Response In Test Research Articles

Evaluation of base sliding response and effective slab width in ten-storey tests

Evaluation of base sliding response and effective slab width in ten-storey tests

Gelati Ilmu: The Educational Game in Banten-Dialect Javanese Language for Learning Media of Fourth Grade Students

Banten-Dialect Javanese Language is one of the most difficult subjects, according to the 4th grade elementary school students. This situation is caused by several factors, namely motivation, environment, mother tongue, surrounding culture, as well as the boring and less innovative instructional media. The study aims to develop a quality educational game as an alternative learning media for the Banten-Dialect Javanese Language subject. This type of research is development. The study used the ADDIE model as a development method. This educational game had been validated by 1 material experts and 1 media expert. The experiment subjects were 4th grade students collected 30 students. Data collected methods are observation, interviews, and questionnaires. The technique of analysing the data is descriptive qualitative and quantitative analysis. The results of validity test by material experts were 94.44% (very good) and by media experts, namely 83.92% (very good), so it is said to be valid. Student responses in the small group test obtained a proportion of 77,25% (agree) so it is said to be practical. The results of this study indicated that the educational game, Gelati Ilmu, is feasible to be used as an alternative learning media for the Banten-Dialect Javanese Language subject.

Effects of Mood on Psychophysiological Detection of Concealed Information and the Relation to Self-Assessed Lying Ability

The present study examined the effects of mood on physiological responses in the Concealed Information polygraph Test and the relation to self-assessed lying ability. One hundred and eight undergraduate students self-assessed their lie-telling ability, committed a mock theft, and were asked to conceal information related to the crime. Participants were then divided into three equal groups: two groups were asked to provide a detailed written account of either a happy or sad event in order to induce a happy or sad mood, while the third group served as a neutral group. Participants then underwent a polygraph test and were asked to try to avoid detection. An induced happy or sad mood tended to lower relative skin conductance responses to critical (crime related) items and enhance relative cardiovascular responses. Relative respiration responses to critical items obtained for the sad mood condition were more robust than the ones obtained for the happy mood condition. Under induced sad and happy moods, those who self-rated their lie-telling ability as high showed enhanced cardiovascular responsivity to critical items. These results were limited to the initial phase of the test. We discussed possible motivational explanations and implications for the Concealed Information polygraph test.

Face pareidolia is enhanced by 40 Hz transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) of the face perception network

Pareidolia refers to the perception of ambiguous sensory patterns as carrying a specific meaning. In its most common form, pareidolia involves human-like facial features, where random objects or patterns are illusionary recognized as faces. The current study investigated the neurophysiological correlates of face pareidolia via transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS). tACS was delivered at gamma (40 Hz) frequency over critical nodes of the “face perception” network (i.e., right lateral occipito-temporal and left prefrontal cortex) of 75 healthy participants while completing four face perception tasks (‘Mooney test’ for faces, ‘Toast test’, ‘Noise pareidolia test’, ‘Pareidolia task’) and an object perception task (‘Mooney test’ for objects). In this single-blind, sham-controlled between-subjects study, participants received 35 min of either Sham, Online, (40Hz-tACS_ON), or Offline (40Hz-tACS_PRE) stimulation. Results showed that face pareidolia was causally enhanced by 40Hz-tACS_PRE in the Mooney test for faces in which, as compared to sham, participants more often misperceived scrambled stimuli as faces. In addition, as compared to sham, participants receiving 40Hz-tACS_PRE showed similar reaction times (RTs) when perceiving illusory faces and correctly recognizing noise stimuli in the Toast test, thus not exhibiting hesitancy in identifying faces where there were none. Also, 40Hz-tACS_ON induced slower rejections of face pareidolia responses in the Noise pareidolia test. The current study indicates that 40 Hz tACS can enhance pareidolic illusions in healthy individuals and, thus, that high frequency (i.e., gamma band) oscillations are critical in forming coherent and meaningful visual perception.

Task context dissociates the FN400 and the N400.

