Responsibility Of Media Research Articles

Fashion, beauty and media

This introduction considers how the four research articles in this issue address the relation of fashion and/or beauty with media: specifically, the ‘older’ media of journalism and film, and ‘new’ media such as video blogs and TikTok. All of these venues have the capacity to communicate various visual and verbal concepts, with different relations to their audiences. The emergence of newer, digital platforms has disrupted the extent to which media can dictate visual codes and narratives, opening up fragmented and decentralized spaces where multiple, often conflicting, discourses of fashion and beauty coexist. These platforms also potentially articulate alternative beauty ideals and subcultural fashion trends that challenge the hegemonic standards of older media. At the same time, the responsibility of older media to foster ethical journalistic standards and social justice awareness to their audiences becomes intensified. The articles in this volume represent these potentialities for both older and newer media.

The Legal System Construction of the Right of Response under the Civil Code System

In the era of self-media, news infringement cases are frequent, and the right to respond provides a solution to balance the freedom of media expression with the interests of citizens' personality rights. The right of reply system in various countries is expanding in response to the changes in media forms, but China has not established a right of reply system. Based on Article 1028 of the Civil Code, the right of reply in the era of self-media is defined as providing relief for citizens' reputation, urging media responsibility, alleviating court pressure, and optimizing social supervision. Based on the characteristics and functions of this right, drawing from the legislative experiences of foreign countries such as Germany and the United States, further arrangements are made for China's right of reply system in terms of the subject of rights, subject of obligations, conditions for exercise, and methods of exercise, mainly limiting public power organs and their officials as the subject of rights, including self-media as the subject of obligations, distinguishing response content into facts and opinions as conditions for exercise, and choosing equal and effective response methods based on different media forms. Regulating the right of reply according to the principle of proportionality, exploring the injunctive relief system of personality rights as a remedy for the infringement of rights including the right of reply.

Social Media Information Sharing: Is It a Catalyst for Green Consumption among Gen X and Gen Y Cohorts?

This study aims to identify the influence of Generation X and Generation Y on green buying behavior in the Indian context. Based on social cognitive theory and the generational cohort theory, the authors test the impact of Perceived Environmental Responsibility and Social Media Information Sharing on the relationship between Generation X and Y cohorts and their green buying behavior. This study uses the Quan-Qual approach to triangulate the results. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data from 427 respondents, and the hypotheses were tested with covariance-based structural equation modeling using AMOS software (AMOS 26 software). To probe further into the findings, in-depth interviews were conducted with 60 respondents from Gen X and Gen Y cohort groups, and the data were analyzed using NVIVO software. The findings reveal that the Gen X cohort seems to engage more in green buying behavior compared to the Gen Y cohort. Also, Social Media Information Sharing mediates the green buying behavior for Gen X and moderates it for Gen Y. Moreover, the qualitative inquiry confirms that the Perceived Environmental Responsibility of both Gen X and Gen Y cohorts does not significantly impact their green buying behavior.

Systematizing destigmatization in the context of media and communication: a systematic literature review

Destigmatization is a crucial step toward achieving societal equality. Media contribute both to the stigmatization and destigmatization of various groups. Through a systematic literature review, the present study aims to develop a comprehensive overview of destigmatization in the context of media and communication. A final sample of 79 scientific publications was analyzed and synthesized. First, a systematically derived, interdisciplinary applicable definition of destigmatization is presented. Second, an overview of factors influencing destigmatization is given, categorized into four factor groups: contact, education, language and terminology, and framing. Third, the processual character of destigmatization, referring to reflexive and rule-based processes, is discussed. This systematic literature review emphasizes the responsibility and potential positive impact of media and communication for destigmatization. The findings provide a basis for adaptation and expansion by future research focusing on various stigmatized groups and settings.

