Responsibilities Of Members Research Articles

US Higher Education's Civic Responsibility to Educate for Informal Political Representation

AbstractIn this paper, Caitlin Murphy Brust and Hannah Widmaier begin with the assumption that highly selective institutions of higher education in the United States have a duty to promote civic equality. They employ Wendy Salkin's theory of informal political representation to examine how highly selective institutions should go about promoting civic equality. According to Salkin's theory, someone serves as an informal political representative (IPR) when they speak or act on behalf of others, without having been selected to do so via a systematized selection procedure. Brust and Widmaier argue that as part of their civic educational missions, highly selective institutions should educate their students for informal political representation, and this includes equipping students to (1) serve as effective IPRs, (2) be responsible audience members to others' informal political representation, and (3) deliberate carefully and with open‐mindedness about when they should or should not take on the role of IPR. Brust and Widmaier examine two types of injustice that students from marginalized communities face at highly selective institutions, and they explore how education for informal political representation might ameliorate those injustices. The authors conclude by offering some practical suggestions to institutional policymakers and educators.

Using Problem-Based Learning to Boost Social Studies Performance: Classroom Action Research in Grade 5 at SD INPRES 3 Talise

The role of education in developing effective problem solvers, critical thinkers, and responsible members of society is of great importance. This research deals with the low performance in social studies subjects caused by the continued application of conventional teaching models. The aim of this study is to improve the learning outcomes of grade V students in social studies subjects at SD INPRES 3 Talise by applying the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) model. This classroom action research was conducted in two cycles, following the Kemmis and McTaggart model, involving 22 students from grade V. Data were collected through tests, observations, and interviews, then analysed quantitatively and qualitatively. Initial observations revealed that only 36.36% of students achieved the learning objectives with an average score of 50.90. The implementation of PBL involved the collaborative planning, action, observation, and reflection phases. The results demonstrated significant improvements in student engagement and learning outcomes. The average score increased, and the percentage of students who achieved the learning objectives rose significantly, respectively from 63.63 in cycle I to 81.59 in cycle II. However, the average score did not yet reach the KKM. Furthermore, the percentage of completeness has also increased, namely in cycle I by 59.09% and cycle II by 86.36%. This research demonstrates that PBL can effectively enhance the quality of social studies education by fostering learning.

Life Skills Education: Equipping Individuals for the Enigmatic World

Traditional academic achievement is no longer the only measure of success in today’s world of fast change. Education in life skills has become an essential part of holistic learning, giving people the tools they need to deal with the challenges of daily living. The debate surrounding integration into existing education systems is addressed, emphasizing the need for fostering active participation and critical thinking. Life skills education, when effectively integrated, empowers individuals to become well-rounded, adaptable and responsible members of society. This article explores the core components of life skills education, encompassing personal, social and citizenship skills. It highlights the many benefits, including improved academic performance, enhanced mental health and increased employability. It also discusses how to integrate life skills programmes into formal education systems successfully and looks at potential strategies for developing these crucial skills.

Fostering Democratic Values for the Future

delving into the subjects that contribute to the democratic values frame. We will investigate the active role of individuals in shaping cultural norms and emphasize the importance of their participation in manifesting democratic power within the state. Moreover, the study questions whether the education system effectively prepares the future generation to be responsible members of society. The paper starts with the concept of co-creation and assesses whether individuals are ready to understand or know its implications. It reviews the empowerment of individuals as active decision-makers in societal processes and their ability to critically reflect on social movements and evolution. Furthermore, the research explores whether the upcoming generation possesses values that enable them to reject or aspire to different ideologies. In addressing the relationship between individuals and civil society, the paper investigates when and how nongovernmentalorganizations play a role in the education of future generations' values. An essential aspect of the study is an analysis of the education system's contribution to promoting Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in Romania. The research evaluates whether citizens have the necessary values to protect and support a sustainable future. The methodological framework for the paper is structured around a combination of qualitative and quantitative research methods, such as literature and document review, content and comparative analysis, and a multidisciplinary approach to gather comprehensive insights. Through this comprehensive examination, the paper aims to contribute valuable insights and recommendations for enhancing Romania's preuniversity education system, strengthening civil society, and promoting a sustainable future.

