Responsibility Disclosure Research Articles

Consumer Privacy Expectations and the Impact on Buying Intentions

Based on past research and attitudinal theories, this study intends to investigate the effect of attitudes about data privacy protection and disclosure and the perception of corporate data privacy performance on future purchase intention. Additionally, it seeks to understand the relationship between purchase behavior intensity, personal data privacy concerns and privacy expectations (attitude). A total of 271 usable surveys were gathered from United States consumers and analyzed by two multiple linear regression models and correlation analysis. The results show that attitude (data privacy protection and disclosure responsibility) and perceptions about corporate data privacy performance predict purchase intention. Furthermore, past purchase behavior intensity and personal data privacy concerns influence corporate data privacy responsibility attitudes. This study extends the current data privacy literature by understanding how data privacy expectations (attitude) and data privacy performance perceptions impact purchase intent and are influenced by personal data privacy concerns and purchase behavior.

Corporate hypocrisy in the context of corporate social responsibility: a literature review

PurposeCorporate social responsibility (CSR) is going through a critical period that challenges its capacity to respond to social and environmental crises, which could be associated with the growing Corporate Hypocrisy (CH) phenomenon. This study aims to identify the theoretical perspectives of the scientific literature on CH as a contemporary phenomenon concerning CSR.Design/methodology/approachWe adopted a sequential mixed-method approach in this study. First, we conducted a bibliometric analysis of the publications on the Web of Science database. Subsequently, we performed a content analysis of CH with CSR.FindingsThe literature review revealed two main research paths: the first deals with the perceptions of hypocrisy; the second relates to the company’s responsibility for disclosure. In addition, we found that researchers use different expressions to refer to the gap between discourse and action in organisations. Some authors suggest subtle differences between these terms, while others use them interchangeably. The causes of this phenomenon vary according to the facets of hypocrisy and the negative implications for the reputation and credibility of companies.Originality/valueThis study contributes to understanding the dissociation between CSR statements and practices. To this end, it combines and collates the literature on a phenomenon studied from different sides using numerous designations.

Exploring healthcare workers’ experience and barriers in disclosing patient safety-related incidents: A qualitative study in Indonesian hospitals

ABSTRACT Background Open disclosure of patient safety incidents is a strategy to enhance patient safety by preventing future occurrences. This study aimed to identify factors that facilitate or hinder the implementation of open disclosure in Indonesian hospitals. Methods Using a qualitative descriptive research method, 12 healthcare professionals with at least one year of experience and prior incident disclosure experience participated in online interviews. Thematic analysis revealed that open disclosure practices are uncommon in Indonesian hospitals. Results The findings suggest that open disclosure practices are not common practice in Indonesian hospitals. Key issues include unclear responsibility for disclosure, determining which incidents should be disclosed, understanding patient and family responses, implementing follow-up procedures and addressing barriers such as cultural factors, fear of disclosure, lack of protection and insufficient awareness and training among healthcare professionals. Conclusion Promoting open disclosure can improve patient-provider relationships and patient safety. Therefore, healthcare organizations, policymakers and educational institutions should collaborate to foster open disclosure, safeguard patients and educate healthcare professionals, leading to a more secure, transparent and patient-centric healthcare system.

Lebanese medical students' attitudes towards patient safety and medical error disclosure: A cross-sectional study.

To assess Lebanese medical students' attitudes towards patient safety and medical error disclosure. This was a cross-sectional study involving medical students from seven different medical schools in Lebanon. The participants completed the Attitudes to Patient Safety Questionnaire (APSQ-III) online, which consists of 26 items across nine key patient safety domains. Items were scored from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree). Demographic data were also collected. Of the 549 students enrolled in the study, 325 (59%) were female and 224 (41%) were male. More than half (287, 52%) were aged between 20 and 22 years and 95% were Lebanese. The overall attitude of students towards patient safety was positive (3.59 ± 0.85) with the most positive attitudes in the domains of 'Team functioning' followed by 'Working hours as an error cause'. More positive attitudes were perceived among male students in the domains of 'Professional incompetence as an error cause' and 'Disclosure responsibility' whereas more positive attitudes were seen in female students in the domain of 'Working hour as an error cause'. Older medical students had more positive attitudes in the domain of 'Team functioning' than younger students. Medical students in Lebanon had an overall positive attitude towards patient safety. These findings may be used to guide improvements in patient safety education and enhance patient-centred care in medical institutions in Lebanon.

