Millisecond Response Time Research Articles

Development of a Catalytic Combustion Type Gas Sensor with MEMS Heater for Methane

Since low power consumption gas sensors are required for battery-driven gas alarm, we developed a catalytic combustion type gas sensor with low power consumption. This sensor is equipped with a micro heater and intermittent-drive system that we produced with the use of MEMS (Micro Electro Mechanical Systems) technology and which provides high-speed response times of several dozen milliseconds. The combustion type gas sensor consists in a detection element and a compensation element. In our company, these element materials mainly employ Pd- and Pt-loaded γ-alumina (Pd/Al2O3 and Pt/Al2O3) catalysts, respectively. The Pt/Al2O3 catalyst was used for cancelling the hydrogen sensitivity. However, the methane output of the sensor was low because the amounts of these elements with micro heater have quite small. In this study, the improvement of the heater structure for increasing the catalyst amount and the performance for the Pd/Al2O3 catalyst on the output were examined. The configuration of the micro heater is shown below in Figure 1. The micro heater was produced by forming an insulated layer consisting of silicon nitride film, etc., on a silicon wafer and then patterning a platinum heater. The rear surface was then etched to suspend a heating element reducing the amount of heat generated, which produces high speed response times of several dozen milliseconds. The Pt heater consists of a 90 μm rectangular air bridge structure. The Pd/Al2O3 catalyst as the detection element was prepared by using an impregnation method. The loaded amount of Pd was 30wt%. As the Pd precursor, two different materials were used as the active metal source: (CH3COO)2Pd (Pd(OAc)2) and Pd(NO3)2 aq.. Each precursor and an γ-alumina were mixed and evaporated in vacuum using an evaporator. These catalysts were then dry and calcined. By using a dispensing machine, The Pd/Al2O3 and the Pt/Al2O3 catalysts were coated as each element. The catalytic combustion type micro sensor was assembled onto the bridge circuit. These elements were heated to 400－450°C by the micro heater and then placed in a chamber so that the sample gas could be injected at the prescribed concentration. The output was measured by amplifying the electric potential difference between both elements generated by the fluctuations in the micro heater resistance, which were caused by a catalytic combustion reaction of flammable gases on the surface of the catalyst. Firstly, we examined to add slit-shaped vents between the heater wires to encourage contact with gas on the rear of the heater by exploiting the characteristics of the sensor elements that made up the air bridge. The heater structure is shown in Figure 2(a). Moreover, we investigated to add arch-shape structure around the heater for increasing the catalyst amount, as shown in Figure 2(b). The structure leads to laminate larger the amounts of these catalysts than that without the arch part because the catalyst was coated on not only the heater part but also the arch part. The output properties of these sensors having the heater with each structure are shown in Figure 3. In this figure, the previous structure indicates the heater without slit-shaped vents and arch part in Figure 1. Comparing to the previous structure, the structure with the vents showed higher output for 40%. Furthermore, by adding the arch part around the heater, the output increased for about 60%. Therefore, it is possible to increase the laminated amount of the catalyst by changing the heater structure, which leads to improve the output. Figure 4 shows the output ratio of the sensors using Pd(OAc)2 and Pd(NO3)2 aq. as the Pd precursor to methane concentration . In this result, the sensor using Pd(OAc)2 exhibited higher output than that using Pd(NO3)2 aq.. Figure 5 indicates the TEM images of the catalyst using these precursors. Pd particle sizes using Pd(OAc)2 and Pd(NO3)2 aq. were 5.7 and 24.4 nm, respectively. These results implied that particle size have an affect on the output property. Figure 6 shows the change ratio of the output of methane 3000ppm for 150 days at various conditions: at 20°C/65% relatively humidity (rh), 45°C/80%rh, and 5°C/Free rh. In this figure, the ratios were almost unchanged. In other words, the sensor showed the high stability at various conditions. The sensor having the heater with slit-shaped vents and arch structure indicated higher output than that without the structure. In the detection element, The Pd/Al2O3 catalyst using (CH3COO)2Pd showed higher performance, comparing with that using Pd(NO3)2 aq.. The Pd catalyst with smaller particle leads to show higher output. In addition, the sensor exhibited high stability at various conditions. Figure 1

