Responsibility For Services Research Articles

A holistic assessment of the responsibilities and areas of support of engineering faculty

ABSTRACT Many factors influence the effectiveness of educational programs and initiatives for engineering faculty, including job responsibilities, departmental and college culture, experience, and more. In the current study, we examine the results and implications of a survey assessing faculty priorities and needs for educational and instructional responsibilities, as well as for research and service responsibilities. The results from this study found variance between what faculty reported as their most important job responsibilities and the job responsibilities where they would like to receive more support. These variations were seen across teaching, research, and service responsibilities. Implications for academic developers are discussed.

Административно-правовые аспекты привлечения служащих органов прокуратуры к дисциплинарной ответственности

The scientific article analyses issues related to the practical implementation of legal norms governing the procedure for disciplinary liability of prosecutors. A theoretical analysis of the interpretations of disciplinary responsibility in the public service formulated by leading legal scholars was carried out. A comparative legal analysis has been carried out of the regulations governing the procedure for the imposition of disciplinary penalties in State bodies, including law enforcement agencies and the legal documents governing these issues in the prosecutor’s office.

Invisible women: correctional facilities for women across Canada and proximity to maternity services

PurposeThis paper aims to describe the process to create an inventory of the facilities in Canada designated to incarcerate women and girls, health service responsibility by facility, facility proximity to hospitals with maternity services and residential programmes for mothers and children to stay together. This paper creates the inventory to support health researchers, prison rights advocates and policymakers to identify, analyse and respond to sex and gender differences in health and access to health services in prisons.Design/methodology/approachIn spring 2019, this study conducted an environmental scan to create an inventory of every facility in Canada designated for the incarceration of girls and women, including remand/pretrial custody, immigration detention, youth facilities and for provincial and federal sentences.FindingsThere are 72 facilities in the inventory. In most, women are co-located with men. Responsibility for health varies by jurisdiction. Few sites have mother-child programmes. Distance to maternity services varies from 1 to 132 km.Research limitations/implicationsThis paper did not include police lock-up, courthouse cells or involuntary psychiatric units in the inventory. Information is unavailable regarding trans and non-binary persons, a priority for future work. Access to maternity hospital services is but one critical question regarding reproductive care. Maintenance of the database is challenging.Originality/valueIncarcerated women are an invisible population. The inventory is the first of its kind and is a useful tool to support sex and gender and health research across jurisdictions.

The National Defense Education Act, the American Association of University Professors and the dilemma of academic freedom in the mid-twentieth century

PurposeThis study asks how American institutions of higher education defended the principles of academic freedom (or intellectual autonomy) during the 1950s, even as they became increasingly dependent on the federal government's financial support, their eligibility for which required an oath of political loyalty under the terms of the National Defense Education Act of 1958. Universities whose students or professors resisted the oath faced a dilemma of institutional governance as well as intellectual integrity during the early years of the Cold War.Design/methodology/approachThe study draws on documentary and archival sources, including the Congressional Record, the AAUP Bulletin, student pamphlets, newspapers and other publications of the US federal government, and on secondary sources.FindingsThe author finds that the US federal government began to invest heavily in higher education during the 1950s, but financial support was often accompanied by political oversight. Higher education institutions and their professors struggled to reconcile a sense of responsibility for national service with a desire for academic freedom. The findings show how the federal government treated institutions of higher education and dealt with the issue of academic freedom during the Cold War.Originality/valueThis study draws on a large pool of primary sources and previous research to offer new insights into an enduring ideological tension between academic freedom, public service and financial patronage.

