Responsibility For Care Research Articles

Application of artificial intelligence in medical education: A meta-ethnographic synthesis

Background With the advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AI), it has had a profound impact on medical education. Understanding the advantages and issues of AI in medical education, providing guidance for educators, and overcoming challenges in the implementation process is particularly important. Objective The objective of this study is to explore the current state of AI applications in medical education. Methods A systematic search was conducted across databases such as PsycINFO, CINAHL, Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science to identify relevant studies. The Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) was employed for the quality assessment of these studies, followed by thematic synthesis to analyze the themes from the included research. Results Ultimately, 21 studies were identified, establishing four themes: (1) Shaping the Future: Current Trends in AI within Medical Education; (2) Advancing Medical Instruction: The Transformative Power of AI; (3) Navigating the Ethical Landscape of AI in Medical Education; (4) Fostering Synergy: Integrating Artificial Intelligence in Medical Curriculum. Conclusion Artificial intelligence’s role in medical education, while not yet extensive, is impactful and promising. Despite challenges, including ethical concerns over privacy, responsibility, and humanistic care, future efforts should focus on integrating AI through targeted courses to improve educational quality.

New House, New Furniture, New Room: Children’s Pandemic Landscapes of Care in Chile

Standing at the intersection between geographies of care and children’s geographies, we present three ethnographic stories (emerging from three ethnographic studies) through which we argue that, as a result of pandemic confinement in Chile, children’s places within their landscapes of care shifted in a twofold sense: First, given the de-mobilisation and spatial concentration of spaces of care at home, children’s place became closer to adults,’ suspending the usual spatial segregation that separates them. And second, in tandem with this new proximity that we refer to as in-person family relationships, new possibilities for the involvement of children in family care practices emerged. This rearrangement of children’s places within landscapes of care brings to the fore two interrelated aspects of family care from children’s perspective. First, the kind and amount of in-person family time spent in a shared space in “normal” times was not enough from the perspective of children’s needs and interests. And second, even though children are usually seen as subjects of care, they are people who care for others and who are able to take on more caring responsibilities than the ones that they usually are expected to.

Exploring the relationship between energy poverty and mental wellbeing: a qualitative study

Abstract Background Rising rates of energy poverty in Europe, affecting 11% of households, are a serious public health concern. The inability to meet energy needs impacts mental wellbeing, preventing people from productively engaging in society. Our objective was to explore this relationship within the context of three European cities, each characterized by distinct climatic conditions, cultural and societal characteristics and governance arrangements. This work is part of the European funded research project WELLBASED, grant no. 945097. Methods Semi-structured interviews (n = 34) were conducted with people experiencing energy poverty in the United Kingdom, the Netherlands and Spain. Purposive sampling ensured the representation of a diverse range of family and household types, gender and experiences with energy poverty. Thematic analysis was conducted using MaxQDA software. Preliminary results The analysis resulted in six themes: (1) worries and fear (2) stress (3) value of the home and neighborhood, (4) caring for others, (5) engaging with daily life and (6) autonomy in managing the situation and seeking for and receiving support. Participants were worried and stressed about the rising energy bills, the thermal discomfort, and health impacts of their poor housing conditions. In relation to caring responsibilities, participants were especially concerned about the impact on their children and prioritized children’s needs. Participants also expressed a strong will for independence and having control over their lives, but at the same time valued being seen and supported. Conclusions The persistent worries, fear and stress highlight implications of failure to meet energy needs for mental wellbeing. Caring responsibilities, engaging with daily life and autonomy proved important for mental wellbeing among people living in energy poverty. Our findings call for addressing energy poverty challenges in public health programs to improve mental wellbeing of vulnerable citizens. Key messages • People experiencing energy poverty in the United Kingdom, Spain and the Netherlands recognize the impact of their energy poverty situation on their mental wellbeing. • The public health community needs to be informed and engaged about the impact of energy poverty on mental wellbeing in order to take action.