NARRATIVE REVIEW OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY (ICT) INTEGRATION IN NIGERIAN SECONDARY SCHOOLS’ HOME ECONOMICS INSTRUCTION

This paper explores how Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) can revolutionize Home Economics education in Nigeria, particularly at secondary schools. ICT integration aligns with national policy goals of introducing students to technology and enhancing professional skills in Home Economics. Students can access a wealth of online resources, improving their knowledge of nutrition, healthy living, and sustainable home management. However, challenges like limited internet access, lack of ICT facilities, and inadequately trained teachers impede progress. Overcoming these hurdles requires collaboration. The government can invest in teacher training and infrastructure development, while schools can explore cost-effective solutions. Partnerships with communities and the private sector can further support ICT resource acquisition. The paper emphasizes the importance of teacher collaboration and localized digital content creation to enhance learning and cultural identity. By addressing challenges and implementing a multi-pronged approach, stakeholders can empower educators to leverage technology. Students equipped with both Home Economics knowledge and digital literacy skills will be prepared for the future, becoming informed consumers, responsible family members, and innovative contributors to society. Ultimately, ICT integration has the potential to transform Home Economics into a dynamic and engaging learning experience, empowering individuals and society to thrive in a technology-driven world

The Development of Civic Competence in Higher Education to Support a Sustainable Society: The Case of Latvian Higher Education

When examining the crucial role of civic competence in fostering sustainable societies, economies, and ecosystems, its significance for cultivating responsible and engaged citizens in our ever more interconnected global landscape must be recognized. Notably, education influences the development of civic competence throughout the learning experience at all levels of education. This research aims to explore the evolution of students’ self-assessment in terms of civic competence and its three subcompetences. The objective is to comprehend the present status of students’ self-assessments and explore their potential impact on the formation of a sustainable society. Data were collected for this study using an assessment tool elaborated in the ESF project “Development and Implementation of the Education Quality Monitoring System” for students’ generic competences. The tool, presented in a digital form using the QuestionPro platform, measures six generic competences, including civic competence. A total of 1166 bachelor’s degree students and 354 master’s degree students participated in this study, representing 22 Latvian higher education institutions. This study’s findings indicate that civic competence in the sample is considerably lower than the other generic competences measured, with a greater dispersion of results. The results also highlight specific areas within universities that require improvement during the learning process to cultivate individuals who are sustainable and socially responsible members of society.

Factors Affecting Teaching and Learning of Religious and Moral Education (RME) in Ghanaian Junior High Schools: A Case Study of C. B. Mensah SDA Junior High School

Religious and Moral Education (RME) has caught the attention and interest of Ghanaians from the past to our contemporary times. The subject seeks to enforce knowledge and values capable of making individuals responsible and resourceful members of society. In current times characterized by moral decadence, the need for religious and moral education has become a necessity. To realize the communal hope of making RME a lucrative and highly patronized course or subject in the education system in Ghana, it is necessary to look at the factors that affect the teaching and learning of RME in the country. This paper therefore sought to find out the significant factors that affect the teaching and learning of RME and the means to address such issues. A mixed approach was adopted in gathering the data from the C. B. Mensah Adventist Junior High School in the Ashanti Region of Ghana. The study revealed that the RME curriculum is facing some difficulties in Ghana. These include scarcity of textbooks and shortage of professional teachers in the subject area. The study recommended that the government, and other stakeholders involved in or patronizing education, should collaborate in addressing the challenges and implement sustainable measures for enhancing the teaching and learning of RME in Ghana. The study is relevant for teachers and learners alike because it contributes to knowledge development by serving as secondary material for future research and policymaking. It also serves as insight for the government, parents, teachers, religious bodies, educationists, counselors and other stakeholders in the educational sector. Keywords: Education, Religious and Moral Education, Religion, Morality, Teaching, Learning

Bimbingan Teknis Pendirian Koperasi Bagi Calon Anggota Koperasi di Kabupaten Garut

Community service through technical guidance for prospective cooperative members who wish to establish a cooperative is a very important program to provide knowledge and character formation for those who will later have to participate in the cooperative forum that will be formed. This technical guidance will be held on 21 and 22 October 2023 from 19.30 WIB to 11.30 WIB. The expected output, apart from the formation of solid and responsible management, supervisors and members, is the formation of a cooperative that carries out its services to members through the efforts required by cooperative members. Therefore, the presenters are experienced in theory and practice in cooperatives. The method provided in this Bimtek is by providing material in two directions and discussions related to cooperatives in practice and how to establish cooperatives. The topics given to prospective cooperative members will provide a deeper understanding of the implementation of the steps in establishing a cooperative from the initial stages to the formation of the cooperative.