The requirements of sustainable development for colleges of physical education and sports science in Iraq

l development in addition to environmental reform, which is not possible at its best, and from this the faculties of physical education and sports science realize the scale of the problem and its importance in the development of society that this all puts on the faculties of education Physical and sports sciences are a very difficult task and an end in holiness, for it is the responsibility of the human development service and its leadership, because the community leaders and its elites are those who value their direction and future more than others. The importance of this study comes from the goal of sustainable development to maximizing pain. The net gain from higher education while ensuring the preservation of the quality of resources and the development of educational services over time, and thus it is an interactive, dynamic development that undertakes to achieve alignment between three main pillars: human resources, natural and human resources.
 Research problem
 The study tries to answer the following question (What is the reality of the requirements for comprehensive development of the colleges of physical education and sports science in Iraq)
 Research objectives
 Defining the most important elements of sustainable development for the colleges of physical education and Iraqi sports science and improving the status of colleges of physical education and sports science locally and globally and increasing its share in the science market

Stroke survivors’ experiences and perceptions of post-stroke fatigue education in the subacute phase of stroke. The FASE qualitative study

Introduction Post-stroke fatigue significantly impacts stroke survivors’ rehabilitation, morbidity and quality of life. The evidence-base of post-stroke fatigue education is scarce and inconsistently translated to practice. Research is necessary to understand the current provision, impact and perceptions of post-stroke fatigue education from the stroke survivor’s perspective. The aim of this study is to develop an understanding of stroke survivors’ current experiences and perceptions of fatigue and the role of post-stroke fatigue education in subacute stroke. Methods A United Kingdom-based qualitative inquiry using semi-structured interviews involving 10 participants who had experienced subacute stroke was conducted using thematic data analysis. Findings The overarching theme of acceptance and adaptation reflected possible mechanisms in how stroke survivors manage post-stroke fatigue. Theme one highlighted the individual and diverse nature of post-stroke fatigue. Theme two, the variability of stroke survivors’ current experiences, reflected variability in content and context of post-stroke fatigue education. Theme three, the role of stroke services, described perceived responsibility and ability of stroke services to provide post-stroke fatigue education. Conclusions Post-stroke fatigue education is variable in practice. The results suggest further investigation of a stroke pathway approach for post-stroke fatigue education, involving core aspects suitable for a spectrum of stroke survivors with additional components tailored to individual needs.

Utilization pattern of blood and its components in a tertiary care super speciality hospital

Background: Blood is the most precious gift for human life. Blood transfusion services play a vital role in managing health care services. There is no substitute for blood and its components till date, therefore blood donation drive is very crucial. The primary responsibility of blood transfusion services is to provide safe, sufficient and timely supply of blood and blood products. There has been shift for usage of blood and blood components from the use of whole blood so that maximum utilization of this precious resource could be done. Aim and objectives was to study pattern of utilization of blood and blood components in a super speciality hospital with the indications for transfusions for different components during the study period.Methods: This retrospective study for 12 months (January 2019- December 2 019) on pattern of utilization of blood components was carried out in the department of immunohaematology and transfusion medicine in a super speciality hospital.Results: There were total of 90237 transfusions which were carried out during the study period of 12 months. During the study period, 366 stored whole blood units, 55300 Packed RBC units, 19111 FFP units, 14298 Random Donor Platelet units, 1119 single donor platelets and 43 cryoprecipitate units were issued for use in patients admitted to our hospital.Conclusions: Periodic review and audit of blood component usage becomes essential to assess the blood utilization pattern in any hospital.

Free Circulation of Information and Online Intermediaries \u2013 Replacing One \u201cValue Gap\u201d with Another

The role of online intermediaries in allowing third parties to perform legal as well as illegal activities and the growing economic power of such intermediaries are profoundly challenging the legal framework established 20 years ago with the European Union e-Commerce Directive. European courts first, and legislatures more recently, have taken a position regarding the need for further regulation of online intermediaries. The new liability rules for copyright infringement are just an example of a more general tendency to charge intermediaries with responsibility. This tendency goes beyond the realm of intellectual property and includes consumer law, antitrust and competition law. The forthcoming EU Digital Services Act aims to revise the regulation of online intermediaries by means of new rules framing the responsibilities of digital services and online platforms’ market behaviour.In this context there is no doubt that the current scenario requires modern rules. However, it is licit to ask whether and how European institutions are considering the collateral effects of the above-mentioned tendency. It is also not clear how the basic principles underpinning the e-Commerce Directive – and, in particular, freedom of expression – will be assured in a new legal framework where online intermediaries may not enjoy the safe harbours originally laid down in the e-Commerce Directive.