Framing of Hamas Attacks on Israel in Al-Jazeera and BBCCoverage

Abstract. Digital media provides the latest news on global issues, particularly in the realm of religion, attracting a broad audience. This research explores how international mass media outlets Al-Jazeera and BBC frame their coverage of Hamas' attack on Israel on October 7. Utilizing a qualitative descriptive research method, the study aims to comprehensively depict the framing processes employed by Al-Jazeera and BBC in reporting on the Hamas-Israel conflict. Primary data includes Al-Jazeera's article "Why the Palestinian group Hamas launched an attack on Israel? All to know" and BBC News Indonesia's piece titled "What is Hamas and why is it fighting with Israel in Gaza?" Secondary data from relevant scholarly studies supports the research. Data collection involves reading and note-taking, while data analysis follows Miles and Huberman's model—data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. Findings reveal that Al-Jazeera defines Hamas' attack on Israel as a defensive measure, emphasizing its causes and making moral judgments by comparing Hamas' damage to Israel's actions. Al-Jazeera recommends characterizing Israel's actions against Palestine as genocide. On the other hand, BBC portrays Hamas' assault as sudden terrorism, neglecting Israel's criminal history. In its moral assessment, BBC focuses on Hamas' crimes to support a terrorist narrative. Treatment recommendations by BBC attempt to legitimize Israel's colonization efforts by highlighting that Palestine lacks recognition as an independent state by the UN. Differences in framing in the reporting of the Hamas-Israel conflict can affect diplomacy and peace efforts in the region as well as international support for one of the parties. International mass media are not always objective in reporting conflicts because they are influenced by political and ideological interests. This can lead to criticism of media objectivity and fairness and raises questions about the media's responsibility in shaping public opinion that can influence the development of conflicts.Keywords: Framing, Mass Media, Hamas Attack, Israel, Robert Entman

The Ideological Imperative: Corporate Social Responsibility and News Media Coverage of Firms

Although prior research attributes news media coverage of firms to the alignment of firm behavior with societal expectations of appropriateness, the appropriateness of firm behavior is judged through an ideological lens. Therefore, the influence of a firm’s behavior on its news media coverage is likely to be contingent on news organizations’ ideology. Focusing on corporate social responsibility (CSR) as the focal firm behavior, we argue that conservative news organizations are less likely to consider CSR an appropriate firm behavior because conservatives view CSR as privileging progressive ideals and as undermining shareholder interests. As such, we hypothesize that compared with other news organizations, conservative news organizations are less likely to cover socially responsible firms positively. This relationship is likely to be strengthened for firms led by conservative chief executive officers and for firms with poor stock market performance. We examined the coverage of the S&P 1500 firms from 2002 through 2011 in U.S. newspapers and found support for our hypotheses that compared with other newspapers, conservative newspapers report less positively about socially responsible firms and that this effect is strengthened for conservative-led firms. In contrast to what we expected, however, we found some evidence that socially responsible firms with a strong stock market performance are, in fact, covered less positively in conservative newspapers. Taken together, our theory and findings contribute to an understanding of how the news media’s ideological heterogeneity shapes the relationship between firm behavior (in our case, CSR) and news media coverage of firms. Funding: Y. Dewan received funding from HEC Foundation. Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2022.17237 .

CONTEMPORARY ENGLISH MEDIA DISCOURSE: LINGUISTIC, PRAGMATIC, SOCIAL AND DIGITAL ASPECTS

The academic paper analyzes the linguopragmatic, social, and digital aspects of contemporary English-language media discourse, with a focus on its role in shaping public opinion and cultural perceptions. The introduction examines the relevance and importance of English-language media in the modern globalized world, emphasizing their impact on intercultural communication and public consciousness. The present research primarily analyzes the linguopragmatic features of English-language media discourse, in particular, the use of language strategies for achieving communicative goals. The academic paper considers how language tools influence the formation of messages and their perception by the audience. The focus is then shifted to the social and cultural aspects of media discourse. An analysis is conducted of the ways the media influence the formation and maintenance of gender stereotypes, as well as how they reflect and can potentially impact racial and ethnic representations in society. The scientific work examines the ways in which the media can enhance or provoke public debate on these important issues, as well as their role in shaping cultural identities. This is followed by a discussion of the digital transformation of English-language media discourse, with a focus on the role of social media and digital strategies in communication. The conclusions emphasize the significance of the balance between freedom of speech and media responsibility. The need to combat disinformation and increase the media literacy of the audience is emphasized. The academic paper suggests directions for further studies, in particular, analyzing the impact of English-language media discourse on different cultural contexts and developing strategies to ensure objectivity in media content. The research results have practical implications for developing media strategies and raising the level of media literacy, as well as for understanding the impact of media on modern society and intercultural interactions.