Wearable broadband MoS2 photodetector for dual heart rate and UV detection powered by PDMS-MXene TENG

Wearable electronic devices capable of monitoring health parameters and environmental factors are tremendously desirable. Environmental energy harvesting as a power source is crucial to replace traditional batteries. This study aims to contribute to the development of sustainable and efficient wearable devices for health monitoring and environmental sensing. In this study, a self-powered wearable MoS2-based photodetector, integrated with a PDMS-MXene-based triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) is presented. The TENG generates isometric AC voltage using a diode, and it is used to charge a capacitor for DC voltage output. The photodetector, with a responsivity of 1.25 × 105A/W, specific detectivity of 2×1013 Jones, millisecond response time, enhanced responsivity of 1.1×1010 V/W and specific detectivity of 9.5×1016 Jones while coupled with TENG, successfully measured heart rate using a 660 nm LED and compared well with a commercial pulse meter. Additionally, UV illumination was detected using a 395 nm LED in the AC mode of the TENG. The study’s results support the advancement of flexible, integrated, and sustainable wearable devices, offering solutions to challenges posed by current battery-powered devices.

Thermopneumatic Liquid Metal Radiofrequency Switch Actuated by Low‐Boiling‐Point Fluid

Existing radiofrequency (RF) switches used in reconfigurable antennas often encounter performance issues such as high insertion loss, low isolation, and nonlinear effects of the switch. To address these issues, this article presents a liquid metal RF switch that utilizes a heated low‐boiling‐point fluid (LBPF) to drive the movement of a eutectic gallium‐indium alloy (EGaIn) plunger to turn the switch on/off. The operating principle of the switch is to use the pressure difference generated by the liquid–vapor phase change of the LBPF to make the EGaIn plunger to contact with, or disconnect from the copper electrodes of the switch. The performances of the RF switches actuated by different LBPFs are respectively investigated, and the results show that all RF switches have millisecond response times, and the contact resistances are as low as 0.14 mΩ. In addition, good RF performances are achieved, with an insertion loss of less than 3 dB and isolation of more than 17 dB in the frequency band from 0 to 2 GHz, and no nonlinear effects. This study also validates the performance of the proposed switch for frequency reconfiguration of a folded monopole antenna.

Low-frequency chatter suppression in robotic milling using Magnetorheological Joint Damper (MRJD)

Low-frequency structural vibrations caused by poor rigidity are one of the main obstacles limiting the machining efficiency of robotic milling. Existing vibration suppression strategies primarily focus on passive vibration absorption at the robotic end and feedback control at the joint motor. Although these strategies have a certain vibration suppression effect, the limitations of robotic flexibility and the extremely limited applicable speed range remain to be overcome. In this study, a Magnetorheological Joint Damper (MRJD) is developed. The joint-mounted feature ensures machining flexibility of the robot, and the millisecond response time of the Magnetorheological Fluid (MRF) ensures a large effective spindle speed range. More importantly, the evolution law of the damping performance of MRJD was revealed based on a low-frequency chatter mechanism, which guarantees the application of MRJD in robotic milling machining. To analyze the influence of the robotic joint angle on the suppression effect of the MRJD, the joint braking coefficient and end braking coefficient were proposed. Parallel coordinate plots were used to visualize the joint range with the optimal vibration suppression effect. Finally, a combination of different postures and cutting parameters was used to verify the vibration suppression effect and feasibility of the joint angle optimization. The experimental results show that the MRJD, which directly improves the joint vibration resistance, can effectively suppress the low-frequency vibration of robotic milling under a variety of cutting conditions.