In event-related potential studies, familiarity-based recognition has been associated with the FN400, that is, more positive-going waveforms for old items than new items 300-500 ms post-stimulus onset, maximal at frontal electrodes. We tested the proposition that the FN400 reflects the attribution of unexpected processing fluency to familiarity. This implies that the FN400 is greater when fluency is less expected, that is, for less familiar stimuli. Moreover, the FN400 should be modulated by the goal of remembering and only elicited when fluency is correctly attributed to the past, that is, by correct old responses in recognition memory tests. In the absence of a retrieval task, enhanced fluency for repeated items should be associated with an N400 attenuation as no episodic attribution takes place. In an incidental study-test design with words of low and high life-time familiarity, participants made pleasantness judgments for half of the studied words. The other half re-appeared in a recognition test. Only in the latter task, participants had the goal of remembering. As both tasks included also new words, we could compare old/new effects under conditions in which both effects are driven by increased fluency for repeated words. We did not find the expected differences in the FN400 for low vs. high life-time familiarity items. However, as expected, we found a frontally distributed FN400 in the recognition test whereas the old/new effect in the pleasantness task resembled an N400 effect. This supports the view that the FN400 occurs when fluency is attributed to familiarity during a recognition decision.

Repeatability of an attention bias test for sheep suggests variable influence of state and trait affect on behaviour.

Understanding the effects of repeated testing on behaviour is essential for behavioural tests that are re-applied to the same individuals for research and welfare assessment purposes. Assessing the repeatability of behaviour can also help us understand the influence of persistent traits vs transient states on animal responses during testing. This study examined the repeatability of behavioural responses in an attention bias test developed for sheep as a measure of affective state. Sheep were assessed in the attention bias test three times (n = 81 sheep), with testing occurring at intervals of 1 year then 2 weeks. During testing, individual sheep were exposed to a dog located behind a window for 3 s in a 4 × 4 m arena, then the dog was obscured from view, removed and sheep behaviours were recorded for 180 s. We hypothesised that behaviours in the test would have moderate-high repeatability but that the mean behavioural responses would change over consecutive trials as sheep habituated to the test environment. To estimate repeatability, data were modelled using restricted maximum likelihood linear mixed-effects models, fitting animal ID as a random effect. Vigilance behaviour, defined as having the head at or above shoulder height, was moderately repeatable (r = 0.58). Latency to eat (r = 0.20) and duration spent looking towards the previous location of the dog (attention to the dog wall) (r = 0.08) had low repeatability. Mean latency to eat did not differ significantly between trials (P = 0.2) and mean vigilance behaviour tended to decrease over the trials (P = 0.07). Mean duration of attention to the dog wall significantly decreased across the trials (P < 0.001), while mean zones crossed increased (P < 0.001), as did behaviours directed towards the exit door such as duration in proximity and pawing at the door. Overall, vigilance behaviour was moderately repeatable, suggesting it may have been driven by temperament or personality traits, while attention and feeding behaviours may have been more influenced by transient affective states or other factors, however further research is needed to better tease apart these potential effects. Sheep demonstrated some habituation to the test over consecutive trials. Care should therefore be taken during future application of the test to ensure all animals undergoing attention bias testing have equivalent experience for a valid interpretation of their relative behavioural responses.

Current testing programs for pesticides adequately capture endocrine activity and adversity for protection of vertebrate wildlife.

The toxicity and ecotoxicity of pesticide active ingredients are evaluated by a number of standardized test methods using vertebrate animals. These standard test methods are required under various regulatory programs for the registration of pesticides. Over the past two decades, additional test methods have been developed with endpoints that are responsive to endocrine activity and subsequent adverse effects. This article examines the available test methods and their endpoints that are relevant to an assessment of endocrine-disrupting properties of pesticides. Furthermore, the article highlights how weight-of-evidence approaches should be applied to determine whether an adverse response in (eco)toxicity tests is caused by an endocrine mechanism of action. The large number of endpoints in the current testing paradigms for pesticides make it unlikely that endocrine activity and adversity is being overlooked. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2023;19:1089-1109. © 2023 Bayer CropScience and The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC).

Quantifying Aedes aegypti Host Odor Preference Using a Two-Port Olfactometer.

Blood-feeding mosquitoes are a leading threat to global public health-vectoring dangerous infections including Zika, dengue, and malaria. Mosquitoes identify and target hosts for blood meals by using visual, thermal, and chemical cues. Here we describe an assay for measuring odor-based host-preference behavior-that is, the preferential approach toward one host over another based on differences in the volatile compounds they emit. The assay can be adapted for use with diverse odor sources, from live animals and their breath to odor-scented sleeves with controlled amounts of CO2 Mosquitoes in this assay fly upwind to within 30 cm of the odor source and then enter a small trap. We therefore believe this assay best replicates medium- to short-range host-seeking, when females approach and are preparing to land on a host animal. We also find that relative response in a two-choice test shows less trial-to-trial variation than the absolute number of responsive mosquitoes, which appears more sensitive to exogenous factors such as rearing conditions. This assay has been used to better understand mosquito host-seeking decisions, which can provide fundamental insight into the brain and behavior as well as information useful for the design of novel vector control strategies.