Revealing the Influence of Green Product Prices on the Green Purchasing Behavior of Young Chinese Consumers A TPB Perspective

Using the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) as the theoretical framework, this article aims to reveal the impact of green product prices on their purchase decisions by in-depth research on the motivations and influencing factors of green purchasing behavior of young Chinese consumers. First, through a comprehensive definition and characteristic analysis of green consumption behavior, the paper comprehensively understands the attitudes and behaviors of the younger generation in the environmental protection trend. A review of domestic and foreign research progress provides a theoretical basis for the research. In terms of green purchasing behavior among young Chinese consumers, research highlights the influence of their attitudes, social responsibility and social media. Through in-depth analysis of the motivations for green purchases, researchers revealed the importance of factors such as environmental awareness, social responsibility, and individual health awareness. In terms of research methods, a comprehensive quantitative and qualitative data collection method was adopted to construct a scientific and reliable research design. In the sample description and analysis of main research variables, samples with different characteristics are described in detail, and factors such as attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control are analyzed in depth. Finally, through a specific analysis of the impact of each component of TPB on green purchasing behavior, the interrelationship between these factors is revealed, providing profound insights into understanding young consumers' shopping decisions.

Sensationalism as an Ethical Issue in Citizen Journalism among Undergraduates of Select Universities in Ogun State, Nigeria

The increasing penetration of the internet and new media technologies has created more avenues for the participation of people, formerly known as media audiences, in the news production process through a practice termed citizen journalism. News about events, people and places break on-the-go as reported by individuals with smartphones, internet connection and social media accounts. However, citizen journalism has promoted sensationalism because sharing of emotion-provoking content is fast becoming a popular culture on social media, thereby posing ethical challenges that call for regulation. This study investigated sensationalism as an ethical issue in citizen journalism among undergraduates in selected universities in Ogun State, Nigeria. It was anchored in social responsibility media theory. The population of this study comprised 53,749 full-time undergraduates of Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta; Tai Solarin University of Education, Ijagun; and Babcock University, Ilishan-Remo all in Ogun State, Nigeria. A multistage sampling technique was adopted to select 381 respondents studied using a self-structured questionnaire. Results revealed that a majority of the undergraduates participated in citizen journalism; they mostly shared entertainment content; they were motivated by entertainment, appeal, and controversies in sharing sensational content; but they perceived sensationalism to be ethically wrong. The study recommended media literacy and fact-checking as antidotes to sensationalism in digital media.

Author Meets Critics: The Authenticity Industries: Keeping It "Real" in Media, Culture, and Politics

Abstract: A group of scholars from diverse backgrounds meet with Michael Serazio to discuss his book The Authenticity Industries: Keeping It "Real" in Media, Culture, and Politics (Stanford University Press, 2023). Combining philosophy, history, sociology, political economy, cultural criticism, and popular culture, the book unpacks the concept of authenticity as it manifests in various mediated contexts, including reality television, social media, pop music, corporate communication, influencer marketing, electoral campaigns, and politics. In addition to sharing how he researched his book, Serazio discusses the following topics with the panelists: what is meant by authenticity and being "real"; how various sectors use media to produce and manufacture authenticity; the link between authenticity and trust; the production of personalities and its impact on identities and inequalities, especially those based on race, gender, and class; the responsibility of social media companies in shaping how individuals in society and culture view realness; the influence of social media algorithms; and the potential ways in which instructors could use the book in classrooms.

