Professional Responsibility Research Articles

The challenges of children's safety in pre-hospital emergencies: a qualitative study

Objective: Exploring the challenges experienced by the pre-hospital emergency personnel to prevent the secondary injuries and provide more effective services to children can be helpful. This study aims to explain the safety challenges of children in the pre-hospital emergencies. Method: This qualitative study, which was conducted with the content analysis approach, was a semi-structured, and in-depth data collection process with the field notes for pre-hospital emergency personnel in Dezful city in 2022. Sampling was done in a targeted and available manner. The sampling process continued until the data saturation was reached. The trustworthiness of data was improved by reviewing and revising the data, experience and expertise of the interviewer, review of research participants and researchers. The research data, including interview texts and field notes, were divided into the semantic units, and then summarized by compression, and then abstracted in the order of subclasses, main classes, and finally themes. Results: Qualitative data analysis of interviews and notes led to the extraction of eight themes, which expressed the nature of children's safety challenges in the pre-hospital emergency: the lack of pre-hospital equipment for children, physical and mental characteristics of children, the lack of safety of vehicles for children, the lack of clinical skills of personnel for children, anxiety and non-cooperation of parents, operational and legal problems, the lack of attention to professional responsibility and high work pressure in children's missions . Conclusion: This study’s results showed that identifying children's safety challenges for pre-hospital emergency personnel can help better understand the care needs of this age group and help managers plan in order to reduce children's safety challenges in the pre-hospital missions.

Responsible AI in Organizational Training: Applications, Implications, and Recommendations for Future Development

Through a literature review, this study investigates the responsibility, application, and impact of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in organizational training based on the theoretical frameworks of Psychological, Economic, and Systems Theories in Human Resource Development (HRD). It emphasizes the importance of responsible AI training systems that adhere to non-discrimination, privacy, interpretability, professional responsibility, and accountability to ensure AI’s beneficial and equitable contribution to training. The application scenarios of AI in areas such as knowledge management, training needs analysis, training delivery, and feedback to provide personalized and efficient training solutions are analyzed. Moreover, it highlights the differing impacts of AI-supported training on organizations, trainers, and trainees and the significance of stakeholder engagement. Finally, it proposes recommendations for future research to broaden our understanding of AI’s application in training and assess its effects on policies and practices, guiding organizations to adopt AI technologies per HRD principles and ethical standards.

Work life-related loneliness among nurse managers and its effect on life satisfaction: Turkey's example.

To determine the effects of perceived workplace loneliness on life satisfaction among nurses working as managers. Nurses working as managers often encounter negative situations, and their consequences extend beyond their professional responsibilities to encompass nonprofessional domains, including life satisfaction. This study enrolled 158 nurse managers (NMs) after gaining their consent. Data from the descriptive cross-sectional study were obtained using the "Descriptive Information Form," "Loneliness in Work Life Scale," and "Life Satisfaction Scale." The relationship between relevant scales was assessed using Pearson's correlation analysis and multiple linear regression. A moderately strong, negative, and significant relationship was observed between work life-related loneliness and life satisfaction among NMs. Multiple regression analysis revealed that three independent variables-two LAWS subscales and the job satisfaction status-significantly affected NMs' life satisfaction (adjusted R2=0.39, p<0.001). Perceived loneliness and professional satisfaction are important predictors of life satisfaction among NMs. Thus, it is crucial to determine the factors that negatively affect the professional satisfaction and perceived loneliness of nurses working as managers and to implement psychosocial interventions in such cases. This study demonstrates the significance of identifying problems in the professional lives of NMs, who are involved in planning nursing services and implementing interventions to address these problems.

Profiling the Roles and Responsibilities of Professionals and Non-Professionals Providing Speech Language Services for Individuals with CLP in Resource-Limited Regions.

Fourteen Speech and Language Therapists/Pathologists (SLT/Ps) from 13 countries across 5 continents made up the International Confederation of Cleft Lip and Palate and Related Craniofacial Anomalies (ICCPCA) CLEFT 2022 Speech Taskforce. Following a group consensus activity led by an external facilitator using Lightning Design Thinking principles, "task-shifting" was identified as the topic for this Taskforce. Absence and scarcity of SLT/Ps in many parts of the world have led to non-SLT/Ps delivering speech and language therapy services to individuals with cleft lip +/- palate. This narrative is the first known attempt to develop a framework, describing the different types of providers and their scope of practice.