Strengthening Case and Project Methods for Improvement Competencies of Vocational Students

Improving the quality of education is a challenging task. Schools serve as a pathway to prepare students to become responsible members of society. On the other hand, vocational schools focus on providing practical skills that can be useful in real life situations. Teachers play a crucial role in shaping the education process for students. In order to make students proficient in their respective fields of study, teachers carry out advocacy programs in classrooms. Community service activities are aimed at helping vocational school teachers enhance the quality of education by using project and problem-based learning. The implementation of these services is achieved through interactions and guidance on learning models for vocational school teachers. The results of this PKM activity have been overwhelmingly positive. Participants found the activity to be 100% useful, which helped them strengthen their competencies. The material presented was highly appropriate and of great quality.

Social Entrepreneurship In The New Economy Among The Younger Generation

Purpose: This essay aims to reconstruct young people's understanding of and attitude towards social entrepreneurship as a field of endeavour critical to developing crucial competencies in the New Economy. The study also aims to describe young people's perceptions of their willingness to participate in society and the current economy as agents.
 Design/methodology/approach: a diagnostic study (based on a so-called task catalogue) was carried out with a group of more than 500 students in Indonesian vocational high schools, senior high schools, and private schools, as well as three workshops with students from particular school types.
 Findings: According to the study, students are aware of the possibilities of engaging in social activism through broadly construed social entrepreneurship and third sector involvement. It was also proven that they are well cognizant of the opportunities and requirement for action in this regard. The materials that students have discussed transfer into skills required in the New Economy.
 Research limitations/implications: A lot of variables that could influence teenage behaviour must be taken into account in modern study. These difficulties will undoubtedly merit consideration throughout the formulation and creation of the research's tools in further in-depth studies.
 Practical implications: Young people's social entrepreneurship is constantly evolving, and even though its focus shifts (from shared management activities to civic engagement and social solidarity activities), it always refers to collaborative efforts on the cusp of economic and social reality. Young people's attitude towards carrying out duties that are beneficial to society is also evolving. Young people view them as a chance to address both societal issues and the difficulties posed by the postmodern world's transformations.
 Social implications: Young people are more conscious and involved citizens as well as more responsible future members of the New Economy thanks to the competencies they have acquired.
 Originality/value: The paper reconstructs the tools, strategies, and perspectives of young people towards the agency opportunities provided by social entrepreneurship. The knowledge that was gathered was examined in light of the project's competency-based competence issues.

Implications of DepEd Order No.49 s.2022 on Teachers and Students in the Accountancy and Business Management Strand at Balayan Senior High School

The Department of Education (DepEd) is the administrative agency entrusted with overseeing and managing the Philippine Basic Education System. Implementing Educational Policies, such as the DepEd Order, is crucial for shaping the direction and quality of education in our country. By implementing these Policies, students and young adults will be equipped with the essential skills, knowledge, and principles required to become educated, attentive, and responsible members of society. DepEd Order No.49, s.2022 is an Educational Policy issued by the Department of Education. Its objective is to enhance professionalism in the execution and provision of fundamental instructional programs and services. The objective of this policy is to promote the formulation of impactful and streamlined policies and initiatives.