How Management Disclosure and Auditor Disclosure Affect Auditor Liability: The Case of the Going Concern Financial Accounting Standard

SUMMARY A current FASB standard requires management to assess the ability of the entity to continue as a going concern (GC) and disclose any substantial doubt about such. Using contextualized experiments wherein the auditor does not issue a GC opinion for an entity that subsequently fails, we study the effects of management disclosure, increased management disclosure responsibility, and auditor disclosure on auditor blame, a proxy for auditor liability. Consistent with predictions based on the Culpable Control Model, we find (1) management disclosure of substantial doubt increases auditor liability; (2) when management has not disclosed substantial doubt, auditor liability is greater under higher management disclosure responsibility; and (3) including a GC-related critical audit matter (CAM) in the audit report mitigates auditor liability. These findings provide insights regarding consequences to auditors of management disclosure practices, specifically regarding the FASB’s GC standard and the efficacy of auditor disclosure via CAMs to mitigate those consequences. Data Availability: Data are available upon request.

Enhanced management information disclosure responsibilities and corporate risk-taking: Evidence from the accountability system for errors in China

Enhancing management's responsibility for information disclosure can improve a firm's risk-taking by improving its resource allocation efficiency, but it can also reduce firm risk-taking by increasing managers' risk aversion. After the regulation change from the China Securities Regulatory Commission to require the listed companies to establish an accountability system for material errors in information disclosure of annual reports (hereinafter referred to as the “accountability system for errors”) in late 2009, the risk of misreporting became substantially higher. This paper explores how the accountability system for errors with strengthened management's responsibility for information disclosure affects corporate risk-taking. We find that the accountability system for errors significantly reduces corporate risk-taking, especially idiosyncratic risk, and the impact is greater in firms with short-term CEO tenure and high-tech firms. The improved information environment and increased market pressure are the mechanisms by which the accountability system for errors reduces corporate risk-taking. Further research shows that after the policy change, firms reduce R&D expenditures and output and are more likely to diversify risk through fixed asset investment and diversified mergers and acquisitions. After establishing the accountability system for errors, the higher level of risk-taking will lead to lower CEO compensation and a higher probability of CEO dismissal. This paper enriches the research on corporate governance reform related to strengthening management responsibility. Our research also provides references and guidance for relevant regulatory authorities and listed companies in emerging markets to improve their corporate governance.

Pengaruh Company Size dan Environmental Performance Terhadap Pengungkapan lingkungan

This Research aims to examine and prove the effect of Company Size and Environmental Performance on Environmental Disclosure by using a quantitative method. This research topic is very important to study in analyzing the extent to which mining companies fulfill their obligations to carry out Environmental Disclosure in accordance with OJK Regulation No. 51 of 2017. The sampling method uses purposive sampling with a total sample of 65 data from 13 Mining Companies Listed on the BEI for the 2017-2021 period. Multiple linear regression was used to analyze the data with the Eviews 12 software. The results of this study prove that mining companies listed on the BEI already have a responsibility for environmental disclosure which is driven by the large size of company assets owned and environmental performance. In addition, there is evidence that mining companies listed on the BEI have not fully reported environmental disclosure based on GRI standards. The company only reported 12 of the 32 required indicators or around 37.64%.
 Keywords: Pengungkapan lingkungan, Company Size, Environmental Performance

Attitudes of undergraduate medical students toward patients’ safety in Jordan: a multi-center cross-sectional study