Latent transition analysis on post-traumatic stress and post-traumatic growth among firefighters

ABSTRACT Background: Firefighters, in the course of their professional responsibilities, confront an array of stressors contingent upon the distinctive characteristics of their duties. Objective: This study investigated the longitudinal impact of trauma incidents during duty on firefighters using latent transition analysis. Method: Data from 346 firefighters in South Korea who had experienced trauma events while on duty were utilized. Initially, latent groups were identified based on the relationship between post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and post-traumatic growth (PTG). Groups were labelled based on the analysis of differences in PTSD, mental health, and growth-related factors among classified groups. Subsequently, transition probabilities and patterns from Time 1 to Time 2 were examined, followed by an investigation into variances based on demographic factors (gender, age) and occupational factors (work experience, shift pattern) using variance analysis and multinomial logistic regression analysis. Results: First, at Time 2, a five-group model was classified into ‘Growth,’ ‘Resilience or Numbness,’ ‘Struggle,’ ‘Partial Struggle,’ and ‘PTSD’ groups. Second, upon examining the transition patterns between latent groups, four patterns emerged: ‘continued distress,’ ‘growth,’ ‘adaptation,’ and ‘escalated distress.’ Third, the ‘Struggle’ group showed a 0% probability of transitioning to the ‘Growth’ group, whereas it displayed the highest probability among the groups transitioning to the ‘PTSD’ group. Fourth, latent transition analysis results showed a strong tendency for the ‘Growth’ group and ‘Resilience or Numbness’ group to remain in the same category. Fifth, age was found to be a significant factor affecting the transition of latent groups. Conclusion: This research represents the inaugural attempt to longitudinally investigate the interplay between PTSD and PTG among firefighters.

Evaluating the Experiences of Novice Veterinary Clinical Practice Educators: A Qualitative Reflection on a UK Training Program.

Within the evolving landscape of veterinary education in the United Kingdom, an increasing shift toward a distributed model of instruction necessitates that clinicians who assume the role of novice educators, receive training as clinical educators. The University of Surrey has pioneered a training program aimed at promoting understanding and application of educational theory in veterinary educator identitydevelopment. This study investigated the reflections of novice educators upon conclusion of their training to delineate the program's efficacy and identify areas of educator training necessitating further research and enhancement. A convenience sample of 53 reflective narratives was subjected to inductive thematic analysis. Three principal themes emerged. The first encapsulated an enhanced cognizance of student learning needs, underscored by foundational learning theories. Notably, the introduction of "feedforward" and the incorporation of student reflection within the feedback mechanism were identified as innovative concepts. The second theme revolved around the personal growth experienced because of participation in the training program, with 47% of reflections articulating profound introspection. The final theme explored the perceptions of the rewards and challenges associated with balancing the educational program with routine professional responsibilities, highlighting an increase in self-confidence and the obstacles encountered in allocating time for training.

Teachers’ Well-Being and Instructional Efficacy: Basis for Professional Development Plan

This study investigates the impact of various aspects of teacher well-being on instructional efficacy, focusing on emotional aspects, work engagement, relationships with stakeholders, sense of purpose, and accomplishments. It examines how these factors influence planning and preparation, the learning environment, instructional effectiveness, and professional responsibilities. Conducted in Roosevelt County Schools, Montana, during the 2023-2024 school year, the study used a descriptive correlational approach with mixed methods, focusing on quantitative research. Data were collected via an adapted survey from 198 teachers and analyzed using statistical tools like mean, frequency, percentage, standard deviation, Spearman Correlation Test, and Kruskal-Wallis Test. The findings revealed no significant relationship between teacher well-being and demographic profiles such as age, race, years of experience, position, and grade level. However, higher educational attainment was significantly related to emotional well-being, accomplishments, and instructional efficacy in several areas. Age also influenced professional responsibilities. The study suggests that schools should prioritize well-being initiatives tailored to teachers' specific needs to enhance instructional efficacy. By promoting support systems and focusing on well-being in their planning processes, schools can create a positive and supportive learning environment that benefits both teachers and students.

