Mechanical forces play indispensable roles in biological processes in living organisms. Cells in living organisms sense and process mechanical information that is critical to their growth, motility, and other physiological functions. The cytoskeleton has a significant contribution to the mechanotransduction and mechanoregulation of cellular events, in which microtubules (MTs) play pivotal roles as the most rigid component of the cytoskeleton. However, the response of MTs to mechanical forces has remained elusive for a long time. In recent years, we have started to understand the details of how MTs respond to any mechanical cue and how the structural stability and functionality of MTs are affected by mechanical forces. In this review article, the latest progress in the study of the mechanoresponsiveness of MTs is discussed. A novel methodology is emphasized that recently enabled systematic exploration of the mechanical deformation of MTs under tensile and compressive forces. Moreover, the newest outcomes that confirmed the impact of mechanical forces on the functionalities of MTs are also discussed. All this recent progress is expected to advance our current understanding of the mechanical deformation of MTs in cells and its roles in the mechanoregulation of cellular processes. Recent studies on exploration of mechanical deformation of microtubules under tensile and compressive stress, using a newly developed methodology, have been reviewed. In the first part of this review article, development of the methodology and its utility in studying the mechanoresponsiveness of microtubules have been described. In the second part, applications of the recently developed methodology in studying dynamic soft interfaces have been elaborately discussed.