Neuropharmacological Effects in Animal Models and HPLC-Phytochemical Profiling of Byrsonima crassifolia (L.) Kunth Bark Extracts.

B. crassifolia is a species that grows in various areas of Latin America. It was known to be useful for the treatment of different human ailments. The present work evaluated the neuropharmacological and analgesic effects of hydroalcoholic and dichloromethane extracts of B. crassifolia. The effect on the central nervous system (CNS) of both extracts obtained from bark, administered by the intraperitoneal route in mice, was evaluated by different tests: spontaneous motor activity, hole-board, motor coordination, pentobarbital induced hypnosis, and rectal temperature. Analgesic activity was evaluated using a hot plate test. Phytochemical analysis was performed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using reversed-phase and gradient of elution. The hydroalcoholic extract (dose 0.5 g dry plant/kg weigh) administration caused an important reduction of the head-dipping response in the hole board test. A decrease in spontaneous motor activity test and a disturbance of motor coordination in the rotarod test was observed. The hydroalcoholic extract produced a significant prolongation of pentobarbital induced sleeping time. This extract prevented hot plate test induced nociception. The phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of catechin, epicatechin, and procyanidin B12. Therefore, this study revealed that the hydroalcoholic extract of B. crassifolia possesses analgesic and sedative CNS activity.

Sex-Dependent Effect of Chronic Piromelatine Treatment on Prenatal Stress-Induced Memory Deficits in Rats.

Prenatal stress impairs cognitive function in rats, while Piromelatine treatment corrects memory decline in male rats with chronic mild stress. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the effect of chronic treatment with the melatonin analogue Piromelatine on the associative and spatial hippocampus-dependent memory of male and female offspring with a history of prenatal stress (PNS). We report that male and female young adult offspring with PNS treated with a vehicle had reduced memory responses in an object recognition test (ORT). However, the cognitive performance in the radial arm maze test (RAM) was worsened only in the male offspring. The 32-day treatment with Piromelatine (20 mg/kg, i.p.) of male and female offspring with PNS attenuated the impaired responses in the ORT task. Furthermore, the melatonin analogue corrected the disturbed spatial memory in the male offspring. While the ratio of phosphorylated and nonphosphorylated adenosine monophosphate response element binding protein (pCREB/CREB) was reduced in the two sexes with PNS and treated with a vehicle, the melatonin analogue elevated the ratio of these signaling molecules in the hippocampus of the male rats only. Our results suggest that Piromelatine exerts a beneficial effect on PNS-induced spatial memory impairment in a sex-dependent manner that might be mediated via the pCREB/CREB pathway.

Characterizing the alternative feedback mechanisms in the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis and determining a stressed state in the African wild dog (Lycaon pictus)

ABSTRACT Glucocorticoids are regulated by the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis and are important in responding to various psychological and physiological stressors. For the African wild dog (Lycaon pictus) only one aspect of the HPA axis has been investigated with no information present on cortisol insufficiency. Here, a pilot study involving both HPA feedback mechanisms is characterized by dynamic function tests (i.e., stimulation and suppression) and a cutoff value for a stressed state is established. Results showed a mean plasma cortisol increase of 40.7% after the administration of Synacthen from initial values, with females recording higher concentrations than males. Using Youden’s index, this adaptive response was able to determine a cutoff value of 80.72 ng/ml that infers a stress state. The observed response in the suppression test was similar to that reported in domestic dogs. These results expand the basic knowledge of adrenal function in this endangered species and provide a means in which to determine whether animals are stressed or not. The method used also has application to other species in gauging the degree of stress they are experiencing, which can assist in improving welfare outcomes for captive animals.