UPDATE KNOWLEDGE: PERAN GENDER DAN MASA KERJA TERHADAP MOTIVASI KERJA PERAWAT DI RAWAT INAP RUMAH SAKIT

<p><em>Quantitative workload can be expressed as the amount of work required to fulfil a patient's medical needs. High-quality workload represents a high level of responsibility in patient care. Nurses' workload is the most important predictor of mental health, stress, job dissatisfaction, fatigue, and the presence of burnout. This service activity aims to provide and increase student knowledge about the Effect of Gender and Years of Service on Work Motivation of Nurses in Hospital Inpatients to Students of the Hospital Administration Study Program, Undergraduate Program, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kusuma Husada University, Surakarta by using a pre-experiment design with a research design of one group pretest and post-test design with a total of 35 students and the activity time in May 2024. This service uses quantitative research with multiple linear regression. There is an increase in the knowledge of participants before and after the provision of material marked by the pre-test and post test which shows that the level of knowledge before being given the material is 69% but after being given the material has increased to 89%. There is a significant difference between students' knowledge about gender roles and tenure on nurses' work motivation in hospital inpatient care.</em></p><p><strong><em>Keywords: Workload, Gender, Work motivation, Nurses, Hospitalisation</em></strong><em></em></p>

On Being a Good Worker, a Good Mother, a Good Carer: Women Journalists, Motherhood, and Caregiving

ABSTRACT This paper examines the relationship between journalism, caregiving, and family-building, focusing on women journalists in Portugal. Drawing on a critical thematic analysis of thirty interviews, it explores an analytic framework that includes cultural, structural, and agentic dimensions of career limitations, organised in three overarching themes. The first examines how women journalists experience work constraints stemming from traditional cultural ideals where women are still the main caregivers and work cultures that perpetuate a male perspective on professional routines. The second theme explores the mismatch between work and care responsibilities that arises from prevailing family structures and work processes. The third theme centres on how women journalists respond to constraints by making choices and developing strategies. Journalists’ reflexive deliberations about career decisions, employment conditions, family life and cultural assumptions underpinning parenthood demonstrate the complex interrelationship between cultural and working structures, organisational materiality, and agency. Together, these dimensions replicate patterns that make journalism more inhospitable for women. A central point in this research is that while a systemic gender bias exists beyond the sector, workplace inequalities are particularly consequential for journalism and democracy.

Navigating the COVID-19 crisis: exploring care arrangements and gendered inequalities for migrant women in transnational families in Berlin

ABSTRACT The COVID-19 pandemic has precipitated a notable shift in care responsibilities, transferring them from institutions to families, with a pronounced impact on migrant women in transnational families who navigate both local and transnational care arrangements. This study explored how the pandemic affected women's care arrangements and exacerbated existing inequalities at the intersection of labour, migration, and welfare regimes. Following a qualitative methodology based on grounded theory and ethnography, this study analysed interviews with migrant women, their family members, and experts to understand their experiences with caregiving and transnational family dynamics during the pandemic, the costs and coping strategies related to gendered aspects of care, and the changing landscape of migration and care policies during the pandemic. This study scrutinised the intricate web of local and transnational caregiving structures, emphasising women's agency in negotiating care needs amid pandemic restrictions and constraints on access to formal social protection.

Opportunity lost: addressing DEI in academic conference design practices

PurposeAttending academic conferences is important for career progression. However, conferences can be experienced as exclusionary by historically marginalised groups. Non-attendance through exclusionary event design thus has far-reaching consequences, which is a social and structural justice issue. This research therefore aims to shine a light on event design in academic conferences, and its relationship to diversity, equity and inclusion (DEI).Design/methodology/approachThrough empirical study, we address the question “Are academic conferences communicating a commitment to DEI for delegates from historically marginalised groups, and if so, how?”. Using a content protocol (Loh et al., 2022) and signalling theory (Bradley et al., 2023), we analyse the publicly available conference materials of 70 tourism, leisure, events and hospitality academic conferences planned or convened between 2023 and 2025 to assess DEI discourses and practices for evidence of conference design that fosters inclusivity, belongingness and therefore addresses justice.FindingsReferences to one or more elements of DEI were found in the discourses of around one quarter of the conferences. However, for BIPOC [1], precarious academics, those from the LGBTQIA+ or disability communities, those with caring responsibilities, those on low or no incomes or with visa requirements, and to a large degree still for women, there were few signs within conference design practices that could be construed as conveying a welcoming culture. We therefore argue that academic conferences within the fields of tourism, leisure, events and hospitality are perpetuating inequity, exclusion and injustice through failing to give full consideration to whom their event design practices are inviting to participate. This is an opportunity lost, and we provide a checklist for conference organisers to help them communicate that historically marginalised academics are welcome and belong at their event.Originality/valueWe believe this is the first study to take a DEI lens to an examination of academic conferences, and apply a content protocol and signalling theory as analytic tools in the process.