Real time NIR detection of biogenic amine using an Yb4L4 tetrahedron

Fluorescent sensors of biogenic amines (BAs) due to their excitation or emission in the UV–Vis region, which limits its application in the field of bioanalysis. Herein, an Yb(III) tetrahedral Yb4L34 with ILCT characteristic was constructed from a tris-β-diketone ligand, its spin-coated film shows high sensitivity and fast reversible responses to some BAs with the ppm level detection limit and millisecond response time in NIR region. Compared with Yb4L24, the response time of Yb4L34 was effectively reduced by enlarge the cavity volume and rhombus opening lying on the edges of cage, this indicates that the porosity of film was further enhanced and the interaction time (between Yb4L34 and BAs) was decreased. Moreover, the response time of Yb4L34 was faster than that of most fluorescent amine sensors. In addition, the emission of Yb4L34 in NIR region shows significantly quenching after exposure to the vapor of spoiled fish in 89 ms, which implies that Yb4L34 could be used to real time monitor freshness of food.

High sensitive humidity sensor based on PEDOT:PSS/CMC-Na coated polyester fabric with directional moisture transport performance

Flexible humidity sensors with excellent flexibility and sensitivity have been widely used in various fields such as human and plant health monitoring and management, non-contact human-machine interaction, smart e-textiles, and industrial and agricultural production. However, many sensors are limited their application due to the problems of unbreathable and poor wear comfort. Herein, a highly sensitive humidity sensor based on flexible polyester fabric with directional moisture transport is proposed. The facile method of coating is conducted by the preparation of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) and sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC-Na) paste with adjustable content and applied to the polyester fabric. The difference of hydrophilicity between the two sides of the fabric caused by the coating helps to directional moisture transport, thus giving rapid sensitivity, while using PEDOT: PSS can obtain the changes of electrical conductivity coming from the humidity. and the addition of CMC-Na not only helps the coating, but also provides hydrophilic groups, which is conducive to humidity sensing and directional moisture transport. The combination of this moisture-sensitive coating and directional moisture transport gives the sensor a fast humidity response time of 0.35 s, a wide humidity detection range (0‐100%(0–100% RH) and sensitivity of 4.15. Furthermore, the sensor can maintain the humidity response time in milliseconds even after being subjected to water washing and friction, indicating its excellent durability and stability.

Activation of mechanoluminescent nanotransducers by focused ultrasound enables light delivery to deep-seated tissue in vivo.

Light is used extensively in biological and medical research for optogenetic neuromodulation, fluorescence imaging, photoactivatable gene editing and light-based therapies. The major challenge to the in vivo implementation of light-based methods in deep-seated structures of the brain or of internal organs is the limited penetration of photons in biological tissue. The presence of light scattering and absorption has resulted in the development of invasive techniques such as the implantation of optical fibers, the insertion of endoscopes and the surgical removal of overlying tissues to overcome light attenuation and deliver it deep into the body. However, these procedures are highly invasive and make it difficult to reposition and adjust the illuminated area in each animal. Here, we detail a noninvasive approach to deliver light (termed 'deLight') in deep tissue via systemically injected mechanoluminescent nanotransducers that can be gated by using focused ultrasound. This approach achieves localized light emission with sub-millimeter resolution and millisecond response times in any vascularized organ of living mice without requiring invasive implantation of light-emitting devices. For example, deLight enables optogenetic neuromodulation in live mice without a craniotomy or brain implants. deLight provides a generalized method for applications that require a light source in deep tissues in vivo, such as deep-brain fluorescence imaging and photoactivatable genome editing. The implementation of the entire protocol for an in vivo application takes ~1-2 weeks.

A Real-Time Maximum Efficiency Tracking for Wireless Power Transfer Systems Based on Harmonic-Informatization

With the increased requirements of dynamic wireless charging scenarios, the industry puts forward higher technical specifications for system efficiency. However, the traditional millisecond level response time cannot meet the requirements of dynamic maximum efficiency tracking (MET) system for real-time control. Therefore, this article proposes a wireless power transfer system based on harmonic-informatization, which simplifies the circuit through the harmonic and bandstop filter, so that the mutual inductance can be extracted by harmonic, and then MET can be implemented in real time. Compared with the traditional fundamental system, the harmonic-informatization system has the advantages of no iteration, no communication, and simple calculation. Because the operation of MET under harmonic is simple, the experimental system in this article successfully achieves the microsecond level response time. At the same time, the experiment shows that the system efficiency and power change little after adding the filter, which is due to the low equivalent reactance of the filter under the fundamental.