PENGEMBANGAN E-MODUL BERBASIS MODEL PEMBELAJARAN CORE UNTUK MEMFASILITASI KEMAMPUAN KOMUNIKASI MATEMATIS SISWA

The purpose of this research was to develop E-Module teaching materials based on the CORE learning model to facilitate students' mathematical communication skills on social arithmetic subjcet. This study uses research and development methods with the ADDIE model. The results of the research were, the E-Module teaching materials based on the CORE learning model are feasible to use with a feasibility level of 91,67% coming from the media expert, 75.76% from the mathematics education expert test and 98.33% from the mathematician test. Student responses in the field test on the completeness aspect of the material were very complete (60%), attractive appearance (53.33%), good color combinations (53.33%), good language easily understood by junior high school students (53.33 %), illustrations can represent social Arithmetic material (63.33%), and E-Modules can help students learn independently (70%).

Analgesic and anti-anxiety activity of two Ayurvedic formulations (Rasnadi ksheerapaka and Sahacharadi taila) on experimental rat models

Background: Rasnadi ksheerapaka and Sahacharadi taila are known to be effective in shula and vatavyadhi and used very frequently in conditions involving pain. Aims and objective: To evaluate the analgesic and anti-anxiety activity of Rasnadi ksheerapaka and Sahacharadi taila matrabasti in Charles Foster Albino rats. Materials and method: For evaluation of analgesic study tail flick response in tail flick test and paw licking response in Eddy’s hot plate test was performed. Anti-anxiety study was conducted with elevated plus maze and open field maze. Result and conclusion: After both the experiments it is effectively proven that both test drugs Rasnadi ksheera paka and Sahacharadi taila have analgesics effects but they failed to exhibit anti-anxiety effect in rats.

Time-restricted feeding improves metabolic and endocrine profiles in mice with polycystic ovary syndrome.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrinopathy disorders in premenopausal women, which is characterized by hyperandrogenemia, anovulation, and polycystic ovarian morphology (PCOM). Time-restricted feeding (TRF) is a new intermittent restriction dietary pattern, which has been shown to have positive benefits on obesity and glycolipid metabolism disorders. We aimed to explore the effect of the feeding regimen (ad libitum vs. TRF) on the glycolipid metabolism and reproductive endocrine disorders in a PCOS mouse model. PCOS mouse model was induced by continuous subcutaneous administration of dihydrotestosterone for 21 days. Mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 8 weeks on an ad libitum or time- restricted diet (from 10:30 p.m. to 6:30 a.m.). Compared to control mice, PCOS mice that received TRF treatment had significantly lower body weight, reduced adiposity, lower area under the curve (AUC) of glucose response in the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), and lower AUC in the insulin tolerance test (ITT). TRF also ameliorated lipid metabolism, as shown by a reduction in plasma lipid profiles (triglycerides and cholesterol) and the triglyceride content in the liver of PCOS mice. In terms of reproduction, the plasma androgen level, plasma estrogen (E2) level, and luteinizing hormone (LH)/follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) ratio in PCOS mice were significantly reduced after 8 weeks of TRF treatment. In addition, ovarian histology showed that TRF inhibits cyst formation and promotes corpus luteum formation. In conclusion, TRF improved metabolic and endocrine profiles in mice with PCOS.

Effects of noise on the vestibular system of normal-hearing workers.

Studies in noise-exposed animals have shown changes in vestibular structures. Likewise, studies in humans have been suggesting that noise can damage the vestibular system, even with normal assessment results. To assess the vestibular system of workers exposed to noise and to compare with individuals not exposed. Twenty normal-hearing male adults were divided in the study group (SG), exposed to occupational noise, and control group (CG). We conducted the following procedures: medical history, Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI), Dix-Hallpike maneuver, and electronystagmography (eye and caloric tests). The DHI score did not differ between groups. The Dix-Hallpike maneuver was normal for both groups. All individuals had normal responses in the eye tests. 50% of the SG had hyperreflexia in the caloric tests, with a significant difference between the groups. There was a trend towards a statistical significance in the absolute values of angular speed of the slow component in the cold-air test, which were higher in the SG. There was a significant difference between the groups in the relative values of labyrinthine preponderance, which were higher in the SG. Our findings showed that 70% of the workers exposed to occupational noise had vestibular alterations identified with electronystagmography, whereas 100% of the individuals in the CG had normal results in the vestibular assessment. Moreover, only 20% of the sample in both groups had vestibular complaints, indicating the presence of subclinical vestibular changes in 50% of the individuals exposed to occupational noise.