BackgroundPatient safety practices are crucial in healthcare as they aim to reduce harm, medical errors, and ensure favorable outcomes for patients. Therefore, this study aims to examine the attitudes towards patient safety among undergraduate medical students in Jordanian medical schools.MethodsA descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among undergraduate medical students. Participants completed the Attitudes to Patient Safety Questionnaire- III (APSQ-III), which examines students’ attitudes in 26 items distributed in nine domains. Results are represented as mean ± standard deviation for all participants and subgroups.ResultsOur study included 1226 medical students. They reported positive attitudes toward patient safety with a mean score of 4.9 (SD ± 0.65). Participants scored the highest score in “Working hours as error cause” followed by “Team functioning”. Gender, academic-year, and first-generation student status had a significant association with certain patient safety domains. Females scored significantly higher than males in four domains, while males scored higher in one domain. First-generation medical students had a significantly lower score for “Professional incompetence as error cause”. Interestingly, pre-clinical students recorded more positive attitudes in “Patient safety training received” and “Disclosure responsibility” domains.ConclusionUndergraduate medical students in Jordan demonstrated positive attitudes towards patient safety concepts. Our study provides baseline data to improve current educational programs and enhance the patient safety culture among medical students. Additional studies are needed to delve into actual attitudes toward patient safety and to assess how educational programs contribute to the cultivation of this culture.

Pengaruh Company Size dan Environmental Performance Terhadap Pengungkapan lingkungan

This Research aims to examine and prove the effect of Company Size and Environmental Performance on Environmental Disclosure by using a quantitative method. This research topic is very important to study in analyzing the extent to which mining companies fulfill their obligations to carry out Environmental Disclosure in accordance with OJK Regulation No. 51 of 2017. The sampling method uses purposive sampling with a total sample of 65 data from 13 Mining Companies Listed on the BEI for the 2017-2021 period. Multiple linear regression was used to analyze the data with the Eviews 12 software. The results of this study prove that mining companies listed on the BEI already have a responsibility for environmental disclosure which is driven by the large size of company assets owned and environmental performance. In addition, there is evidence that mining companies listed on the BEI have not fully reported environmental disclosure based on GRI standards. The company only reported 12 of the 32 required indicators or around 37.64%.

The importance of independent audit and ethics in prevention of risk in businesses

Purpose- Regarding risks that express the possibility of loss of financial, physical, human and intellectual resources of businesses, not only due to their effects on the existence of the relevant businesses; At the same time, due to its devastating effects extending to international economies, it has become necessary to make institutional and legal regulations at national and international levels. Since the focus of the regulations is on "independent auditing and ethical rules", examining this issue constitutes the purpose of the study. Methodology- The method of the study is to consider the audit institutions and concepts developed for the prevention of risk in the historical development process, to reveal the importance of independent auditing and ethical principles in terms of stakeholders and the social environment, and to evaluate the subject in a whole, based on the literature. Findings- In preventing risks; It has been determined that audit activities are carried out under three headings: public audit, internal audit and independent audit. In independent auditing, which provides assurance regarding the reliability of financial data and statements, ethical principles are a prerequisite for ensuring the public interest. When we look at the historical roots of the concept of independent auditing and ethical principles; The emergence of financial reporting and auditing scandals behind the sudden bankruptcies of international companies such as Enron, World Com, Xerox, Lucent in the USA and Parmalat in the EU has shaken the trust in capital markets, company management, financial reports, independent audit companies and auditors. The need to re-establish public confidence in the markets and to introduce regulations regarding the transparency, honesty and financial information disclosure responsibility of public companies necessitated institutional structuring and regulations. In this context, the Treadway commission, established in 1985 in the USA, prepared the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX) in 2002, and based on this law, the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB) was established to monitor the accounting sector in order to protect the interests of public company investors. International Supreme Audit Institutions have published the Code of Ethics Standard (ISSAI 30). In parallel, the Public Oversight Institution (KGK) and Capital Markets Board (SPK) in Turkey published the "Corporate Governance Principles". Conclusion- In order to prevent risks, independent auditing based on ethical principles, on the one hand, ensures the protection of stakeholders and public interest; On the other hand, it will contribute to the successful continuation of the activities of the related enterprises. The trust and transparency to be provided in the investment environment will be the guarantee of the development of national and international economies in general and the increase of social welfare and the dynamic of development. Keywords: : Risk, audit, ethics JEL Codes: M12, G10