A maze of responsibility

This paper is an attempt to deconstruct, formally decode the notion of responsibility frequently appearing in the process of deinstitutionalisation and long-term care provision. It is a Kafkian predicative category of subordination. Its value is determined by its two objects. "For what" we are responsible constitutes the substance of responsibility, "to what" constitutes its form and sense. By examining the substance of responsibility—for acts, things and people, we have derived the basic parameters, conditions constitutive of responsibility: loss (negative consequences), alienation, reification, removal of will and ascribing. Investigating the form of responsibility, of that to which we are responsible, we have schematically divided instances of responsibility into hierarchic and horizontal, as well as into reflexive and transient. Intricacies of responsibility to authorities, public, community as well as to near ones and the self are explored in their action and contemplative properties. Deinstitutionalisation on the one hand restores civic responsibility to the service users, on the other it transmutes its very conditions. The imperative is to restore their will capacity, not to ascribe acts to stigma, allow reappropriation and humanisation and to put the emphasis on achievement and success. In the case of the key worker, we demonstrate a new pattern of professional responsibility, in which acts are actors' responsibility, while helpers are responsible for service delivery, their own acts and for teamwork that will uphold the user's emancipation. In the transition to community, subordinative responsibility is being transformed into everyday responsiveness and common responsibility for humanity.

Examining liminality in professional practice, relational identities, and career prospects in resource-constrained health systems: Findings from an empirical study of medical and nurse interns in Kenya

We examine new doctors' and nurses' experiences of transitioning from training to practising as health professionals, drawing on the concept of liminality. Liminality is a stage of ‘in-betweenness’, involving uncertainty and ambiguity as people leave one social context and reintegrate into a new one. Surprisingly little research has explored new health professionals' experiences of liminality during role and career transitions, particularly in precarious and resource-constrained settings. Drawing on 146 qualitative interviews and seven focus groups, involving 121 new graduate medical doctors and nurses transitioning through internship training in Kenya, we describe three aspects of liminality. First, liminal professional practice, where interns realise that best practices learned during medical and nursing schools are often impossible to implement in resource constrained health care settings; instead they learn workarounds and practical norms. Second, liminal relational identities, where interns leave behind being students and adopt the identities and responsibilities of qualified professionals within pre-existing professional hierarchies of status and expertise. We explain how these new doctors and graduate nurses negotiate their liminal status, including in relation to more experienced but less qualified professional colleagues. We also discuss how interns cope with liminality due to disappointing and inadequate supervision and role modelling from senior colleagues but then find peer support and their place within their own professions. Finally, we discuss how new doctors and nurses come to terms with the precarity of working in resource constrained health systems, abandon expectations of secure, permanent employment and careers, and accept the realities of liminal professional careers. We explain how all three forms of liminality influence professionals' developing practices, identities, and careers. We call for further studies with a specific liminality lens to explore this critical period in health workers' careers, to inform policy and practice responding to global transformations in healthcare professions and practice.

The role of social work practitioners and human service professionals in long-term disaster recovery after the 2016 Alberta wildfires in Canada.

The 2016 Alberta wildfires resulted in widespread destruction of property and displacement of residents. Research aimed to identify the roles and responsibilities of social work practitioners and human service professionals in long-term disaster recovery. This article presents the findings from interviews, focus groups, and a survey with a total of 140 participants in Alberta, Canada. Implications for disaster social work planning, and response and recovery efforts in Canada and internationally, will inform the development of programs and policies to support and make visible the contribution of social workers and human service professionals in long-term disaster recovery.

Primary care medicine in Germany at the crossroads

In addition to the existing social law options for primary care under medical responsibility for those with statutory health insurance, there are several projects to supplement the service structures: healthcare kiosks, primary care centers and community health nursing as well as general practitioner outpatient clinics in hospitals. These new projects amount to an institutionalization of services that were previously based at outpatient offices and partially to the transfer of medical services that were previously the responsibility of doctors to the responsibility of non-physician healthcare professionals, with additional financial outlay but without creating new care capacities. The constructs considered do not appear to be suitable for making arelevant contribution to compensating for the gap in doctors specialized in general or internal medicine and in other medical professionals in ademographically induced capacity phasing out process that is forecast to last until around 2036. The further development of German social law on primary care should instead focus on increasing the efficiency of resources which are becoming scarcer through guided and graduated access to doctors according to medical criteria.

Examining School Nurses' Knowledge and Confidence Related to Their Intention to Screen for and Report Child Sexual Abuse: A Descriptive Cross-Sectional Study.

