Rest Control Research Articles

Mindful bridge: Brief mindfulness practices alter negative emotion transmission and cooperative performance in parent-adolescent dynamics.

Parent-adolescent emotion transmission is crucial for adolescents' psychological development. Parental negative emotions could impair parent-adolescent interaction and relationships. Brief mindfulness practices (BMPs) are effective for improving emotional regulation and reducing negative emotions. However, few studies explored the effects of BMP on parent-adolescent negative emotion transmission. This study used the hyperscanning technique to examine the differences in the change of emotional states, cooperative performance, and interbrain synchrony (IBS) between the BMP group (20 parent-adolescent dyads) and the control rest (CR) group (20 parent-adolescent dyads) under induced parental negative emotions in cooperation interaction tasks. Results showed (1) decreases in negative emotions, hostility, and state anxiety in the BMP group after BMP, but only negative emotions decreased in the CR group after rest; (2) an increase in the success rate in the BMP group after BMP, but no change in the CR group after rest; and (3) decreases in IBS in the delta and theta bands in success feedback and increases in IBS in failure feedback in the BMP group after BMP, but no change in the CR group after rest. These findings suggest that BMP may mitigate parental negative emotion transmission to adolescents and promote their focused attitude toward cooperation.

Acute Modulatory Effects of Apple Cider Vinegar, Garlic, Ginger, Lemon and Honey Mixture, with and Without Exercise on Postprandial Glycemia in Non-Diabetic Females

Postprandial hyperglycemia is independently related to cardiovascular disease. Garlic, ginger, lemon, honey and apple cider vinegar are known to have anti-glycemic properties. However, the effectiveness of combination of these natural products on reducing postprandial glycemia is uncertain. The aim of the present study was to investigate the glucoselowering effect of a novel mixture consisting of apple cider vinegar, garlic, ginger, lemon, and honey; alone and in combination with exercise in response to a high-carbohydrate meal in non-diabetic individuals. Ten, female subjects (mean age: 25 ± 2.67 years, mean BMI: 22.6 ± 3.5 kg/m2 ) participated in this randomised, cross-over intervention consisting of four trials: control (CON), mixture only (MIX), exercise only (EX), and exercise + mixture (EX-MIX). All trials involved consumption of a high-carbohydrate breakfast, then followed by rest in CON, consumption of natural product mixture in MIX, brisk-walking exercise in EX, and combination of mixture and exercise in EX-MIX. Blood glucose was measured at fasting, and at 30, 60, 90, 120 minutes post meal. Postprandial glucose response was calculated as area under the glucose curve. Two-way repeated measures ANOVA showed a significant group and time interaction (p < 0.001). Compared to CON, postprandial glucose responses were 8%, 13% and 15% lower in MIX (p = 0.049), EX (p = 0.001) and EX-MIX (p = 0.005) respectively. Postprandial glucose was 8% lower in EX-MIX compared to MIX (p = 0.002). In conclusion, consuming natural product mixture containing garlic, ginger, lemon, honey and apple cider vinegar reduced postprandial glycemia to a certain extent, however, combining mixture with exercise produced a greater attenuation effect compared to consuming mixture alone. This finding is indicative of a potential benefit of the novel mixture as a complementary management of hyperglycemia in high-risk individuals. DOI : http://dx.doi.org./10.17576/JSKM-2018-15

Acute Modulatory Effects of Apple Cider Vinegar, Garlic, Ginger, Lemon and Honey Mixture, with and Without Exercise on Postprandial Glycemia in Non-Diabetic Females

Postprandial hyperglycemia is independently related to cardiovascular disease. Garlic, ginger, lemon, honey and apple cider vinegar are known to have anti-glycemic properties. However, the effectiveness of combination of these natural products on reducing postprandial glycemia is uncertain. The aim of the present study was to investigate the glucoselowering effect of a novel mixture consisting of apple cider vinegar, garlic, ginger, lemon, and honey; alone and in combination with exercise in response to a high-carbohydrate meal in non-diabetic individuals. Ten, female subjects (mean age: 25 ± 2.67 years, mean BMI: 22.6 ± 3.5 kg/m2 ) participated in this randomised, cross-over intervention consisting of four trials: control (CON), mixture only (MIX), exercise only (EX), and exercise + mixture (EX-MIX). All trials involved consumption of a high-carbohydrate breakfast, then followed by rest in CON, consumption of natural product mixture in MIX, brisk-walking exercise in EX, and combination of mixture and exercise in EX-MIX. Blood glucose was measured at fasting, and at 30, 60, 90, 120 minutes post meal. Postprandial glucose response was calculated as area under the glucose curve. Two-way repeated measures ANOVA showed a significant group and time interaction (p &lt; 0.001). Compared to CON, postprandial glucose responses were 8%, 13% and 15% lower in MIX (p = 0.049), EX (p = 0.001) and EX-MIX (p = 0.005) respectively. Postprandial glucose was 8% lower in EX-MIX compared to MIX (p = 0.002). In conclusion, consuming natural product mixture containing garlic, ginger, lemon, honey and apple cider vinegar reduced postprandial glycemia to a certain extent, however, combining mixture with exercise produced a greater attenuation effect compared to consuming mixture alone. This finding is indicative of a potential benefit of the novel mixture as a complementary management of hyperglycemia in high-risk individuals. DOI : http://dx.doi.org./10.17576/JSKM-2018-15