Provision of Hepatitis A Vaccine by Paramedics During Noncritical Patient Interactions: Lessons Learned

Background: Hepatitis A cases have been regularly increasing in Florida since 2016, after remaining relatively stable for several years. Between January 1, 2019, and October 19, 2019, 2,847 cases of hepatitis were reported to the Florida Department of Health, including 2,209 hospitalizations and 41 deaths due to infection with hepatitis A1. At least 93% of these cases was acquired within the state of Florida.1 During this outbreak, Pasco County clearly emerged as a focal point for new cases. As of week 42 of 2019, Pasco County was the second-highest county for new cases (n = 484) and the leading county for deaths due to hepatitis A infection (n = 8). Risk factors identified from hepatitis A cases reported between January 1, 2019, and October 19, 2019, included any drug use (57%), injection drug use (37%), noninjection drug use (35%), homelessness (22%), and being a man who had sexual intercourse with other men (MSM, 4%).1 Moreover, 33% of newly reported cases were interviewed and denied risk factors; 1 (20%) had recently been incarcerated or was currently incarcerated.1 Individuals with these risk factors are often individuals who also require emergency medical services (EMS). On August 1, 2019, a public health emergency (PHE) was issued for the entire state of Florida. The existence of a PHE allows for paramedics to administer vaccine (with the approval of the fire rescue medical director). Pasco County Fire Rescue routinely operates 28 advanced life support (ALS) ambulances with either a crew of 2 paramedics or a paramedic/EMT pair. On October 7, 2019, the Pasco County Board of County Commissioners (BCC) approved a Memorandum of Understanding between the Florida Department of Health in Pasco County, the Pasco County Fire Rescue Medical Director, and the BCC for ALS crews to provide hepatitis A vaccination to noncritical (ie, basic life support) patients during routine contact. This effort appears to be the first within the of Florida. Pasco County Fire Rescue (PCFR) began stocking hepatitis A vaccine on January 1, 2020 and ceased participation in the program on March 1, 2020. During the window of participation, PCFR responded to approximately 6,570 calls in which the patient would have been non-critical and eligible for hepatitis A vaccination. Twelve hepatitis A vaccinations (0.18%) were administered. Crews verbalized concerns about adding vaccination to their job description, feelings of being overwhelmed with existing emergency medical services (EMS) responsibilities, apathy regarding the potential benefit of provision of vaccine, and perception that successful participation in a vaccine campaign would lead to additional community paramedicine responsibilities. The vaccine program was terminated early due to the significant demands on EMS as SARS-CoV2 impacted Pasco County. This trial highlights the need for crew investments and buy-in for future partial or full community paramedicine initiatives.1. Florida Department of Health, Hepatitis A Surveillance State Report, Week 42.Funding: NoneDisclosures: None

Risky responsibilities for rural drinking water institutions: The case of unregulated self-supply in Bangladesh

The drinking water sector is off track to reach Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 6.1 with over a quarter of the world’s population lacking safe and reliable services. Policy approaches are shifting away from provision of access towards managing the multiple risks of water supply and quality. By considering how infrastructure, information, and institutional systems evolved in Bangladesh, this article identifies the unintentional consequences of reallocating management responsibility for rural water services away from government agencies towards individuals and households.Between 2012 and 2017, we estimate up to forty-five unregulated tubewells were installed privately for every publicly funded rural waterpoint. This growth rate more than doubled total national waterpoint infrastructure since 2006. The scale of growth is reflected in the declining ratio of households per tubewell from over fifty-seven in 1982 to less than two in 2017, potentially approaching market saturation. This scale of growth aligns to an observed decrease in the real price of private market shallow tubewells by seventy percent between 1982 and 2017. In 2018, we estimate households invested up to USD253 million in tubewells, nearly sixty-five percent of the total national water and sanitation sector’s household-level finance. In effect, household investments became critical to achieve the Millennium Development Goal (MDG) target of improved infrastructure access, but now pose challenges for meeting targets of safely managed services. The scale of continued private investment provides an opportunity for policymakers to explore blended public finance models to meet emerging consumer preferences, while at the same time introducing regulatory and monitoring systems.