Clinical characteristics of patients with unexplainable hypothalamic disorder diagnosed by the corticotropin-releasing hormone challenge test: a retrospective study

The corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) challenge test can distinguish the disorders of the hypothalamus from those of the pituitary. However, the pathophysiology of hypothalamic disorder (HD) has not been fully understood. This study aimed to elucidate the clinical characteristics of patients with unexplainable HD, diagnosed by the CRH challenge test. We retrospectively reviewed patients who underwent the CRH challenge test. Patients were categorized into four groups as follows: patients with peak serum cortisol ≥18 μg/dL were assigned to the normal response (NR) group (n = 18), among patients with peak serum cortisol < 18 μg/dL and peak adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) increase ≥two-fold, patients without obvious background pathology were assigned to the unexplainable-HD group (n = 18), whereas patients with obvious background pathology were assigned to the explainable-HD group (n = 38), and patients with peak serum cortisol < 18 μg/dL and peak ACTH increase <two-fold were assigned to the pituitary disorder (PD) group (n = 15). Inter-group comparisons were performed based on clinical characteristics. In the CRH challenge test, the peak plasma ACTH levels were significantly lower in the unexplainable-HD group than in the NR group, despite more than two-fold increase compared to basal levels. The increase in serum cortisol was significantly higher in the unexplainable-HD group than in the explainable-HD and PD groups. Although patients in the unexplainable-HD group showed a clear ACTH response in the insulin tolerance test, some patients had peak serum cortisol levels of < 18 μg/dL. Furthermore, attenuated diurnal variations and low normal levels of urinary free cortisol were observed. Most patients in the unexplainable-HD group were young women with chronic fatigue. However, supplementation with oral hydrocortisone at physiological doses reduced fatigue only in some patients. Patients with unexplainable HD diagnosed by the CRH challenge test had hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis dysfunction and some patients had mild central adrenal insufficiency. Hydrocortisone supplementation reduced fatigue only in some patients, suggesting that HPA axis dysfunction may be a physiological adaptation. Further investigation of these patients may help elucidate the pathophysiology of myalgic encephalitis/chronic fatigue syndrome.

Selective memory detection: Context-dependent stimulus significance in the concealed information test

Previous studies have posited that the significance of a crime-relevant item in a question produces differential physiological responses in the Concealed Information Test (CIT). However, this term is equivocal and needs to be clarified in order to strengthen the theoretical underpinnings of the CIT. The present study examined the hypothesis that differential responding depends on the examinee’s understanding of which item in a question is relevant to a given context. Participants performed a mock theft task, in which they were instructed to steal one item from each of two different locations. An identical CIT question asking about each stolen item was presented under different location contexts while skin conductance response, heart rate, and respiratory activity were recorded. Results indicated that only the relevant item specified by the context of the instruction elicited reliable differential physiological responses. This finding implies that differential responding in the CIT is flexible and context-dependent, and that specifying the subject of a given question is important for detecting crime-relevant memories in practical criminal investigations.

Experimental Investigation and Micromechanical Modeling of Hard Rock in Protective Seam Considering Damage–Friction Coupling Effect

The hard rock in the protective coal seam of the Pingdingshan Mine in China is a typical quasi-brittle material exhibiting complex mechanical characteristics. According to available research on the mechanical property, the inelastic deformation and development of damage are considered related with crack initiation and propagation, which are main causes of the material degradation. In the present study, an original experimental investigation on the rock sample of the Pingdingshan coal mine is firstly carried out to obtain the basic mechanical responses in a conventional triaxial compression test. Based on the homogenization method and thermodynamic theory, a damage–friction coupled model is proposed to simulate the non-linear mechanical behavior. In the framework of micromechanics, the hard rock in a protective coal seam is viewed as a heterogeneous material composed of a homogeneous solid matrix and a large number of randomly distributed microcracks, leading to a Representative Elementary Volume (REV), i.e., the matrix–cracks system. By the use of the Mori–Tanaka homogenization scheme, the effective elastic properties of cracked material are obtained within the framework of micromechanics. The expression of free energy on the characteristic unitary is derived by homogenization methods and the pairwise thermodynamic forces associated with the inelastic strain and damage variables. The local stress tensor is decomposed to hydrostatic and deviatoric parts, and the effective tangent stiffness tensor is derived by considering both the plastic yield law and a specific damage criterion. The associated generalized Coulomb friction criterion and damage criterion are introduced to describe the evolution of inelastic strain and damage, respectively. Prepeak and postpeak triaxial response analysis is carried out by coupled damage–friction analysis to obtain analytical expressions for rock strength and to clarify the basic characteristics of the damage resistance function. Finally, by the use of the returning mapping procedure, the proposed damage–friction constitutive model is applied to simulate the deformation of Pingdingshan hard rock in triaxial compression with respect to different confining pressures. It is observed that the numerical results are in good agreement with the experimental data, which can verify the accuracy and show the obvious advantages of the micromechanic-based model.