Evaluation and redesign of an internal medicine pharmacy practice model at a tertiary care hospital.

In an effort to expedite the publication of articles, AJHP is posting manuscripts online as soon as possible after acceptance. Accepted manuscripts have been peer-reviewed and copyedited, but are posted online before technical formatting and author proofing. These manuscripts are not the final version of record and will be replaced with the final article (formatted per AJHP style and proofed by the authors) at a later time. Clinical pharmacists are embedded into the care for patients admitted to internal medicine floors at Cleveland Clinic. The existing practice model utilized by the internal medicine pharmacy team had an uneven distribution of clinical activities among the various pharmacist roles. A study was completed to evaluate a potential adjustment to the pharmacy practice model. The objective of this study was to assess the type and quantity of clinical activities performed by each pharmacist role. These data were then utilized to evaluate the need for redistribution of care activities among the pharmacist roles and to determine the need for additional pharmacist full-time equivalents. From January to February 2023, data pertaining to the amount and type of clinical activities completed by the 9 internal medicine pharmacist roles was either manually collected or extracted from the electronic medical record. The data were then utilized to calculate a responsibility score for each role. Descriptive statistics were also calculated to assess the results. Each pharmacist role cared for an average of 34.4 patients (minimum, 24.4; maximum, 57.7) during the study period. The average responsibility score for each pharmacist role was 309.8 (minimum, 237.5; maximum, 447.8). On the basis of the data collected during the 4-week study period, a new pharmacy practice model was developed that incorporated 2 additional full-time equivalents. This model balanced patient care responsibilities among the pharmacist roles and moved the practice model from a location-based to a team-based coverage model.

Patients’ Perception of using Robotics and Artificial Intelligence in Dentistry: A Cross-sectional Study

Introduction Robotics and Artificial Intelligence (R&AI) are now playing a significant role in influencing the future of dentistry, owing to the fast advancements in technology. The use of AI in dentistry has already begun to enhance patient care and streamline operational efficiency. However, there has been limited research exploring how dental patients perceive the adoption of R&AI. Objective To assess and evaluate the knowledge, concerns, and perceptions of patients agreeing to undergo treatment in its variable forms and procedures under R&AI in order to gain insight into the public understanding of such advanced technologies. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted at the dental teaching hospital of King Abdul Aziz University in Saudi Arabia from July 2023 to December 2023. The subjects were dental patients from an open network and the public community in different segments, with an alternate group of ages. A digital questionnaire from Google Surveys was used. Data was analyzed using IBM SPSS version 23 (IBM Corp., Armonk, N.Y., USA). Results This study evaluated the perceptions of 807 participants about R&AI dental treatment. The majority, 78.3%, n = 632, reported having already encountered the term AI in dentistry; however, they had never encountered any AI-based treatment (91.9%, n = 742) and remained uninterested in seizing the opportunity (52.8%, n = 381). Around one-third of them also perceived strong disagreement with the dental performance of robotics alone (39.2%, n = 316), even if it was offered at a reduced cost compared to normal treatment (30.7%, n = 248). Conclusion The study's findings reveal that patients' perceptions of R&AI-assisted dental procedures remain inconsistent. While the participants show a greater willingness to embrace the use of R&AI in dental operations, their overall level of trust in R&AI is only mediocre. Patients believe it is critical for a dentist to have control over the R&AI application and take full responsibility for dental care.

