The workplace is an arranged area which is provided by the company in order to achieve its goal. An arranged area can be defined as the layout of a work space which suits the nature of the job or task that is to be performed. Environment, as we know, is the sum total of all factors that are present in the surroundings. Workplace environment includes the workplace culture, the interpersonal relationships, the atmosphere prevailing in the organizations, attitude of superiors and colleagues, level of organizational politics prevailing, physical facilities offered to employees like cabins, ventilation, lightening, rest hours, workstations etc. All these factors have a significant impact in maintaining the quality of life of employees either positively or negatively. Quality of life is influenced by an individual’s physical and mental health, the degree of independency, the social relationship with the environment, and other factors (Ruževičius, 2012; Shin, 1979) . An organization has possibilities to increase its employee’s quality of life and loyalty by improving the working conditions and environment. This paper will address Workplace Environment and quality of life of employees.

BEKERJA DI PERUSAHAAN AGRIBISNIS KOPI: MASALAH DAN SOLUSINYA

The development of coffee agribusiness companies has triggered job opportunities for the workforce. The presence of labor is expected to meet company demand. However, over time there are company decisions that cause problems for the workforce, so that workers do their work less optimally. The purpose of this study is to identify the work problems faced by workers while working at PT. Rimbun Jaya Abadi and provide alternative solutions to overcome them. This study used a qualitative research design with a case study approach. The analysis tool used is a fishbone diagram. The research location was determined purposively. The results of this study indicate that there are work problems experienced by the personnel so that their performance is less than optimal. The lack of presence of the division head and poor communication ultimately affects the regulation of working hours, rest hours, work wages, double instructions, as well as lack of basic training for workers so that it does not work well. This causes the workforce to be less optimal in doing work and tends to be less satisfied with what has been obtained from the company. On the other hand, the company also feels the workforce's performance is not good because the demands and targets are not met. Communication needs to be improved in order to improve relations so that they can be better in the future.

A Standardized Buffalo Concussion Treadmill Test Following Sport-Related Concussion in Youth: Do ActiGraph Algorithms Matter?

Current recovery guidelines following sport-related concussion (SRC) include 24-48 hours of rest followed by gradual return-to-activity with heart rate (HR) maintained below symptom threshold. Additionally, the monitoring of physical activity (PA) post-SRC using ActiGraph accelerometers can provide further objective insight on amounts of activity associated with recovery trajectories. Cut-point algorithms for these devices allow minute-by-minute PA to be classified into intensity domains; however, studies have shown different algorithms employed on the same healthy participant dataset can produce varying classifications. To identify the most physiologically appropriate cut-point algorithm (Evenson or Romanzini) to analyze ActiGraph data in concussed youth with comparisons to HR response on the Buffalo Concussion Treadmill Test (BCTT). Prospective cohort study. Sport-concussion clinic within a university setting. Eleven high-school students (5 male, 6 female; median [range] age =16 years [15-17], height = 177.8 cm [157.5-198.1], weight = 67 kg [52-98], body mass index = 22 kg/m2 [17-31]) involved in high-risk sport who sustained a physician diagnosed SRC. Evenson and Romanzini algorithm PA intensity domains via ActiGraph data and HR during the BCTT. There were differences in moderate (P = .001) and vigorous (P = .002) intensities between algorithms, but no difference in light (P = .548). Evenson classified most of the time as moderate intensity (57.03% [0.00-94.12%]), whereas Romanzini classified virtually all PA as vigorous (88.25% [2.94-97.06%]). PA based on HR (stages 1-7: 20-39% HR reserve (HRR), stages 8-13: 40-59% HRR, stages 14 and above: 60-85% HRR) indicated the BCTT primarily involves light-to-moderate intensity, and therefore is better represented by the Evenson algorithm. The Evenson algorithm better characterizes the HR response during a standardized exercise test in concussed individuals and therefore should be used to analyze ActiGraph PA data in a concussed paediatric population.

Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy With Practical Rest-Times for Battery Management Applications

The State of Charge (SoC), State of Health (SoH), and State of available Power (SoaP) of Lithium-Ion Batteries (LiB) are critical quantities which cannot be measured but must be estimated by Battery Management Systems (BMS) instead. A technique known as Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) provides a non-destructive way of measuring battery impedance, offering detailed insight into the battery state of operation. Several challenges must be solved in to utilize EIS as part of the BMS, including the defining of operating conditions at which to perform the sensitive EIS measurement. In laboratory conditions, several hours of rest are used to ensure a stable response of the battery, but such rest times are impractical for BMS applications. This paper proposes a methodology combining drift compensation and a Voigt-circuit used as a filter to obtain valid EIS data with short rest times under different operating conditions. Extensive tests were conducted on lithium nickel manganese cobalt (NMC) batteries to evaluate the methodology and show how the different operating conditions impact the rest time required for valid EIS measurement. The results show that rest times between 5 and 30 minutes can be used to obtain useful EIS data for a wide range of operating conditions.

Representations of Colombian Andean farmers on climate change and mitigation and adaptation strategies

Abstract: This article presents the findings of research conducted in a rural community located in Norte de Santander Department, Colombia, on farmers' representations of the impacts of climate change. The analysis of the behavior of temperature and average rainfall in the period 1985-2015 was put together concerning the local knowledge of the farmers. The approach was developed through 56 multiple choice questions surveys done to 144 producers intentionally selected from a group of 1,933 farmers, analyzed with descriptive and inferential statistical techniques. The findings indicate a broad opinion by farmers of the effects of climate change due to the gradual increase in temperature that causes changes in the bimodal system and intensity of rainfall; reduction in agricultural and livestock production, product quality and quantity; intensification of pest and disease attacks; reduction in water sources and water quality; extinction and migration of species of flora and fauna; and effects on the family’s comfort during work and rest hours, health and hygiene. Likewise, local strategies and the participation of public institutions in the mitigation and adaptation to climate change are evident.

57 Effects of rest period prior to processing on growth and performance during the receiving period in feedlot heifers

Abstract Cattle feeders work to decrease the severity of transport stress. The objective of this experiment was to determine how the time of rest prior to processing impacts subsequent performance in feedlot heifers during the receiving period. Eighty mixed-breed heifers (250 ± 4.2 kg BW) were purchased at live auction in Oklahoma City, OK and transported to the Kansas State University Manhattan. Heifers were allotted in a completely randomized design to one of four treatments, then processed at 0, 6, 24, or 48 hours after arrival. After all cattle were processed, they were placed in individual pens, where daily DMI, refusals, and health outcomes were evaluated twice daily. Cattle were individually weighed on d 0, 14, and 35. Data were analyzed using the GLIMMIX procedure of SAS (v. 9.4, Cary, NC). Time of processing did not impact (P &amp;gt; 0.10) heifer body weight or ADG. Overall, there was a linear inverse relationship between DMI and time at rest (P = 0.027) from d 0 to 14. The same pattern was observed overall, from d 0 to 35 (P = 0.027). Time of rest prior to processing impacted (P = 0.038) the proportion of heifers that reached a target of 2.5% DMI per BW by 14 days after arrival (25, 60, 53, and 24% of cattle with 0, 6, 24, or 48 hours of rest, respectively). While G:F and morbidity did not differ among treatments (P &amp;gt; 0.10), mortality increased linearly (P = 0.026) with increasing time of rest. This study suggests that allowing feedlot heifers to rest after arrival for more than 24 hours before processing may negatively affect subsequent DMI, but without substantially altering body weight or ADG in calves fed in individual pens; additional research in traditional feedlot group-housed pens and environment is warranted to further evaluate these effects.

Work and rest hours of employees

At the conference, within the framework of the occupational safety improvement program, a summary of information on all necessary breaks for employees, the organization of regulated breaks was considered, and planned changes in the legislation on work and rest regimes were discussed. Lysak Alena Petrovna, the speaker of the conference, an expert in the field of labor protection, director of the training department of SMARTA LLC, talks about the regulatory requirements and legislative initiatives.