Correlation Between Patients' Medication Adherence and Their Psychological Contract with Hospital Pharmacists.

ObjectiveTo investigate the correlation between patients’ medication adherence and their psychological contract with hospital pharmacists under the background of the pharmacist–patient relationship, providing a reference for improving the pharmacist–patient relationship and the patients’ medication adherence based on the patients’ psychological contract with the hospital pharmacists.Materials and MethodsSome of the patients who received medication dispensing service at the outpatient pharmacies at the First Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University were included and investigated as follows: 320 patients were included through the convenient sampling method for psychological contract and medication adherence questionnaire survey with the self-designed scales for patients’ psychological contract with the hospital pharmacists and their medication adherence. SPSS 17.0 was used for reliability and validity testing, correlation analysis, and multiple linear regression analysis.ResultsThe average score of the psychological contract was 3.80±0.59. The average score of the patients’ medication adherence was 2.93±0.70. The patients’ psychological contract with the pharmacists and its dimensions (the responsibility of competence, the responsibility of service, and the responsibility of humanistic care) were positively correlated with medication adherence (P<0.05). The results of the multiple linear regression analysis showed that the effect of patients’ psychological contract with the pharmacists on medication adherence was statistically significant (P<0.05).ConclusionOutpatients’ psychological contract with the pharmacists is positively correlated with their medication adherence. Maintaining the patients’ psychological contract with the pharmacists may be an effective way to improve medication adherence.

Disrupting the Numbers: The Impact of a Women’s Faculty Writing Program on Associate Professors

Women continue to be underrepresented at the highest academic rank of full professor. Studies show that once women earn tenure, they are inundated with teaching, service, and administrative responsibilities, which take time away from research and publication—the primary criteria for promotion. We believe that rhetoric and writing studies (RWS) faculty are uniquely situated to confront this challenge because of our disciplinary expertise, our experience administering writing programs, and our interest in equity. With the goal to increase the number of women full professors at our university, we created a year-long writing program for women associate professors. Based on results from this pilot study, we argue that RWS faculty can use their expertise to decrease the disparity at the highest academic rank and make the university more diverse and equitable. Moreover, we believe that RWS scholars can use their disciplinary expertise to address a range of other institutional and systemic challenges.

Inequitable access to an outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy service: linked cross-sectional study

Study aimTo assess whether Outpatient Parenteral Antimicrobial Therapy (OPAT) is provided equitably across gender and social groups in a tertiary care setting.BackgroundOPAT is a widely used and growing approach in high income countries to early discharge or admission avoidance for patients requiring intravenous antimicrobials. There is however a risk that equitable access to healthcare could be eroded unintentionally by expansion of outpatient or ambulatory approaches such as this. Anecdotal evidence in our service, and from published studies, have identified a gender and social group equity gap in outpatient services.MethodsService data on inpatient cellulitis episodes over a seven-year period were matched to OPAT referral data to create a retrospective cross-sectional linked dataset. All individuals admitted from 2012 to 2017 inclusive for a primary diagnosis of cellulitis were included: 6295 admissions of 4944 individuals. Demographics, number of co-morbidities, length of hospital stay, number of admissions, distance from OPAT unit and Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation (SIMD; as a metric of deprivation) were recorded. Adjusted odds of a referral to OPAT across SIMD quintiles and for females compared to males were calculated using multiple logistic regression.ResultsInequitable access to OPAT was identified. Deprivation was negatively associated with likelihood of OPAT referral. Inpatients from the most affluent SIMD quintile were more than twice as likely to have received an OPAT referral compared to those resident in the most deprived quintile (adjusted OR 2.08, 95% CI: 1.60–2.71, p < 0.0001). Women were almost a third less likely to receive an OPAT referral than men (adjusted OR 0.69, 95% CI: 0.58 to 0.82, p < 0.001). Results were adjusted for age, number of co-morbidities, admissions, length of stay, distance from nearest OPAT unit, time since first admission, deprivation and gender.ConclusionsOPAT services and other ambulatory care programmes should routinely evaluate the equity of their service provision and consider how they can reduce any identified imbalance. It is a critical responsibility of service planning to ensure an inequitable system does not develop, with those least able to access ambulatory care dispossessed of the associated benefits.