Freedom of Information Act (FoIA) and the Challenges of Investigative Journalism in Nigeria

This paper looked at the nature, merits and challenges of investigative journalism in Nigeria, with particular attention paid to newspapers, vis-a-vis the country’s Freedom of Information Act (FoIA) 2011. The objectives of the study included highlighting the merits and challenges of investigative journalism, as well as the relevance of FoIA to investigative reporting. Data for it were collected from secondary sources, while the libertarian and social responsibility media theories were deployed to guide it. It noted the merits and challenges of investigative journalism, and concluded that investigative reporting was a tough terrain for journalists, and that the media were yet to make appreciable use of the FoIA, which could ease their work as watchdogs of society. It recommended, among other things, regular training for journalists on the reporting-relevant contents of the FoIA, as well as the conscientisation of citizens on the provisions and utility of the Act, in the hope that this would promote open government for the public good.

Newsprint representation of the alcohol sales bans during the COVID-19 pandemic in South Africa: A mixed methods analysis

Aims: Content analysis of newspapers covering the alcohol sales bans during Covid-19 in South Africa.
 Methods: Mixed method content analysis of the highest circulated, paid for, English language newspapers published by four newspaper outlets in South Africa, between 26 February to 26 September 2020 (seven months).
 Setting: South African Bibliographic Information Network (Sabinet) and Arena Holdings Media databases were used.
 Participants: 317 newspaper articles were identified for analysis from four newspapers: Sunday Times (Arena Holdings), Daily Sun (Naspers), The Star (Independent Media) and the Mail and Guardian (Media Development Investment Fund).
 Measures: Qualitative data: a structured coding frame was used to identify themes. Quantitative data: date, agency, placement/page number in the newspaper, number of graphics, words in heading and in article and whether the article was based on opinion or fact. The media vectors: framing, responsibility and newspaper media exposure were calculated.
 Findings: Articles were predominantly unfavourable toward the alcohol sales bans, indicated that government should take responsibility for prevention of harmful alcohol use, and focused mainly on the negative economic impact of the alcohol sales bans.
 Conclusions: News agencies should make a concerted effort to ensure balanced reporting on matters of health and put measures in place to prevent undue influence on journalists by large corporations, such as the alcohol industry.

Social Media Responsibility towards COVID 19 News: The Case of Qatar

Objectives: This study explored to what extent people in one nation in the Middle East, Qatar, used social media to obtain information regarding COVID-19. It also looked at how social media organizations review and attempt to verify posted information and what they do when and if they discover fake news Methods: The researchers surveyed 400 Qatari citizens to determine their perceptions of the credibility of government and private social media sites and how that differed from their perception of the credibility of traditional mass media news outlets.The research also addressed the interrelationship between browsing social media for information and disinformation about COVID-19 and a person’s feelings of threat, anxiety, and fear. Results: The study found that social media users may have difficulty telling the difference between information and disinformation. This can increasetheir fear, anxiety, and stress. This relationship appears to be clear, and cuts across all demographic lines. What is unclear is whether fear drives people to increase their social media searching for COVID-19 information, or if increased consumption increases fear? It’s quite possible that it is a circular relationship. Conclusions: The study recommended that interventions from multiple stakeholders are essential in order to rationale social media performance and harness it’s power to disseminate reliable information.

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) On Social Media towards Brand Advocacy Behavior in the Banking Industry

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) programs are considered crucial as they facilitate effective communication with customers and potential customers, while also fostering stronger bonds between customers and companies. This journal article investigates the impact of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in Social Media on Brand Advocacy Behavior, mediated by Customer Engagement (CE), Customer Company Identification (CCI), and Brand Trust. The study involved a sample of 239 customers from 14 banks, comprising 4 banks in the KBMI 4 category and 10 banks in the KBMI 3 category, with account tenure exceeding six months. The survey was completed through an online questionnaire, and data analysis was performed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The findings of this research revealed that CSR, mediated by Customer Engagement, Brand Trust, and Customer Company Identification, has an overall positive effect on Brand Advocacy Behavior among bank customers in Indonesia. This study is based on the social identity (SI) theory, which is widely utilized to explain the behavioral patterns of individuals in diverse contexts. The presence of various psychological factors as mediators substantiates the significant role of CSR in shaping the behavior of specific individuals. This research underscores that banks are not solely profit-oriented, but also actively engage in sustainable CSR initiatives. The implications of this study are particularly relevant to the banking sector, emphasizing the significance of communicating CSR initiatives on social media in fostering meaningful customer relationships and promoting Brand Advocacy Behavior.