THE EFFECT OF EXERCISE INTENSITY ON ERYTHROPOIETIN LEVELS FOLLOWING ACUTE EXERCISE IN TRAINED RUNNERS 496

To expand our knowledge of the potential effects of endurance exercise on erythropoiesis, we examined the effects of high- and low-intensity running on plasma erythropoietin (EPO) levels in 10 well-trained runners. Using a repeated measures design, we compared high-intensity (90-92% VO2max) intermittent running (HI-bout), low-intensity (60% VO2max) steady state running (LO-bout), and a resting control (REST). The exercise bouts were 60 minutes in duration and were estimated to have equal energy expenditure. At six time points (pre, post, 4 hr, 12 hr, 24 hr, and 48 hr post exercise) we measured hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (Hct), red blood cell count (RBC), and EPO. Means for [Hb] and [EPO] are listed in the table. Although there was an apparent hemodilutional effect following the exercise treatments resulting in decreased [Hb] and Hct values post-exercise, no significant differences were found between treatments for [EPO]. These findings suggest that neither moderate or vigorous acute exercise alters erythropoietin in trained athletes. # Significantly different than the 24 Hr REST and LO-bout values. *Significantly different than the 48 Hr REST value.

The role of stretch-based relaxation in the treatment of chronic neck tension

This study examined the efficacy of stretch-based relaxation as compared to tenserelease progressive relaxation procedures for the reduction of muscle tension in persons reporting chronic neck pain. Stretch-based relaxation offers an alternative to the tenserelease methods when such approaches are contraindicated or not well-suited to patient needs. In the present study, 60 subjects reporting frequent and significant muscle tension or pain in the neck and shoulder areas were assigned randomly to one of three experimental groups: stretch-based relaxation (SR), tense-release relaxation (TR), or resting control (RC). After baseline psychological and physiological evaluation, subjects were exposed to a mental stressor. Following the stressor, subjects either performed one of the relaxation procedures or rested quietly. At the end of the relaxation or rest period, psychological and physiological data were again gathered. Results showed that persons in the SR condition reported significantly greater muscle tension reductions and demonstrate lower left (L) trapezius EMG activity than persons in the TR or RC conditions. Peripheral skin temperature increased following the procedures in the SR condition; in the TR and RC conditions, skin temperature declined. These results are discussed in terms of the potential roles that stretch-based techniques may play in fostering relaxation.

Further evidence for the existence of an “organismic” set point in rats with dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus lesions (DMNL rats): Normal catch-up growth

The present study was performed to assess the capacity of rats with dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus lesions (DMNL rats) and sham-operated controls (CON) for catch-up growth following body weight (b.wt.) reduction prior to DMNL (and sham-lesion) production. Male SD rats (45 days, 157±1.3 g) were maintained for 11 days ad lib (ADLIB) after arrival and then divided into two groups. One group continued to feed ADLIB, the other group was fed half of the ration eaten by ADLIB rats for 32 days. At this point each group was divided into two subgroups. One subgroup received DMNL, the other subgroup consisted of CON. From then on all rats were fed ADLIB [except for one group of CON that was pair-fed to the ADLIB DMNL rats (PF-CON) for 37 days (69th day of experiment) and then killed. DMNL rats lesioned at normal b.wt. (ADLIB DMNL) showed a precipitous drop in food intake, b.wt. and efficiency of food utilization (EFU). In striking contrast, rats that had received DMNL after b.wt. restriction (REST DMNL) and were then refed ADLIB showed a dramatic rise in food intake, b.wt., change in b.wt. and EFU, the latter being almost twice that of the ADLIB DMNL. Notably, the PF-CON weighed less than the ADLIB CON and utilized food poorer than ADLIB CON, REST CON and ADLIB DMNL. Liver weight (both absolute and relative (per kg 3 4 b.wt.) was reduced in DMNL irrespective of dietary treatment. In contrast, testes weights were higher in ADLIB DMNL than in ADLIB CON in both absolute and relative terms; this difference was not evident in REST DMNL vs. REST CON. However, the testes of the PF-CON were heavier than those of the ADLIB. Weights of kidneys and epididymal fat pads were reduced in REST DMNL vs. REST CON but not in ADLIB DMNL vs. ADLIB CON. Relative weights were normal among the groups, as was carcass protein. Notably, the PF-CON group had less carcass fat than the REST CON, all other group values being comparable. Restriction of b.wt. prior to DMNL evidently promotes rapid adjustments that are almost identical in magnitude to those in CON. Despite reduced food intake and ponderal and linear growth, the DMNL rat is competent to regulate its new body weight and to adjust it after severe b.wt. reduction prior to lesion production. In conjunction with previous data this suggests the existence of an “organismic” set point.

Effects of glucose versus fructose ingestion on blood glucose concentration during rest and exercise

Ten healthy, nondiabetic male subjects (18–35 yrs.) ingested either fructose, glucose, or a sham solution in doseage of 0.75 gms/kg body weight, and were assigned to the rest or exercise group (80% VO 2 max for 30-min). Subjects participated in all six treatments which were: Fructose-Exercise (FE), Glucose-Exercise (GE), Control-Exercise (CE), Fructose-Rest (FR), Glucose-Rest (GR), and Control-Rest (CR). Blood samples were drawn immediately prior to ingestion, 30-min post ingestion (immediately prior to initiation of rest or exercise), and then at 10, 20, and 30 min into the rest or exercise bout. All samples were analyzed for glucose. Both GE and FE treatment initially elevated blood glucose levels (GE 57.0±9.8%, FE 25.0±6.5%). Once exercise was initiated following glucose ingestion, blood glucose declined very rapidly and ended below baseline (−5.1±6.5%). Following FE treatment, blood glucose declined initially in the first 10-min of exercise, but then increased significantly as exercise continued (25.3±13.3%). These results suggest, many of the frequently observed symptoms of fatigue related to hypoglycemia during endurance exercise events might be avoided with fructose ingestion prior to competition.