Do Not Forget the 20%: A Lesson from Service Mentorship

This viewpoint explores what specific experiences DPETE students may need outside of research and teaching and suggests the lack of experience managing service responsibilities can create a situation where faculty are spending a disproportional amount of their time with service. It goes on to suggest some other service areas to consider providing experiences to DPETE students include accreditation/university assessment, recruitment, and methods courses, specifically setting up practicums and working with schools to establish practicum sites.

Implementation of the National Health Insurance Referral System at the Public Health Center in the Pangkajene Kepulauan District in 2019

BACKGROUND: The health service referral system is the organization of health services that regulate the mutual assignment of tasks and responsibilities of health services both vertically and horizontally.&#x0D; AIM: The purpose of this study was to determine the appropriateness of referral service operational standards at the Kalabbirang Public Health Center in Pangkajene Kepulauan district.&#x0D; METOHDS: This research method uses a qualitative with a phenomenological. The location of this study is in the Kalabbirang Public Health Center. The informants in this study were the Head of Medical Records Installation, the medical records installation staff of registration, doctors, and nurses. Data collection techniques using in-depth interviews, document review, and observation. The data obtained analyzed using the content analyze.&#x0D; RESULTS: The results showed that the Kalabbirang Public Health Center, no operational service standards were governing the procedures of the Public Health Center when receiving patients to be referred back. In addition, doctors do not explain in full to patients information about the referral. The conclusion of this research is the implementation of the referral system at the Kalabbirang Public Health Center in terms of the requirements for referring to be in accordance with the national referral system.&#x0D; CONCLUSION: We need socialization to understand more deeply about the referral system and equate perceptions among health workers about the referral mechanism in the Kalabbirang Public Health Center.

From shame to blame: institutionalising oppression through the moralisation of mental distress in austerity England

This paper interrogates qualitative data regarding the changing experiences of mental health service and welfare state interventions for those who self-identify as experiencing long-term mental distress. We focus on austerity-related reforms in the English welfare and mental health policy architecture to explore the socio-cultural and material bases of benefit claims-making in relation to long-term illness and incapacity. Recent neoliberal social policy reforms contest the ontological status of mental distress, in effect recasting distress as a ‘moral’ status. This tendency is reinforced via three primary dynamics in contemporary mental health and welfare policy: the delegitimisation of sick role status in relation to mental distress; the foregrounding of individual responsibility and concomitant re-orientation of services towards self-help; and an increasing punitive conditionality. These intersecting processes represent an institutionalisation of ‘blame’ in various policy contexts (Scambler in Sociol Health Illn 31(3): 441–455, 2009; Sociol Rev Monogr 66(4):766–782, 2018), the moral stigmatisation of mental distress and escalating experiences of oppression for mental health service users and welfare recipients. Shifting conceptions of distress are thereby entwined with transformations in social policy regimes and political economies. Presenting distress as a personal failure legitimates austerity-related restrictions on benefit and service entitlements as part of a wider project of neoliberal welfare state transformation.

Prehospital care nurses’ self reported competence: A cross-sectional study

BackgroundThe Swedish ambulance service has undergone major changes in recent decades due to advancements being made in medical and technical resources, professional competence, and patient care. Registered and specialist nurses share the same role, accountabilities, and responsibilities in the ambulance service, and their professional competence has not yet been evaluated. ObjectivesThe aim of the study was to investigate and compare self-reported professional competence among nurses working in the ambulance service and to explore associations between potentially predictive background factors and self-reported professional competence. MethodA cross-sectional study with a digital questionnaire was used for collecting data from 34 registered nurses and 71 specialist nurses. The Ambulance Nurse Competence Scale and the Research Utilization Questionnaire were used for data collection. ResultsSignificant differences were found among the nursing categories in terms of age, gender, education, and work experience. Prehospital emergency nurses reported the highest professional competence. Nurses with a master's degree did not report significantly higher professional competence than nurses with a bachelor's degree. ConclusionsThe findings indicated that there are differences in the professional competence of registered nurses and specialist nurses. Length of work experience in the ambulance service is an important factor associated with higher professional competence.