Between the Pillory Treatment and Reliable Clarification: On the Role of the Media in Response to the Sexual Abuse Crisis in the Catholic Church in Poland

The author presents the contribution of media in the response to the sexual abuse crisis in the Catholic Church in Poland. Media in Poland plays an important role in the detection of sexual abuse of minors by clergymen. Journalistic publications contributed to recognizing the criminal acts and to a change of strategy in which the protection of children and the prevention of crime, rather than the interests of institutions, are prioritized. However, the manner and frequency of presentation by media in relation to abuse within the Church also reflected what I have referred to as a pilloried treatment. The author presents both kinds of contribution of media in the response to the sexual abuse crisis in the Catholic Church in Poland. The paper reflects on challenges for the theological reflection, especially significance of an effective communication of the Catholic Church in the crisis. Finally, the article speaks about media responsibility in the transmission of news about sexual abuse crisis.

Vaccine hesitancy among health-care professionals in the era of COVID-19.

Health-care professionals (HCPs) are key trusted figures in addressing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) challenges. They are thought to influence others' health decisions by personal example. However, during the COVID-19 crisis, some HCPs hesitated to be vaccinated. We examined factors contributing to that decision. We performed 12 semi-structured interviews, between February and May 2021, with Israeli HCPs who had declined or delayed COVID-19 vaccination. Three coders conducted a combined top-down and bottom-up analysis. We identified four main themes shaping vaccine decision-making: (i) sources of information, (ii) perceptions of necessity and risks of the vaccine, (iii) individual versus collective responsibility and (iv) political climate and media influence. Participants were worried about long-term effectiveness and safety, and while many agreed that high-risk populations should be vaccinated, all considered themselves to be at low risk for serious disease. Some felt they should avoid taking a perceived risk (accepting a new vaccine) to protect society, although they felt pressured to do so. Vaccination campaign politization and the way the media approached the subject also contributed to mistrust and hesitancy to be vaccinated. These findings help us understand HCP beliefs and uncertainties about COVID-19 vaccinations. This study can help inform future campaigns targeted at HCPs to promote the acceptance of vaccines.

Demonstration and Suggestion on the Communication Efficiency of New Media of Environmental Education Based on Ideological and Political Education.

With the rapid development of the economy, we are facing more and more problems, and the construction of ecological civilization has become the focus of our national concern. With the rapid development of network technology, the immediacy of the new media and the huge audience have brought new development trends to the dissemination of environmental information. The number of new environmental media is increasing, but there are still some problems, such as formality, rigid content and lack of innovation, which make it difficult to achieve better communication effects. However, the research on new environmental media is still in its infancy, and there is not yet a set of targeted and specialized new media evaluation systems. Based on the social function of new environmental news media and the social responsibility of media as the entry point, the article establishes a set of index systems to measure the efficiency of environmental news dissemination and proposes corresponding improvement measures accordingly. The results of the study show that the best use of environmental education publicity is at 81.3%. In terms of cognitive efficiency and attitudinal efficacy, the scores of environmental education weibo public numbers were not high, at 60.7% and 71.5%, respectively. From the perspective of ideological and political education, the environmental protection class of WeChat plays a good role in attracting the attention of college students, and can provide ideological and political education to them and improve their ideological awareness. In terms of cognition, new media is responsible for conveying environmental knowledge and concepts to college students, so the development of new media centers on environmental information, and the content directly affects the cognitive level of college students, fully reflecting the importance of cognitive efficacy in new media of environmental education. On attitude efficacy, only one indicator is set for identity shaping, which has the highest score, but the lowest is 4.0, showing that the public number is still not obvious enough in terms of identifying with college student groups, influencing college students' emotions and attitudes. Based on this, this paper points out the problems of the current communication efficiency of environmental education new media through the analysis of the evaluation results and puts forward suggestions to improve its communication efficiency in this regard.