Conceptualizing social support in families of children with special needs

Purpose: Families usually try to organize the family environment and reach out to resources that can meet their child's needs. Successful resource utilization is important for families in dealing with the daily challenges and demands of caring for a child with special needs. In particular, social support influences the successful adaptation of these families. The concept of social support is increasingly being used to understand families and their functioning, and this research contributes to the evolving process of adaptation. Method: This study used systematic literature review design. The article search was carried out from January- March 2022 for the literature on parenting styles for children with special needs. Result: The results mentioned that one or all of the family members experienced adjustments in their work, i.e. shortened working hours, quit their job, or quit their job. The various adjustments that must be made often lead to various disturbances and stress for parents. The stress experienced by parents is also related to the heavy responsibilities of caring for and raising children. Parents' reactions vary. There are parents who cope realistically, resisting, feeling sorry for themselves. When facing significant stressors, families will go through certain processes that allow them to survive and adapt until they can become a harmonious family. Conclusion: This social support can be emotional, assistance, or informational because it can have an effect on children with special needs so that they do not have to worry about their own weaknesses. Children with special needs that they do not feel different from normal children. This shows that one of the family functions is working very well.

Divergent rhythms of motherhood. Patterns of paid and unpaid work and domestic outsourcing among mothers in the United Kingdom and Western Germany

Objective: This article investigates class differences in mothers’ daily organization of paid and unpaid work, and how they are associated with domestic outsourcing in the United Kingdom and Western Germany. Background: Operating hours of schools and daycare facilities often conflict with long working hours in high-skilled jobs and nonstandard working hours in low-skilled jobs. However, little is known on whether advantaged mothers rely on domestic outsourcing to resolve such scheduling conflicts, and how disadvantaged mothers reconcile their daily care responsibilities with paid work, depending on the welfare state context. Method: The study uses sequence and cluster analyses on time-use data to identify typical patterns of paid and unpaid work (N=1,947). Regression models predict how these patterns differ by the mothers’ education and household income, and how they are associated with outsourcing housework and childcare. Results: In both contexts, disadvantaged mothers were more likely to have unpaid workdays rather than nonstandard workdays. However, British advantaged mothers were considerably more likely to outsource childcare to pursue standard workdays. By contrast, the pattern of partial workdays in the morning, combined with more unpaid work allocation, prevailed among Western German mothers. Conclusion: In the United Kingdom, more market-oriented as opposed to conservative family policies, stronger labor market deregulation, and more consistent policy incentives for domestic outsourcing seem more effective than in Western Germany in promoting advantaged mothers’ careers. However, this comes at the expense of greater class differences in how mothers organize their time.

Acute Care Nurses' Partnership With Patients to Recognise and Respond to Changes in Patients' Clinical States: AQualitative Study.

To explore and describe acute care nurses' partnership with patients to recognise and respond to changes in patients' clinical states. Acute care nurses' decisions to partner with patients to recognise deterioration in clinical states and to respond by activating a rapid response system improves patient outcomes. Acutely unwell patients can also experience clinical changes that include improvement and deterioration that does not trigger rapid response system activation over the course of hospitalisation from illness and treatment. How acute care nurses partner with patients in response to improvement and deterioration not triggering a rapid response system is not well-understood. An exploratory, descriptive study underpinned by Tanner's Clinical Judgement Model. Using purposive and quota sampling, 20 nurses with direct patient care responsibilities on one medical and one surgical ward in a large Australian hospital were recruited. Nonparticipant observations followed by semistructured interviews were conducted between January and May of 2021. Nurse-patient interactions were observed for 4 h, and verbally described and recorded. Semistructured interviews were recorded and explored nurses' reasoning behind decisions observed. Reflexive thematic analysis was used to analyse the data. Three themes were identified from the data: nurses checking in for changes; nurses forming judgements; and nurses partnering with patients to respond. Acute care nurses promoted subjective assessment based on patients' safety risks. Patients' participation in response to changes was prioritised based on acute care nurses' judgement of safety. Patients receive significant safety benefits when acute care nurses partner with patients in response to their experience of improvement and deterioration during acute illness. Further research should evaluate the sensitivity of subjective cues in patient assessment. Partnership with patients in assessment and management of improvement and deterioration improves the quality and safety of patient care. Assessment frameworks should equally prioritise the use of objective and subjective cues. Nursing education should promote the safety benefits of patient partnerships in responding to patient changes. Equator checklist COREQ. Data collected included description of patients' interactions with study participants.