Humidity-Responsive RGB-Pixels via Swelling of 3D Nanoimprinted Polyvinyl Alcohol.

Humidity-responsive structural coloration is actively investigated to realize real-time humidity sensors for applications in smart farming, food storage, and healthcare management. Here, humidity-tunable nano pixels are investigated with a 700nm resolution that demonstrates full standard RGB (sRGB) gamut coverage with a millisecond-response time. The color pixels are designed as Fabry-Pérot (F-P) etalons which consist of an aluminum mirror substrate, humidity-responsive polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) spacer, and a top layer of disordered silver nanoparticles (NPs). The measured volume change of the PVA reaches up to 62.5% when the relative humidity (RH) is manipulated from 20 to 90%. The disordered silver NP layer permits the penetration of water molecules into the PVA layer, enhancing the speed of absorption and swelling down to the millisecond level. Based on the real-time response of the hydrogel-based F-P etalons with a high-throughput 3D nanoimprint technique, a high-resolution multicolored color print that can have potential applications in display technologies and optical encryption, is demonstrated.

Body Temperature-Triggered Mechanical Instabilities for High-Speed Soft Robots.

Nature offers bionic inspirations for elegant applications of mechanical principles such as the concept of snap buckling, which occurs in several plants. Exploiting mechanical instabilities is the key to fast movement here. We use the snap-through and snap-back instability observed in natural rubber balloons to design an ultrafast purely mechanical elastomer actuator. Our design eliminates the need in potentially harmful stimulants, high voltages, and is safe in operation. We trigger the instability and thus the actuation by temperature changes, which bring about a liquid/gas phase transition in a suitable volatile fluid. This allows for large deformations up to 300% area expansion within response times of a few milliseconds. A few degree temperature change, readily provided by the warmth of a human hand, is sufficient to reliably trigger the actuation. Experiments are compared with the appropriate theory for a model actuator system; this provides design rules, sensitivity, and operational limitations, paving the way for applications ranging from object sorting to intimate human-machine interaction.

Lock-in incoherent differential phase contrast imaging

We introduce a lock-in method to increase the phase contrast in incoherent differential phase contrast (DPC) imaging. This method improves the phase sensitivity by the analog removal of the background. The use of a smart pixel detector with in-pixel signal demodulation, paired with synchronized switching illumination, provides the basis of a bit-efficient approach to emulate a lock-in DPC. The experiments show an increased sensitivity by a factor of up to 8, as expected from theory, and a reduction of collected data by a factor of 70, for equivalent standard DPC measurements; single-shot sensitivity of 0.7 mrad at a frame rate of 1400 frames per second is demonstrated. This new approach may open the way for the use of incoherent phase microscopy in biological applications where extreme phase sensitivity and millisecond response time are required.

Fabrication of Topological Insulator Bi2Se3−PbSe Heterojunction Photodetector for Infrared Detection

A van der Waals heterojunction is successfully constructed with topological insulator (TI) Bi2Se3 and traditional narrow‐gap PbSe via molecular beam epitaxy. High‐quality crystallization and an atomically abrupt heterointerface between Bi2Se3 and PbSe are observed in the Bi2Se3−PbSe heterojunction. Prominent photosensitivity in the infrared band is achieved with the as‐fabricated Bi2Se3−PbSe photodetector. Under zero bias, responsivity and detectivity are 3.9 A W−1 and 8.7 × 1011 cm Hz0.5 W−1, respectively. With a response time of several milliseconds, fast response speed is also achieved. Prominent photosensitivity and fast response speed together suggest that the construction of TI Bi2Se3−PbSe heterojunction is a promising solution to fabricate high‐performance infrared photodetector.