Child sexual abuse (CSA) is a preventable national public health problem that results in adverse health consequences. Research suggests youth experiencing CSA are often of school age. Screening for early detection of health issues is integral to school nurse (SN) practice. Still, there is little evidence that routine screening when CSA is suspected is occurring in schools, despite recommendations that it should be. Lack of confidence and knowledge related to screening and reporting for CSA contribute to a SN's missed opportunity for early intervention. The aim of this study was to describe SNs' knowledge and self-efficacy associated with screening for and reporting suspected CSA in school settings. A descriptive cross-sectional survey design was employed. The Child Abuse Report Intention Scale was sent to over 2,000 members of the National Association of School Nurses. Among SN respondents (N = 123), the main findings showed almost half reported being concerned a youth was experiencing CSA but may have missed identifying it. Self-efficacy and professional responsibility were predictors of SNs' intention to screen as well as knowledge about obvious and serious signs of abuse were predictors of SNs' intention to report in this sample. An educational partnership between forensic nurse examiners and SNs can facilitate improving SNs' knowledge about nonspecific physical and behavioral indicators of abuse that are not overtly obvious. The development of a screening tool specific for use by SNs can empower their confidence to screen by providing a resource for them to use as a guide when they are uncertain about the evidence.

Results of a Needs Assessment for a DEI Workshop for GME Program Coordinators.

Competency in diversity, equity, and inclusion skills is critical for graduate medical education program coordinators. Coordinators contribute to high-level personnel and program management while also providing informal social support to residents. However, little has been reported about program coordinator learning needs, interest, and self-reported skills and attitudes regarding diversity, equity, and inclusion initiatives in graduate medical education. This study sought to describe the characteristics, job tasks, attitudes, and learning needs of program coordinators attending a professional development session about diversity, equity, and inclusion. Participants registered for a September 2022 program coordinator professional development workshop on diversity, equity, inclusion, and bias were invited to complete an electronic needs assessment prior to the workshop. Items were based on expert opinion and literature review. We performed descriptive and comparative analysis. The response rate was 54% (106/198); 90% (94/104) of respondents identified as female; 42% (44/104) identified as an underrepresented minority. Fifty-seven percent (63/104) received mandatory training on bias while 13% (14/104) were previously trained on bias at a conference specific to the role of a coordinator. Eighty-nine percent (86/104) of coordinators reported having contact with applicants during recruiting; 67% (63/104) offer informal resident evaluations. Most participants agreed it is the coordinator's professional responsibility to confront colleagues who display signs of discrimination toward women (66%; 62/104) or based on cultural/ethnic identity (65%; 61/104). Program coordinators report visible and impactful roles in the residency leadership and management team. Few coordinators have received diversity, equity, and inclusion training related to their complex work in graduate medical education. Future graduate medical education diversity, equity, inclusion, and bias competency programs should specifically include program coordinators.

The Double Burden: A Study on Women's Dual Roles in the Workplace and Household Responsibilities in Kerala

This study examines the dual roles of women in Kerala, India, balancing professional responsibilities with traditional household duties using Work-Family Conflict theory. Despite Kerala's educational advancements and higher sex ratio, cultural expectations impose significant pressures on women, causing self-doubt, anxiety, and mental fatigue. The research reveals that while some women receive spousal support, the unequal division of household chores exacerbates work-family conflicts. A descriptive research design with convenience sampling was used to select respondents, and Chi-square tests assessed the impact of gender on beliefs about societal norms causing emotional and mental conflicts. Pearson’s Correlation evaluated the relationship between spousal support and job pressure among women. Despite the crucial role of economic contributions from both partners, traditional gender roles continue to impede women’s career progression and overall well-being. The study highlights the need for supportive workplace policies and societal changes to ease the dual burden on women, enhance gender equality, and improve mental health.

R v Noor: a landmark case in female genital mutilation prosecution

This article on the case of R v Noor (2024) discusses the second successful UK prosecution under the Female Genital Mutilation Act 2003, marking a significant legal precedent in addressing female genital mutilation. It underscores the critical role of midwives in detecting, reporting and caring for victims, highlighting the intersection of healthcare, law and ethics in combating this practice. By examining the case of Amina Noor, who took a child abroad for female genital mutilation, the article elucidates the legal ramifications of such acts. It stresses the importance of midwifery awareness, education and collaboration with legal entities to protect women and girls. The article advocates for continuous professional development, the use of legal tools such as female genital mutilation protection orders and a Commissioner to prevent female genital mutilation, emphasising the collective responsibility of healthcare professionals in eradicating this harmful practice and safeguarding vulnerable individuals.

The Impact of Changing Abortion Legislation on Emergency Medicine Residents in a State With Protected Abortion Rights.