Patient and carer feedback and engagement with ECHOMANTRA, a digital guided intervention for anorexia nervosa.

We developed ECHOMANTRA, a digital guided intervention for patients with anorexia nervosa and their carers to provide support during transition from inpatient care to community settings. This study reports on participants' engagement with, and feedback of, ECHOMANTRA. Patients and carers (N=184 dyads) were given access to ECHOMANTRA for 12months. The intervention included online groups, a workbook and recovery-oriented videoclips. Satisfactory engagement was defined as attendance of a minimum of four online groups by each dyad. Participants received an Intervention Feedback Form to measure frequency of use and provide feedback of the intervention. Those who did not meet the engagement criterion were asked to complete an Obstacles to Engagement Form. 19% of the sample reached the engagement criterion. Seventy-six patients and 60 carers completed the Intervention Feedback Form. Of those, approximately 60% reported using at least a quarter of the workbook and videoclips. Overall, participants found the materials useful and easy to access (median=3 on a scale 1-5). Obstacles to engagement (35 patients and 14 carers) included lack of time due to caring responsibilities, treatment, work/school commitments. A more personalised form of support may be needed to enhance motivation and ability to change following inpatient care.

Intensity of care and the health status of caregivers to elderly rural South Africans.

Informal caregivers play an indispensable role in and are often the sole source of care for older adults in low and middle-income settings worldwide. Intensive informal care predicts mortality and morbidity among caregivers in higher-income settings. However, there is limited evidence from poorer settings, including Africa countries, where caregiving is shared widely, including across generations. We therefore investigated caregivers' health status in rural South Africa. We conducted quantitative interviews with all household members and all non-household caregivers aged ≥12 (n=1012) of 106 older adults in rural Mpumalanga, South Africa. We used multivariable regression with care-recipient random intercepts to assess the relationships between four caregiving characteristics and both self-reported chronic conditions and self-reported health status, considering how caregiver age moderated each association. Over half of all caregivers reported at least one chronic health condition, despite half being aged under 40. Caregivers self-reporting the worst health status provided high hours of care. However, caregivers' health status was not significantly associated with weekly care quantity or history of caring. Those aged ≥40 who reported being a main caregiver had 52% increased odds of reporting poorer health compared to other same-aged carers (95% confidence interval: 0.99, 2.35), while having more chronic conditions was associated with being expected to act as a sole caregiver more often among caregivers aged ≤39. Greater caring responsibilities for older adults were not consistently associated with caregivers' health in a setting where poor health is common, and caregiving is spread widely. Longitudinal data is necessary to unpack possible explanations of these findings, and to determine whether intensive caregiving speeds downward health trajectories for carers.

Participation and influence of welfare associations in early childhood education in legislative procedures in Germany

ABSTRACT In Germany, responsibility for early childhood education and care (ECEC) lies with the 16 federal states, which define the structures, financing and regulations concerning ECEC. Due to a subsidiary system, municipalities are not able to offer ECEC as long as private providers offer enough places. These providers employ a large variety of pedagogical concepts and practices. The article explores the role of welfare associations and interest groups in ECEC policies. What is their position in legislative procedures and their influence on the development of a competent system under the perspective of professionalization? First, we give a theoretical framework about professionalization and the development of a competent system and then describe the structure of the German ECEC system. Then we provide a content analysis of documents on the influence of associations in an exemplary legislative procedure to promote quality in ECEC. The results illustrate how welfare associations can influence ECEC policies.

30 Years of Responsible Care in the Czech Republic

Responsible Care is a voluntary health, safety and environmental initiative of the global chemical industry with the main goal of increasing social trust in the industry, execution of responsible business and sustainability. This year marks thirty years since the first Czech chemical companies joined this voluntary initiative and adhere to its rules summarized in the Responsible Care Charter. To date, more than 90 chemical companies have been actively committed to this activity and respect its rules.