EXPLORING MORALITY AMONG ORPHANS: A STUDY OF AKHLAQ AND SOCIAL STANDARDS IN PUSAT JAGAAN HEMBUSAN KASIH SAYANG

This study explores the Islamic perspective on the care and treatment of orphans, focusing on their moral development within an institutional setting. Islamic teachings emphasize the holistic welfare of orphans, advocating for their physical, emotional, and spiritual well-being. This notion is grounded in the Quran and Hadith, where caring for orphans is not only a moral obligation but a means to attain spiritual reward. The study employs a qualitative cross-sectional design, using self-report questionnaires distributed among 50 children at Pusat Jagaan Hembusan Kasih Sayang, Kuantan. The questionnaire assesses various aspects of morality ('akhlaq') in relation to God, guardians, peers, and daily life. Results show a strong adherence to Islamic practices among the children, such as prayer, Quran recitation, and fasting, reflecting their spiritual upbringing. Their interactions with guardians and peers demonstrate respect, assistance, and effective conflict resolution, aligning with Islamic values of empathy and social harmony. Daily habits like tidiness and honesty are indicative of the institution's success in instilling Islamic principles of cleanliness and integrity. The study highlights the significant role of institutions like Pusat Jagaan Hembusan Kasih Sayang in shaping the moral development of orphans. These institutions provide not only physical care but also moral and spiritual guidance, crucial for children lacking familial support. The findings suggest that integrating religious teachings into the upbringing of children fosters a strong moral compass, preparing them to be responsible and ethical members of society. Overall, this research underscores the potential of religious education in promoting moral and ethical values in young individuals and calls for its replication in other childcare and educational settings. Future research could explore the long-term societal impact of such upbringing and the challenges faced by caregivers and educators in reinforcing these values.

Prevention of Money Politics Through Education Politics in Indonesia

Objective: Corruption is a violation of people's social and economic rights which will have an impact or damage on the life of society and the state. The problem in this research is what is the legal politics of eradicating corruption? Then what about Political Education as a Form of Prevention of Money Politics in Indonesia? Method: This research uses a normative juridical research type with a statutory approach and a conceptual approach. Results: Efforts to prevent corruption are carried out with various actions that still refer to applicable regulations. Apart from that, efforts are made to eradicate corrupt practices without getting caught up in justifying the slightest corruption under the pretext of harmonizing community life and an integralistic mindset that denies violations, by linking it to cultural values and other paternalistic mindsets that deny abuses committed by parties who have power. Political education is an activity or activity that has the aim of forming moral values and political orientation in individuals. Political education encourages people to participate as responsible members of society in state politics. Conclusion: Political education is an activity or activity that has the aim of forming moral values and political orientation in individuals. Political education encourages people to participate as responsible members of society in state politics. Strict action against corruptors should have a positive effect on preventing corruption.

Social Entrepreneurship In The New Economy Among The Younger Generation

Purpose: This essay aims to reconstruct young people's understanding of and attitude towards social entrepreneurship as a field of endeavour critical to developing crucial competencies in the New Economy. The study also aims to describe young people's perceptions of their willingness to participate in society and the current economy as agents.
 Design/methodology/approach: In order to accomplish this, a diagnostic study (based on a so-called task catalogue) was carried out with a group of more than 500 students in Indonesian vocational high schools, senior high schools, and private schools, as well as three workshops with students from particular school types.
 Findings: According to the study, students are aware of the possibilities of engaging in social activism through broadly construed social entrepreneurship and third sector involvement. It was also proven that they are well cognizant of the opportunities and requirement for action in this regard. The materials that students have discussed transfer into skills required in the New Economy.
 Research limitations/implications: A lot of variables that could influence teenage behaviour must be taken into account in modern study. These difficulties will undoubtedly merit consideration throughout the formulation and creation of the research's tools in further in-depth studies.
 Practical implications: Young people's social entrepreneurship is constantly evolving, and even though its focus shifts (from shared management activities to civic engagement and social solidarity activities), it always refers to collaborative efforts on the cusp of economic and social reality. Young people's attitude towards carrying out duties that are beneficial to society is also evolving. Young people view them as a chance to address both societal issues and the difficulties posed by the postmodern world's transformations.
 Social implications: Young people are more conscious and involved citizens as well as more responsible future members of the New Economy thanks to the competencies they have acquired.
 Originality/value: The paper reconstructs the tools, strategies, and perspectives of young people towards the agency opportunities provided by social entrepreneurship. The knowledge that was gathered was examined in light of the project's competency-based competence issues.