Assertion, Repetition, Contagion: Generative Mechanisms and Responses to Social Death

Online public opinion gradually evolves into a phenomenon where opinion leaders guide the digital public to commit cyber violence against the public opinion target, eventually leading to the social death of the public opinion target. The role of each opinion subject in the social death of individuals can be analyzed through the mechanisms of assertion, repetition, and contagion transmission proposed by Gustave Le Bon. Opinion makers shape specific events and characters, utilizing assertions to enhance the narrative power and satisfy the psychological image of the media and the public. On this basis, opinion leaders, mainly the media, direct the psychological tendency of the public by spreading assertions more widely through repetition. The participants in public opinion fix assertions on the cross of their moral judgment through the implication of assertion and repetition. Breaking this mechanism requires proprietary measures aimed at the three subjects. First, reduce the power of assertions by identifying ambiguous information and blaming the rumormonger afterward. Second, control the degree of repetition by increasing the responsibility of online media and clarifying effectively. Third, avoid the spread of contagion by improving the quality of Internet users.

Role of Marketing Strategies to Generation Z in Emerging Markets

The aim of this research is to examine the marketing strategies to Generation Z, social media cognitive engagement, social media influencer, perceived corporate social responsibility and user-generated media communication and hedonic brand image as moderator on generation Gen Z purchase intention, and examining these effects in Covid’19 pandemic recession phase in Pakistan. Research was completed on Generation Z respondents, using an online survey questionnaire were evaluated using through factor analysis, model fit, SEM via Smart PLS 4. Empirical results via structural equation modeling demonstrate that the impact of the four constructs played a partially significant role on Gen Z purchase intention. Gen Z has strong bonding with social media engagement and aware of CSR activities of an organization and confirmed their behavior toward e-shopping. Brand equity and Citizen Behavior are could be examined as a dependent variable but we didn’t due to lack of literature. Social media cognitive engagement and perceived corporate social responsibility has strong relation with generation Z purchase intention which indicates generation Z is engage with social media and CSR activities. Online business operators and trend setter can identify and promote their business on social media sites. Through this study marketers and professionals can also formulate strategies to increase promote their business. The empirical results provide academic contributions to the current group of knowledge in the marketing to capture Gen Z. Using advanced quantitative data analysis will eventually enable future researchers to explain the contribution of the current study to understanding the importance of Generation Z psychology.

The Collapse of the USSR: Images of Historical Responsibility in the Discursive Space of the Republic of Belarus (1991—2020)

The article analyses the transformation of the images of historical responsibility in political, media and educational discourses of the Republic of Belarus in 1991—2020. On the basis of the constructivist approach the social nature of historical responsibility is considered on the example of the Belarusian case as a social practice, formed within a certain community and network of actors, focused on the appropriation or participation in the distribution of symbolic capital. The results of content analysis and comparison of political, media and educational discourses make it possible to conclude that even under the conditions of the Belarusian case with its hypertrophied influence of the political sphere on all aspects of social life and long-term tendencies of re-Sovietization of historical culture, images of the USSR collapse remain fragmentary and depend on public discourses, their value environments and the actors standing behind them. It has been revealed that despite the change in the vector of historical policy (from the nationally-oriented vector to a combination of the Soviet and national), as well as the slow convergence of the Russocentric and Westernized versions of historical memory, the events of the USSR collapse continue to remain in the shadow of the discourse of Belarus' independence, being a historical illustration to it. The article analyzes in detail the peculiarities of transformation of the images of victims and perpetrators of the collapse of the USSR in the Belarusian context, as well as demonstrates examples of changes in assessments of the inevitability and fate of the events that took place for the Republic of Belarus.