Quality information disclosure with retailer store brand introduction in a supply chain

This study examines firms’ product quality information disclosure incentives in a supply chain wherein an upstream manufacturer sells a national brand via a downstream retailer who also sells its own store brand. Two disclosure formats, manufacturer disclosure (M-C) and retailer disclosure (R-C), are considered depending on which party bears responsibility for quality disclosure. We demonstrate that a retailer’s store brand induces the manufacturer (retailer) to reveal quality information more conservatively (aggressively). Further, when the store brand is introduced, the retailer may disclose more quality information in the R-C format than in the M-C format, given that both the brand preference differential and the disclosure costs are high. Moreover, we find that the store brand does not necessarily harm (benefit) the manufacturer (retailer) under the premise of asymmetric quality information. From the ex-ante perspective, the store brand may benefit both firms under the M-C format but prove disadvantageous under the R-C format. This suggests that, in addition to the ‘win–lose’ outcome for the retailer and the manufacturer, ‘win–win’ and ‘lose–lose’ outcomes may also arise in equilibrium with the store brand.

The Effect of Corporate Social Responsibility on Company Value in Financial Sector Companies on the Indonesia Stock Exchange

Today's company competition in Indonesia is getting tighter and more competitive. The company is an organization that has a specific purpose in running its business, every company wants to be able to meet the welfare and interests of its members and shareholders. This activity is known as Social Responsibility. Corporate social responsibility (CSR) emerged as an idea, companies are no longer faced with responsibilities that are based on a single bottom line, namely the value of the company which is reflected in its financial condition only. But the company's responsibility must rest on the triple bottom line, where the bottom line apart from finance is also social and environmental, because financial conditions alone are not enough to guarantee the company's value grows in a sustainable manner. The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of corporate social responsibility (CSR) disclosure on firm value with financial performance as a moderating variable. Data collection is carried out with data documentation based on financial reports and sustainability reports. All banking companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) during the 2016-2020 period are considered as the population of this study. The sample was selected using purposive sampling method. The number of research samples is 36 companies. This study uses Microsoft Excel and software Eviews12 with panel data regression model to test the hypothesis. At the 5% significance level, the results of the study show that CSR has a positive effect on the value of banking companies listed on the BEI, while financial performance is unable to moderate the effect of corporate CSR on firm value. In other words, CSR in banking has an effect on increasing the value of banking companies listed on the IDX.

The Effect of Good Corporate Governance (GCG) and Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Disclosure on Company Value with Profitability as Moderating Variables

This study aims to analyze the effect of Good Corporate Governance (GCG) and Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) disclosure on firm value with profitability as a moderating variable. This type of research is associative research with quantitative research methods that are systematic, planned, and structured using numbers as the research approach. The population in this study were 45 LQ45 companies, which were listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. While the research sample was selected using purposive sampling method with certain criteria. Based on the established criteria, 27 companies were obtained with a three-year research period. The data analysis method used in this study is descriptive statistical analysis, multiple linear regression analysis, and Moderated Regression Analysis interaction test using IBM Statistical Package for Social Science version 22 software. The results of the analysis state that Good Corporate Governance (GCG) has no effect on the value of company, Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has an effect on firm value, profitability is able to moderate the relationship between Good Corporate Governance on firm value and profitability is not able to moderate the relationship between Corporate Social Responsibility and firm value.

Impact of Managerial Ownership on Corporate Social Responsibility in Korea

A firm’s corporate social responsibility (CSR) record improves its image and that of its managers. This ultimately can positively affect enterprise value. However, CSR investments do not necessarily lead to better firm performance, as long-term costs are incurred. Therefore, managers often make CSR investment choices based on personal incentives. This study analyzed the relationship between managerial ownership and CSR activities in Korean public companies based on different managerial CSR incentives and ownership levels. Using the Korean Economic Justice Institute’s CSR index, the results show that firms with higher managerial ownership had excellent CSR records. Higher managerial ownership led to alignment between managers and shareholders, with managers making CSR investments to enhance long-term enterprise value. However, in firms with lower accounting transparency, managers reduced CSR investments. Managers did not value their CSR reputations in firms with poor financial reporting quality and serious information asymmetry. Instead, they diverted CSR resources to other projects to meet their interests. As Korean firms increase their investment in CSR, CSR disclosure responsibility is strengthened. Our study results provide significant implications to academics, practitioners, investors, and other stakeholders, suggesting the importance of corporate ownership structure on investment in CSR.