Social Entrepreneurship In The New Economy Among The Younger Generation

Purpose: This essay aims to reconstruct young people's understanding of and attitude towards social entrepreneurship as a field of endeavour critical to developing crucial competencies in the New Economy. The study also aims to describe young people's perceptions of their willingness to participate in society and the current economy as agents.
 Design/methodology/approach: In order to accomplish this, a diagnostic study (based on a so-called task catalogue) was carried out with a group of more than 500 students in Indonesian vocational high schools, senior high schools, and private schools, as well as three workshops with students from particular school types.
 Findings: According to the study, students are aware of the possibilities of engaging in social activism through broadly construed social entrepreneurship and third sector involvement. It was also proven that they are well cognizant of the opportunities and requirement for action in this regard. The materials that students have discussed transfer into skills required in the New Economy.
 Research limitations/implications: A lot of variables that could influence teenage behaviour must be taken into account in modern study. These difficulties will undoubtedly merit consideration throughout the formulation and creation of the research's tools in further in-depth studies.
 Practical implications: Young people's social entrepreneurship is constantly evolving, and even though its focus shifts (from shared management activities to civic engagement and social solidarity activities), it always refers to collaborative efforts on the cusp of economic and social reality. Young people's attitude towards carrying out duties that are beneficial to society is also evolving. Young people view them as a chance to address both societal issues and the difficulties posed by the postmodern world's transformations.
 Social implications: Young people are more conscious and involved citizens as well as more responsible future members of the New Economy thanks to the competencies they have acquired.
 Originality/value: The paper reconstructs the tools, strategies, and perspectives of young people towards the agency opportunities provided by social entrepreneurship. The knowledge that was gathered was examined in light of the project's competency-based competence issues.

Correlation between Perfusion-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Features with Histopathological Grading of Glioma

Background: Gliomas are the most common primary neoplasm of the brain. It histopathologically grades I to IV. I and II are low grade while III, IV are high grade. Low-grade gliomas are usually subject to either strict follow-up or surgery. The treatment for high grade gliomas is typically surgery, followed by concomitant radiation therapy and chemotherapy. Conventional MRI has limitations for the grading of gliomas. In addition to conventional MRI techniques, a variety of new techniques such as perfusion-weighted MRI which noninvasively measures cerebral perfusion that can be used for better assessment of glioma. This will be helpful for therapeutic approach and counseling about prognosis of the patient. Methods: This cross sectional observational study was conducted in the Department of Neurosurgery, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University from IRB clearance to 18 months. The patients who fulfill the selection criteria were enrolled in this study. Written informed consent was taken from the patients and/or the legal guardian/ responsible family members after completely explaining to them the procedure and the purpose of the study. Patient’s data was collected in questionnaire/data collection sheet. The privacy of the patient was strictly maintained and the patient’s information will not be disclosed to any source. The study data will only be used for the purpose of this scientific study. This study was not causing any additional harm to the patients. All the patients were evaluated by a standard conventional contrast-enhanced study with perfusion-weighted image on Siemens 3 Tesla MRI. The histopathological grading of the tumor was done as per the WHO classification of 2007. Then correlation was done between PWI finding and WHO histopathological grading. Results: Measurement of relative cerebral blood volume in glioma patients was done in PW-MRI preoperatively. Out of the 35 tumors evaluated, 17 were found as low rCBV and 18 as high. Histopathological examination of glioma was done postoperatively. Among 35 tumors, 19 are low grade gliomas and 16 are high grade gliomas. For the correlation between relative cerebral blood volume in preoperative PW MRI and histopathological grading of glioma, Spearman’s Rank Correlation Coefficient Test was done. We found a significant positive coefficient value of r = 0.572 with a significant p-value of p = <0.001. A single cutoff relative cerebral blood volume value of 1.7 for low versus high grade glioma was found to be 77.8% sensitive and 88.2% specific. Conclusion: The present study ascertains that histopathological grading of glioma is positively correlated with relative cerebral blood volume in PW MRI. Bang. J Neurosurgery 2022; 12(1): 12-19

RELIGIOUS MODERATION IN THE CONTEXT OF ISLAMIC EDUCATION: A MULTIDISCIPLINARY PERSPECTIVE AND ITS APPLICATION IN ISLAMIC EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS IN INDONESIA