Factors associated with psychoactive substance use among truck drivers

Abstract Introduction The World Health Organization's report shows a growing concern about drug use and road safety worlwide. Objectives To identify sociodemographic, health and occupational characteristics associated with use of psychoactive substances among truck drivers. Methods This is a cross-sectional study conducted with 354 drivers from January to June, 2016. Data collection was based on a multidimensional questionnaire that included the Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST-WHO) and the Self Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20) instruments. The hierarchical approach was adopted for odds ratio (OR) adjustment. The variables that showed statistical significance with p ≤ 0.10 in the bivariate analyzes were selected for the multiple logistic regression analysis performed in the IBM SPSS software (v.19.0). Results The use of psychoactive substances in the last three months was associated to low family per capita income (OR, 2.59; 95%CI, 1.23-5.47) and poor self-reported health (1.96; 1.16-3.32), self-reported insomnia (2.9; 1.73-4.87), Common Mental Disorders (3.05; 1.62-5.75) and illness-related absenteeism (1,70; 1.02-2.85). Regarding work characteristics, the use of psychoactive substances in the last three months was observed among those with less than 15 years of work (1.78; 1.07-2.94), daily work journey longer than 6h/day (2.83; 1.69-4.74) and with less than 6 hours of daily rest (1.88; 1.12-3.14). Conclusions The results showed worrying vulnerability factors associated with the use of psychoactive substances among truck drivers in Brazil. Key messages The survey of 354 truck drivers described the vulnerability and risk factors, which are exposed, as inadequate work conditions associated with the use of psychoactive substances. It showed a greater chance of at least the use of one of the substances (alcohol, cocaine, amphetamine), among truck drivers and the importance in the development of public policies for this worker.

Ship first: Seafarers’ adjustment of records on work and rest hours

The article explores the recordkeeping practices of seafarers concerning the implementation of work and rest hours' regulations. In particular, it considers what motivates seafarers to hide their violations through record adjustment. The research adopted a qualitative research methodology to understand this industry problem, involving the use of semi-structured interviews. These were conducted with 20 seafarers to analyze their recording practices and adjustment of records. The participants underline that the imbalance between workload and manning levels leads to recurrent violations, particularly during port-related operations and for seafarers on the 6On/6Off watch system. To hide their violation and feign compliance, the data revealed that almost all seafarers in our study adjusted work and rest hours' records. The fear of the consequences of non-conformities during third party inspections is the main driver for such adjustment of records. Employment concerns and job insecurity tend to make seafarers submissive to the companies' interests, and they place the ship interests first. Flag State, Port State, and shipping companies seem to disregard violations and adjustments. Therefore, adjusting records seems a low-risk option for seafarers. However, systematic adjustment of records points to failures of the International Safety Management (ISM) Code and its audit system. In many cases, seafarers accept unfavorable work conditions and embrace the ethos of ‘ship first’.

Nutritional education through recreational activities as an entertainment tool in Hotel businesses

Food, with its different flavors, is introduced into a child’s life by the family and through nutritional education. Recreational activities also give children the ability to understand what to eat, and how to eat it. Due to the high demand for tourist accommodation that focuses on the family segment, the tourist trade, particularly hotel business, is hiring more employees in the recreation and leisure sector, in order to assist children and parents who want to enjoy a few hours of carefree leisure and rest. This article aims to show that recreational activities that provide nutritional education can be developed by hotel businesses as a form of children’s entertainment, stimulating creativity, teamwork, imagination, interpersonal relationships, the comfort of parents, along with an improvement in dietary habits. This study involves applied, exploratory, descriptive and bibliographic research, with a quantitative analysis to evaluate the level of children's satisfaction, using a visual 3-point Likert Scale. As an action strategy, we organized lectures with fun activities. We conclude that activities associated with nutritional learning are accepted by children as a means of socialization and entertainment, making them tools for use in accommodation establishments, as a recreational activity aimed at encouraging healthy eating.

The Effectiveness of Congklak Traditional Games on Students with Emotional and Behavioral Disorder

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of traditional Congklak games on students with emotional and behavioral disorder social interactions in SLB E Bhina Putera. The study used a Single Subject Research (SSR) design. The person as a research subject is AS class III students. Based on the observation, AS shows some examples of its communication with the classmates that is sunken, rarely talk with friends, ignore the teacher's orders, always seen alone on rest hour. The results shows an increase in social interaction through the traditional game of Congklak. With all that set, it can be concluded that the use of Congklak traditional games can have a positive effect on the social interaction of students with emotional and behavioral disorder in SLB E Bhina Putera Surakarta.