Bioethics for Genomic Medicine: Responsibility to Family or Responsibility for Disclosure

Disclosure of patients’ genetic information to their families is a central bioethical topic in genomic medicine. The issue of disclosure to family is often associated with a balance between patients’ autonomy and confidentiality and beneficence of their relatives. Communicating patients’ genetic risk profiles back to their family members gives them an opportunity to benefit from additional testing, screening and prevention of potential disorder, so that bioethicists have offered a several models of communication with families. There is no unified definition of the term “family” in bioethics or health law, although the concept of “family” has an important position in the history of private law. There are many ambiguities about such issues as “What does ‘family’ mean?”, “How can communication about genetic risks be placed in a framework of family responsibilities?”. The analysis of several cases in genomic medicine carried out in the article allows us to delve into ethical, administrative, and legal details of these issues in genomic medicine. Notions of “disclosure to family,” “intrafamilial disclosure,” “family dynamics” and “the best interests of the child” are discussed in the article in this regard. Various models of disclosure are grounded in different concepts of family and family relations. If we consider the health professional’s duty to warn of risks to be the duty to help family members with exercising their autonomy, the health professional is responsible to family and is not responsible for consequences of disclosure. The notion of relational autonomy (based on recognition of mutual obligations of family members) begins to be discussed in law and bioethics, however, it still lacks the ethical underpinning. The further research could be aimed at developing the ethical concept of dependency in family relations.

Methodology for researching corporate disclosure of business social responsibility: Information base and stages of implementation

This article continues a series of publications on the issues of accounting, analysis and assessment of the corporate social responsibility in a rapidly changing environment when society and business face new challenges. The authors provide methodological solutions to the problem of studying the social responsibility of Russian public companies based on the analysis of data disclosed in their financial and non-financial statements. The research uses abduction methods; logical analysis; logical content analysis of financial and non-financial reporting standards in terms of requirements for disclosure of social aspects; expert analysis of social reporting of Russian companies; linguistic analysis in order to identify the practice of using certain terms and concepts in the financial and non-financial reporting. The analysis of corporate reporting standards made it possible to propose a new model for analyzing disclosures in the field of corporate social responsibility. The authors reveal the most important issues of the corporate social responsibility by assessing the trends in the social sphere, identifying opportunities and threats for its further development connected with the evolution of society, economy and ecology, ongoing digitalization processes. Procedures of researching business social responsibility are developed and fully described. The documentary base of the research includes International Financial Reporting Standards, Sustainable Development Reporting Standards, Basic Performance Indicators of the Russian Union of Industrialists and Entrepreneurs (RSPP) as well as financial and non-financial reports of Russian companies operating in production industries. The results of the research are the proposals to apply the multi-stage approach, which makes it possible to assess the social responsibility of certain economic entities through the prism of global tasks the country and the world community face with. The analysis of the complex problems of business and civilization allows us to identify five top problems in the light of which the social responsibility of large companies should be assessed, as well as to build a logical connection between these top problems and the key topics of disclosures in corporate reports.

Characteristics of Islamic Corporate Social Responsibility (ICSR) Disclosures

The company’s CSR activities illustrate that, in addition to carrying out its operational activities, the company is also responsible for the sur-rounding environment. This sharia-based social performance reporting is assessed based on the sharia index developed by AAOFI (Accounting and Auditing Organization for Islamic Financial Institutions). The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of public share ownership, firm size, leverage, profitability, and corporate governance on the disclosure of Islamic Corporate Social Responsibility (ICSR). The sample was taken from 12 sharia companies registered in the Jakarta Islamic Index (JII) for the 2015-2020 period using a purposive sampling technique. The data were analysed using panel data regression analysis through the EViews 11 application. Firms and profitability affect Islamic Corporate Social Responsibility (ICSR) disclosures, and public share ownership has a negative effect on ICSR disclosures, while leverage and corporate governance variables do not affect Islamic Corporate Social Responsibility (ICSR) disclosures. Based on the results of this study, it is expected that elements in corporate governance can carry out their duties and responsibilities in carrying out their duties so that ICSR disclosure is carried out better.