This research explores the multifaceted concept of religious moderation within the context of Islamic education in Indonesia. The study investigates four primary aspects: the foundational idea of religious moderation, its diverse perspectives and approaches, the implications of religious moderation in education, and its practical implementation in Islamic educational institutions. Various perspectives on religious moderation education, including theological-normative, sociological, anthropological, and cross-cultural communication perspectives, are examined in detail. Normatively, religious moderation education is guided by the concept of "wasathiyyah" (middle path) along with its defining characteristics. In the sociological aspect, the cultivation of religious moderation is achieved through socialization, fostering individuals to become responsible members of society and citizens who exhibit religious moderation in their social interactions. In the anthropological aspect, religious moderation education is realized through processes of acculturation, encompassing enculturation, socialization, and internalization. Furthermore, the communication aspect highlights the significance of cross-cultural communication as a means to promote religious moderation by facilitating middle-ground communication between diverse cultural backgrounds. The study also underscores the presence of religious moderation content within the scientific traditions of Islamic boarding schools and colleges, emphasizing the importance of preserving and enhancing this aspect. However, it is noted that there is room for improvement in the realm of madrasas, as they still need to strengthen their focus on religious moderation. This can be achieved through deliberate efforts in socialization and fostering a civilizing environment within the madrasah setting. Additionally, incorporating character moderation into the curriculum structure, hidden curriculum, and extracurricular activities is considered vital in nurturing religious moderation among students in madrasas. In conclusion, this research offers valuable insights into the comprehensive understanding and implementation of religious moderation in Islamic education within the Indonesian context. The findings presented here are significant for educators, policymakers, and practitioners seeking to promote a balanced and moderate approach to religious education in the country.

A Pragmatic Analysis of Regret Expressions in Selected Quranic Verses

Regret is a mental and psychological state, a natural feeling; a feeling of sadness that a person experiences when he realizes the consequences of a bad thing he did or a decision he made. Regret expressions in the Glorious Qur’an vary according to the situational contexts and to the extent to which the experiencer is undergoing; however, these expressions seem have to some degree the same deep structure since they all reflect the meaning of regret. This leads to the fact that regret expressions offer a fertile field of study where the deep meaning of such expressions is one but reflected in various linguistic forms in the surface structure. This paper hypothesizes that regret expressions in the Glorious Qur’an are of different categories; however, they share the same deep structure and can be expressed directly and indirectly via different linguistic expressions. Accordingly, this paper aims at verifying these hypotheses by adopting Searle’s model (1971) of speech act theory. The data analyzed consist of eight selected Qur’anic texts. The analysis is achieved by interpreting the Qur’anic text, showing the type of regret, then decide the type of the speech acts found in these texts. The results of analysis and the conclusions prove the viability of the model adopted, verify the hypotheses, and achieve the aims of the study. Studying the speech act of regret can have important pedagogical implications for language learning and communication. By developing their pragmatic competence, critical thinking skills, and emotional intelligence, EFL learners can become more effective communicators and responsible members of their communities.

Multilayered and Interacting Course Design Approach in Architecture Education: A Case of Building and Construction Technology Courses and Studios

Building and construction technology education is a crucial component of architecture education, providing knowledge on tools and methods for designing and realizing building designs. While it provides knowledge as an input to other disciplines, it is also supported by the knowledge the other courses offer. On the other hand, these multilayered and interacting relations within the fields of architecture education may not be well-reflected in education curriculums, or implementation problems may occur. However, designing the architecture education curriculum based on these interacting relationships directly affects the education quality and educational outcomes. Within this respect, the AGU Department of Architecture provides a flexible curriculum design, which aims to provide experience in research and design during undergraduate architecture education and raise responsible team leaders or members. Therefore, building and construction technology courses of the curriculum are designed following the paths of the department’s and the university’s educational principles to engage all architecture disciplines with a multilayered and interacting approach. This paper explains the course design approach developed for and experienced with building and construction technology courses by aiming to contribute to the architectural design education literature from the technology education perspective. It sets forth the instructional design models and teaching methods used for designing the building and construction technology courses and also explains the course interactions within the curriculum.

Kurikulum Merdeka dan Pengaruhnya pada Perkembangan Moral Anak SD : Sebuah Kajian Literatur

The Merdeka Curriculum can play an important role in the moral development of students. By giving students the freedom to manage the course of learning, this curriculum encourages students to become individuals who are responsible for their own learning. In the process, students can be invited to consider the moral consequences of the actions and decisions they take. They can learn to understand the impact of their actions on themselves, others, and the environment. The purpose of writing this article is to provide information about the independent curriculum and its influence on the moral development of elementary school children. The writing method is a literature review taken from various articles related to the discussion. Through a literature review, it was found that in the implementation of an independent curriculum, they can develop a wider moral awareness and become responsible and moral members of society.