Locomotion replacement exercise cannot counteract cartilage biomarker response to 5 days of immobilization in healthy adults.

Biomarkers of cartilage metabolism are sensitive to changes in the biological and mechanical environment and can indicate early changes in cartilage homeostasis. The purpose of this study was to determine if a daily locomotion replacement program can serve as a countermeasure for changes in cartilage biomarker serum concentration caused by immobilization. Ten healthy male subjects (mean ± 1 standard deviation; age: 29.4 ± 5.9 years; body mass: 77.7 ± 4.1 kg) participated in the crossover 5-day bed rest study with three interventions: control (CON), standing (STA), and locomotion replacement training (LRT). Serum samples were taken before, during, and after bed rest. Biomarker concentrations were measured using commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) levels after 24 hours of bed rest decreased independently of the intervention (-16.8% to -9.8%) and continued to decrease until 72 hours of bed rest (minimum, -23.2% to -20.6%). LRT and STA did not affect COMP during bed rests (P = .056) but there was a strong tendency for a slower decrease with LRT (-9.4%) and STA (-11.7%) compared with CON (-16.8%). MMP-3 levels decreased within the first 24 hours of bed rest (CON: -22.3%; STA: -14.7%; LRT: -17%) without intervention effect. Both COMP and MMP-3 levels recovered to baseline levels during the 6-day recovery period. MMP-1, MMP-9, and TNF-α levels were not affected by immobilization or intervention. COMP and MMP-3 are mechano-sensitive cartilage biomarkers affected by immobilization, and simple interventions such as standing upright or LRT during bed rest cannot prevent these changes. Clinical significance: simple locomotion interventions cannot prevent cartilage biomarker change during bed rest.

Management of Incidental Durotomy: Results from a Nationwide Survey Conducted by the French Society of Spine Surgery

To obtain real-life data on the most common practices used for management of incidental durotomy (ID) in France. Data were collected from spinal surgeons using a practice-based online questionnaire. The survey comprised 31 questions on the current management of ID in France. The primary outcome was the identification of areas of consensus and uncertainty on ID follow-up. A total of 217 surgeons (mainly orthopaedic surgeons and neurosurgeons) completed the questionnaire and were included in the analysis. There was a consensus on ID repair with 94.5% of the surgeons considering that an ID should always be repaired, if repairable, and 97.2% performing a repair if an ID occurred. The most popular techniques were simple suture or locked continuous suture (48.3% vs. 57.8% of surgeons). Nonrepairable IDs were more likely to be treated with surgical sealants than with an endogenous graft (84.9% vs. 75.5%). Almost two thirds of surgeons (71.6%) who adapted their standard postoperative protocol after an ID recommended bed rest in the supine position. Among these, 48.8% recommended 24 hours of bed rest, while 53.5% recommended 48 hours of bed rest. The surgeons considered that the main risk factors for ID were revision surgery (98.6%), patient's age (46.8%), surgeon's exhaustion (46.3%), and patient's weight (21.3%). This nationwide survey reflects the lack of a standardized management protocol for ID. Practices among surgeons remain very heterogeneous. Further consensus studies are required to develop a standard management protocol for ID.

Factores que afectan el proceso de toma de decisiones médicas en salas de emergencia de hospitales