FAMILY BUSINESS AND THEIR CONCERN TO CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY DISCLOSURE

The purpose of this study is to empirically examine the effect of a family business on the disclosure of Corporate Social Responsibility. The sample in this study is a company that can be identified as a family company in a manufacturing company listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2017 – 2019. The number of samples in this study is 99 samples. This study divides the family business into two variables: the family as the first largest shareholder and the family as the second-largest shareholder. The variable of family ownership as the first largest shareholder is measured using a dummy variable, given a value of 1 if the family is the first largest shareholder and 0 otherwise. The variable of family ownership as the second-largest shareholder is measured using a dummy variable, given a value of 1 if the family is the second-largest shareholder and 0 if other. CSR disclosure variable is measured using the disclosure index. The first control variable is the firm size measured using the natural logarithm of total assets. The second control variable is the firm age measured using years the firm was found until years of the research. Data were analyzed using multiple regression. The results showed that the family as the first largest shareholder and the family as the second-largest shareholder had no significant effect on corporate social responsibility disclosure.

Patient safety attitudes in the next generation of healthcare providers. A review of the literature

Abstract Background A comprehensive understanding of the attitudes towards patient safety of the new generation of healthcare workers is fundamental not only for ensuring safe, high-quality care in the present but also for creating a safer healthcare setting in the future. This study aimed to systematically review the literature on patient safety attitudes of health professional students, new graduates, newly registered health professionals, and resident trainees, and to examine potential differences in this population with respect to year of study, specialty, and gender. Methods We searched four databases (i.e., PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and PsycInfo) up to 20/02/2020 and screened also additional sources, including weekly, automatic e-mailed search alerts up to 18/10/2020. Two reviewers independently performed all methodological steps (i.e., search, study selection, quality appraisal, data extraction and formal narrative synthesis), including a third reviewer in case of disagreement. Results We identified 6606 records, assessed 188 full-texts, and included 31 articles. Across studies, healthcare students and young professionals reported more positive patient safety attitudes in certain domains (e.g., teamwork climate, error inevitability, received patient safety training) but showed more negative attitudes in other areas (e.g., management support, safety climate, disclosure responsibility). Women and persons with more years of study and training demonstrated more positive attitudes towards patient safety. Conclusions Healthcare students should receive early curricular education in patient safety to build a solid foundation for the development of a strong and healthy safety culture. Understanding the differences in attitudes between aspiring healthcare providers from different areas is important to tailor teaching and training to the specific needs of certain populations. Key messages According to the reviewed literature, young healthcare students and professionals’ attitudes towards patient safety differed across domains. Institutions should increase education and training on patient safety for aspiring healthcare professionals, tailor them to the specific needs of this population, and monitor attitudes over time.

Application of Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) Principles for Measuring Quality of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Disclosure: Evidence from Pakistan

CSR Reporting is an essential mechanism for ensuring the transparency and accountability of companies towards sustainability performance. To further promote that sustainable development agenda, CSR-related regulations and policies have emerged worldwide, including in Pakistan. Therefore this study assesses the quality of corporate social responsibility in annual reports issued by firms listed at the Pakistan Stock Exchange. This study has operationalized the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) principles for examining the quality of CSR disclosures. The paper sample comprised 540 annual reports of 90 financial or non-financial companies from the years 2012 to 2017. Content analysis is performed to look for six quality principles and measures, i.e., balance, comparability, accuracy, clarity, reliability, and timeliness. Results suggested that most Pakistani firms provide precise and on-time information and put less emphasis on the balance of information and comparable information. Moreover, this study also highlighted that organizations should implement the GRI principle for disclosing qualitative CSR report.