Resilience of Women of Color in Academe: Mitigating the Double Bind

Women faculty of color face a double bind as they endure both racism and sexism, creating dual oppression. These multiple disadvantages result in women of color being exposed to higher rates of career-limiting setbacks than their counterparts (i.e., white women), including devaluation of their scholarly work, increased service responsibilities, exclusion from career development opportunities, and constantly having their competency questioned. Their low representation and discouragement to continue in the professoriate due to harmful work environments also results in a “leaky pipeline”. Thus, women faculty of color have to utilize specific resilience strategies to mitigate these biases. However, many of the coping techniques used to generate resilience often result in injurious consequences. For instance, to demonstrate high competence, women of color often take on risky assignments (i.e., glass cliff) that results in them becoming hypervisible (i.e., judged more harshly than white women in similar positions). Other coping behaviors, such as the Strong Black Woman race-gender schema, often results in anxiety and depression, while code-switching, to feel accepted by the white dominant workspace, leads to a diminished sense of identity. Though these multiple identities result in stacked disadvantages in the workplace, there remains a gap in management literature on the intersectionality between race and gender. This void, consequently, silences the voice of women faculty of color and the unique challenges they face. Furthermore, it hinders the opportunity to make changes on a systemic level. In this symposium, we explore women faculty of colors' resilience-building tactics, the added double-bind they create, and individual and organizational practices that can help alleviate this paradox in order to promote their career development and well-being.

Sustaining Community-Scale Sanitation Services: Co-management by Local Government and Low-Income Communities in Indonesia

Ensuring sustainability of sanitation infrastructure assets and services over the long-term is crucial for achieving safe sanitation for all. Co-management is an emerging approach that balances state and citizen responsibility for services, with applicability to community-scale (or decentralised) sanitation systems in a city-wide context. In Indonesia more than 30,000 of these systems are typically managed solely by communities, however due to challenges in technical, social and financial aspects, commonly fall to disrepair. This paper presents qualitative research comprising document review, interviews and co-design workshops with local government and community management groups that developed a model for co-management of community-scale systems. The co-management model articulated four minimum responsibilities for local government: monitoring and corrective action; provision of technical and institutional support to community groups; formalisation of fee collection; and funding of large costs for rehabilitation and expansion. This model was developed and tested in two case study locations, and through this process, was deemed appropriate, acceptable and feasible for both local government and community management groups. Related changes to Indonesia’s national program guidelines were also identified to clearly articulate local government’s role. The agreed co-management approach aligns with the human right to sanitation by supporting local governments fulfil their legal mandate for services, promotes professionalised sustainable management arrangements, ensuring community-scale systems can contribute effectively to future citywide solutions.

Satisfactory Assessment for Performance of Orthopaedic Research Service

Background: Orthopaedic research service needs to be evaluated its effectiveness.&#x0D; Objective: To assess customer satisfaction of effectiveness in orthopaedic research service.&#x0D; Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among staffs, residents, fellows, and officers who used orthopaedic research service between June 2018 and June 2019. Customers who provided incomplete data were excluded. Baseline characteristics such as gender, highest education, types of employment, and positions were collected. Satisfaction of effectiveness of research service was assessed using the 23-item questionnaire with 8 dimensions; responsibilities, competency, diligence, public interests, creativity, communication, service mind, and productivity.&#x0D; Results: From 80 participated customers, there were 61 males (76.25%), and 56 residents (70%). Customers satisfied at a good-excellent level in service mind (95.30%), diligence (94.80%), communication (94.75%), public interests (94.60%), productivity (94.50%), responsibility (94.13%), competency (94.13%), and creativity (93.80%). Baseline characteristics were not significantly associated with satisfaction.&#x0D; Conclusions: Customers satisfied orthopaedic research service at the good-excellent level more than 93%. Improvement of responsibility, competency, and creativity may increase customer satisfaction.&#x0D;