Background The US Supreme Court's 2022 ruling in Dobbs v Jackson Women's Health Organization overturned Roe v Wade, allowing individual states to determine abortion restrictions, significantly impacting graduate medical education (GME). While focus has been on states enacting restrictions, the impacts in states where abortion rights are safeguarded are equally important. Emergency medicine (EM) serves as a safety net within the health care system, making it ideal for understanding the broader implications of these legal changes on GME. Objective To explore the experiences and perspectives of EM residents regarding changing abortion legislation in California, an abortion-protective state. Methods We conducted a qualitative study using transcendental phenomenology. Thirteen postgraduate year 4 EM residents from a single large university-based program in California participated in semistructured interviews in 2023. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis. Results Four themes were identified: (1) impact of changing abortion legislation on practice; (2) personal and professional decisions influenced by legislation; (3) navigating legal uncertainties in practice; and (4) advocacy and engagement beyond clinical practice. Residents reported varying levels of awareness and concern about the implications of abortion laws on EM practice, the influence of these laws on their career decisions, the need for legal guidance, and a commitment to advocacy. These themes highlight a complex interplay between legal changes, personal values, and professional responsibilities. Conclusions This study highlights the significant impact of the Dobbs decision on EM residents in California, revealing that residents face unique ethical, legal, and advocacy challenges that may affect their professional identity formation.

Navigating the Thin Line: The Mediating Role of Job Satisfaction on the Relationship between Work-Life Balance, Burnout, and Female Employee Performance

Abstract: This research brief examines the mediating role of job satisfaction on the relationship between work-life balance, burnout, and female employee performance. It outlines how supporting work-life balance and preventing burnout is critical for optimizing female employee engagement and productivity. An extensive literature review establishes the links between these factors and reveals how job satisfaction buffers against the negative effects of work-life imbalance and burnout on performance. Strategic recommendations are then provided based on this evidence, including promoting flexibility, fostering an understanding culture, empowering autonomy and impact, and prioritizing health and well-being. It argues that adopting these strategies can help companies sustain high female employee productivity and engagement despite challenges balancing professional and personal responsibilities.

Educational strategies for PET-Health Interprofessionality in Southwestern Goiás state, Brazil: a qualitative approach.

This study aimed to present educational interventions in the context of the Education Program through PET-Health Interprofessionality (PET-I), carried out in teaching and in healthcare service of a municipality of Goiás state, based on the analysis of focus groups and portfolios made by participants. A descriptive exploratory study with a qualitative approach was carried out, based on the theoretical-conceptual and methodological foundations of interprofessional education, from August 2019 to November 2020. It was observed that students perceived participation in PET-I as an opportunity to interact with other professions, to associate theory with practice and to act as leading actors. Participants believe that working together to provide the best care for patients requires a basic understanding of the different perspectives and responsibilities of professionals involved. They emphasized informal conversations, meetings, and case discussions as opportunities to understand professional's opinions and assignments, and deepen their understanding of the importance of collaborative communication.

Меры дисциплинарной ответственности в отношении адвокатов: зарубежный опыт

The article presents an analysis of the regulation of measures of professional responsibility of lawyers in modern foreign countries, which allows us to come to conclusions about the possibility of improving this institution in the Russian Federation.

Health Locus of Control and Physical Activity in Liver Transplant Recipients.

Health locus of controlhas the potential to influence health behavior among individuals with chronic diseases. However, little is known regarding the relationship between locus of control and physical activity in transplant recipients. The aim of the study was to investigate health locus of control and physical activity in liver transplant recipients. Seventy-six liver transplant recipients were enrolled. The Multidimensional Health Locus of Control - Form C, including internal, chance, doctors, and powerful others subdimensions, was used to evaluate the health locus of control. Physical activity was assessed with the International Physical Activity Questionnaire - Short Form. The median internal health locus of control score was 28.54. Thirty-six participants had low, 35 participants had moderate, and five participants had high physical activity. Internal health locus of control was higher in patients having moderate activity compared to patients with low activity (p=0.04). "Doctors" subdimension of health locus of control was negatively correlated with walking (r=-0.38, p=0.02) and total activity scores among patients with low activity (r=-0.37, p=0.02). Liver transplant recipients with moderate activity present higher internal health locus of control scores, suggesting a possible influence of physically active behavior on the beliefs of one's own control over disease management. As the activity level increases, the belief that health outcomes are largely the responsibility of health professionals decreases among liver transplant recipients with low activity. Promoting physical activity will help develop the control of one's own actions on health after liver transplantation.