The Identification of Student Carers and the Burden of their Caring Responsibilities on Academic engagement and Student Life

Student carers have significant responsibilities in addition to their studies This can result in adverse effects on academic achievement and the student experience. It is unclear how many students at Kingston University and nationally have significant caring responsibilities and what impact this has on their studies and overall wellbeing. This study aimed to identify this growing population of student carers within the biosciences at Kingston University and reveal common issues they face such as motivation and quality of student experience. A self-reporting questionnaire was provided to students all years of their Undergraduate (UG) degree as well as MSc students. A total of 33 students who identify as student carers completed the questionnaire with 81% reporting that caring responsibilities have affected their course performance and 68% revealing that they have struggled to meet assessment deadlines due to caring responsibilities. Almost 50% of respondents revealed that they have considered leaving their course and 77% declared that their mental health and wellbeing was negatively impacted, suggesting the need for a clear support system to be implemented.

(Re)conceptualising consumer interdependency of care: Persistent struggles with dependency and responsibility

This conceptual paper explores how consumers become entangled in persistent struggles of care in consumption. While extant marketing theory focuses on the neoliberal responsibility of care as an autonomous and independent act, we problematise and extend the current theorisation of consumers’ struggles of care by examining the interrelated struggles of consumer responsibility of care and market relations of care. Building on marketing and interdisciplinary insights, we develop a novel lens of consumer interdependency of care to capture how a consumer responsibility is negotiated within varied relations of care. We contribute to a holistic and critical understanding of care in consumption as a problematic interplay between a responsibility of care and a dependency of care. By examining three types of consumer interdependency across consumption contexts, we discuss challenges and future research direction in the provision, mediation, and positioning of care, and bring critical attention to the power imbalances of care and consumer vulnerability.

Informed consent in the age of smart technologies

Technology is increasingly being brought into the home care of older people. Digitalization is seen as an enabler for efficient and resource-saving operations. In the use of technology, informed consent is considered an ethical practice and part of a responsible home care service system. The aim of this article is to describe the problem of informed consent in situations where emerging technologies, such as artificial intelligence (AI) and mass data, are used as part of welfare services and home care for older people. The article discusses principles and ways to better integrate informed consent as an ethical practice into a responsible home care service system. A qualitative study was carried out to gather the views of experts in the field of elderly care and ethics. A content analysis of a semi-structured focus group was used to explore perceptions of the changing nature of informed consent. According to our findings, the informed consent model requires updating. The key is to embrace the idea that consent is a living process designed to respect people's autonomous choices and protect them from risk. If the nature of the use of the data collected from individuals changes significantly in the future, the consent should also be updated to reflect this change. This aspect is important because new technologies will change the nature of the collection and use of the data. Mass data collection combines multiple databases so that the resulting data can be used even far from the original purpose or context in which it was collected. Therefore, consent should always be tailored to the context, allowing sufficient time for the person seeking and giving consent to clarify the content of the consent. This process highlights the importance of understanding the agency of the consent giver.

From Institutions to Families? The Changing Allocation of Responsibility for Cognitively Disabled Children in Dutch Postwar Long-Term Care Policies

Who is responsible for health care? Neoliberal policies since the 1970s seem to place this responsibility increasingly on the individual, in a process that is called responsibilization. The recent literature on neoliberalism, however, has questioned the preference of free-market liberalism for individual responsibility and shows how neoliberals often made common cause with communitarian conservatives on social policies. Melinda Cooper, for instance, has argued in her book Family Values that free-market liberals and social conservatives in the US both identified the family as a ‘wholesale alternative to the 20-century welfare state’. This article investigates whether this coalition of neoliberals and social conservatives, who agree on the importance of familial solidarity in addition to market freedom, has also played a role in the making of Dutch health care policies. By tracing how responsibility for long-term care has been allocated in the postwar Netherlands in the specific case of children with (cognitive) disabilities, the author will show how ‘the family’ has increasingly been embraced by policymakers as the main responsible party. This is remarkable because the Dutch postwar welfare state sought to loosen family ties in favour of individual arrangements. However, attempts by different stakeholders to deinstitutionalize Dutch health care during the 1990s unintentionally moved the state's responsibility for long-term care not so much onto individuals as onto families.