CYP2C19 genotype and platelet aggregation test-guided dual antiplatelet therapy after off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting: A retrospective cohort study.

Dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) is recommended in patients undergoing off-pump coronary artery bypass graft surgery (OPCAB). Clopidogrel is less effective among patients with loss-of-function (LoF) of CYP2C19 alleles, while ticagrelor has direct effects on P2Y12 receptor. Whether a CYP2C19 genotype plus platelet aggregation test (PAgT)-guided DAPT after CABG could improve clinical outcomes remain uncertain. From August 2019 to December 2020, 1,134 consecutive patients who underwent OPCAB received DAPT for 1 year after surgery in Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine. According to the actual treatment they received in real-world, 382 (33.7%) of them received a traditional DAPT: aspirin 100 mg qd + clopidogrel 75 mg qd, no matter the CYP2C19 genotype and response in platelet aggregation test (PAgT). The other 752 (66.3%) patients received an individual DAPT based on CYP2C19 genotype and PAgT: aspirin 100 mg qd + clopidogrel 75 mg qd if CYP2C19 was extensive metabolizer, or moderate metabolizer but normal response in PAgT; aspirin 100 mg qd + ticagrelor 90 mg bid if CYP2C19 was poor metabolizer, or moderate metabolizer but no or low response in PAgT. One-year follow-up was achieved for all patients. The primary outcome was major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), a composite of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, and stroke. The safety outcome was thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) criteria major bleeding. Compared with the traditional DAPT group, the risk of MACE in the individual DAPT group was significantly lower (5.5 vs. 9.2%, HR 0.583; 95% CI, 0.371-0.915; P = 0.019), mainly due to the decreased risk of MI (1.7 vs. 4.2%, HR 0.407; 95% CI, 0.196-0.846; P = 0.016). The risk of TIMI major bleeding events was similar between the two groups (5.3 vs. 6.0%, RR 0.883; 95% CI, 0.537-1.453; P = 0.626). For patients who underwent OPCAB, individual DAPT (CYP2C19 genotype plus PAgT-guided strategy) was associated with a lower risk of MACE and a similar risk of major bleeding.

Consensus automatic speech recognition (CASR) in the California Cognitive Assessment Battery (CCAB).

Recent reports have investigated the use of automatic speech recognition (ASR) to analyze and score verbal responses in cognitive tests. ASR scoring is objective, permits the efficient computerized administration of verbal tests, and generates timestamps that enable the detailed temporal analysis of responses. However, ASR transcription accuracy varies by engine, task, and participant, and ASR can incorrectly score responses from participants with atypical speech patterns. Here we describe the speech-transcription pipeline of the California Cognitive Assessment Battery (CCAB), which incorporates consensus ASR (CASR) to produce more accurate transcripts than possible with any single ASR engine. We also developed a Transcript Review Tool (TRT) which facilitates the manual correction of mis-transcribed words in problem subjects. Figure 1 shows the CCAB speech transcription pipeline. Realtime ASR transcriptions are obtained along with the transcriptions of the digital recordings of responses using six cloud-based ASR engines (e.g., Google, etc.). Individual transcripts are then combined to produce a "consensus" transcript, and a transcription confidence measure based primarily on the agreement between ASR engines (Figure 2). If needed, "consensus" transcripts can be manually corrected using the Transcript Review Tool which enables the review of all words or just those words below a predefined CASR confidence threshold (Figure 3). ASR transcriptions were obtained from 442 healthy adults (mean age = 65.1 ±14.4) who each underwent three days of cognitive testing that included 25 verbal tests. In all, approximately 276 hours of speech were transcribed. Preliminary analyses show that CASR transcription accuracy surpassed 99% for tests with limited response sets (e.g., digit span, verbal list learning, face-name binding, etc.) and exceeded 95% for discursive speech tests (e.g., picture description and logical memory). CASR transcription is more accurate than that of any single ASR engine. When combined with the TRT, "consensus" ASR can produce error-free, timestamped transcripts that enable the detailed analysis of verbal responses from older individuals at risk of cognitive decline.