Introducción: Durante el proceso de la toma de decisiones pueden ocurrir errores médicos, esto se observa en ambientes de alta presión, principalmente los que cursan con una mayor responsabilidad a la salud humana. El problema de los errores médicos por problemas en la toma de decisiones se encuentra asociados a una alta carga laboral, corto tiempo para la realización de las actividades inherentes al trabajo, falta de dominio del área de trabajo, comunicación inadecuada y cooperación en equipo deficiente o inexistente, llevando a niveles subóptimos en la toma de decisiones.&#x0D; Objetivo. Identificar los factores que intervienen en la toma de decisiones por parte del personal médico que trabajan en el área de emergencias en hospitales de segundo nivel de atención en 2 provincias de la zona centro del Ecuador.&#x0D; Materiales y Métodos: Se presenta un estudio cualitativo, observacional, descriptivo. Se realizan entrevistas a personal médico que trabaja en áreas de emergencia de la zona centro del Ecuador. Total, de participantes 40 profesionales de la salud (médicos).&#x0D; Resultados: Un total de 40 encuestados fueron incluidos en el estudio; se realizó un registro de datos sociodemográficos en las encuestas. La edad media de los participantes fue de 29,8 años con una DE = 29,8 ± 4,35. Los médicos que se encuentran laborando en salas de emergencia en un 75% son profesionales jóvenes con 1 a 4 años de experiencia dentro de la profesión, trabajan turnos de 24 horas, con una atención en promedio de 90 pacientes por guardia, llegando en algunos casos 10% de los encuestados a prestar atención hasta 120 pacientes. Las horas de descanso dentro de la guardia están en un promedio de 4 horas en 24 horas. Todos los encuestados concuerdan con indicar que el trabajo en área de emergencia puede ser más demandante que el trabajo en cualquier otra área del hospital no solo por la cantidad de pacientes, la diversidad y complejidad de las patologías que se atienden lo cual incide directamente en el tiempo de atención.&#x0D; Conclusiones: El número de pacientes atendidos en los servicios de emergencias y la complejidad de las patologías que presentan los pacientes en las salas de emergencia son factores que inciden directamente en el proceso de toma de decisiones en diagnóstico y tratamiento por el poco tiempo que tienen para el proceso de atención médica, debido a la alta demanda de atención Se requiere de políticas que mejoren las condiciones de trabajo para los profesionales de la salud, con una evaluación cuidadosa de las cargas de trabajo y tiempos de ejecución de las mismas para disminuir la posibilidad de errores en el diagnóstico y/o tratamiento de los pacientes.

Comparison Of Warm-Up Strategies On Internal And External Rotation Mechanics In Collegiate Pitchers

Rotator cuff strains are the most common musculoskeletal injury in collegiate baseball pitchers. A variety of warm-up routines are employed, the effects of these routines on the subsequent function of the rotator cuff lack comparison. PURPOSE: To test the effect of four different warm-up routines on internal (IR) and external rotation (ER) shoulder kinematics. METHODS: Seven D1 collegiate pitchers were enrolled in an experiment involving four testing sessions. Each session began with one of four warm-up protocols: 1) Jaeger bands (JB), 2) standard dynamic warm-up (DW), 3) Jaeger bands and standard dynamic warm-up (JBDW), or 4) dynamic warm-up using collinear resistance (CR). Immediately after the warm-up, athletes underwent biomechanical analysis of internal and external shoulder rotation using Proteus (Proteus Motion, USA). They performed 12 repetitions of each motion using 5lb of 3D magnetic resistance. 48 hours of rest separated each session. The assigned sequence of protocols was counter-balanced. Proteus software computed peak power in watts (w), peak force development rate in watts/second, range of motion in meters (ROM), consistency (the ability to replicate ROM in three-dimensional space), and endurance (replication of power parameters in successive repetitions). A one-way repeated measures ANOVA was used. RESULTS: Subjects were 20.4±1.4 years of age. Across all conditions, peak power was 96.3±13.7 w in IR and 99.3±15.7 w in ER; peak force development rate was 387.7±118.5 w/sec in IR, and 418.7±195.6 w/sec in ER. Differences were detected in the four warm-up conditions in peak power (CR highest; p=0.015), peak force development rate (CR highest; p=0.072), and ROM (CR highest; p=0.015). No difference was found in deceleration (p=0.336), consistency (p=0.903), or endurance (p=0.769). External rotation was different in the four warm-up conditions in peak force development rate (CR highest; p=0.045). No statistical difference was found in power (CR was highest, but did not reach significance; p=0.104), deceleration (p=0.520), consistency (p=0.478), endurance (p=0.145), or ROM (p=0.543). CONCLUSION: The simulated dynamic warm-up using three-dimensional resistance elicited the best subsequent function, follow up studies should examine mechanisms that produce this difference.