Practical wildcard searchable encryption with tree‐based index

Wildcard searchable encryption is an advanced variant of searchable encryption that can simultaneously maintain the searchability and confidentiality of the encrypted data. The wildcard searchable encryption outperforms the standard one for the fact that the users can use it to search the desired data even with the inexact keywords. Considering the millisecond level response time in the era of 5G, there are higher demands on the efficiency and accuracy that may be a pair of contradictions in wildcard searchable encryption. To improve the efficiency without sacrificing the accuracy, we put forward a novel scheme, tree-based index scheme (TBIS), through filtering the search results step by step instead of enumeration in the prior works and in the instantiation of TBIS, the search time drops sharply to the millisecond level. By using more kinds of characters, the accuracy of search result is improved visibly. TBIS achieves nonadaptive security that is indistinguishable against chosen character set attacks proposed in this paper. The security criteria can capture the relationship among characters, keywords and documents. At last, we put forward a frame structure in machine learning as an application of the proposed scheme.

Turn-on luminescence detection of biogenic amine with an Eu(III) tetrahedron cage

Selective and sensitive detection of volatile biogenic amines (BAs) have been attracting considerable interests because it can be utilized as freshness markers of food. Herein, an Eu(III) tetrahedron cage (Eu4L24) constructed from a tris-β-diketone is exploited as luminescence sensor for BAs. The spin-coated film of Eu4L24 presents turn-on emissive, and rapidly reversible responses to some volatile BAs with millisecond response time. The turn-on luminescence response to BAs attributes to nucleophilic interaction of amine group to carbonyl carbon atom of trifluoroacetyl in ligand. While the large cavity and rhombus opening lying on the edges of tetrahedron ensure excellent permeability of the film to BAs, which is responsible for the rapidly response times. Furthermore, vapor phase detection of the BAs was extended to practical application for monitoring fish spoilage. The experimental results affirm the practicability of cage as sensing materials for monitoring food spoilage.

Enhancing the Ultraviolet Photocurrent and Response Speed of Zinc Oxide Nanoflowers using Surface Plasmons of Gold Nanoparticles and a Graphene Membrane

The enhancement effect of the plasmonic resonance of AuNPs and a graphene membrane on the optoelectronic properties of ZnO nanoflowers is investigated. A layered structure is fabricated, consisting of ZnO nanoflowers grown on a conductive fluorine‐doped tin oxide (FTO) glass substrate, decorated with gold nanoparticles, and covered by a multilayer graphene membrane. An excellent photocurrent response as high as 1650 A W−1 and a millisecond level response time are achieved. Compared with the pristine ZnO device, which has a responsivity of 2.98 A W−1 and a response time of tens of seconds, the photocurrent response is dramatically increased by 500‐fold and the response time is decreased by over 1000‐fold. The significant enhancement of the photocurrent can be attributed to the coupling of plasmonic resonance modes of AuNPs and the graphene membrane, according to finite‐difference time‐domain simulation results; whereas the tremendous improvement on response time can be attributed to the high electron mobility of graphene. The work is essential for further study of the plasmonic enhancement of ZnO optoelectronic performance and provides a new path for the fabrication of ZnO‐based high‐responsivity, high‐speed, and low‐cost ultraviolet emission and detection devices.

Catalysis with Earth-abundant Elements (Catalysis Series)

The continuous growing demand for nanoscience applications and the improvement in the performance of liquid crystal based devices has been extensively required by the technological world. Recent progress in the field of liquid crystals has found its practical implementation in various display and non display devices which experiences obstacle due to impurity effects that reduces its performance. The dispersion of nanoparticles in liquid crystal medium helps in the reduction of impurity ions and thus improving the performance of liquid crystal based devices. The present work is based on the collective dielectric relaxation processes that have been observed in antiferroelectric liquid crystal (AFLC) mixture W1000 dispersed with 0.1% wt/wt and 0.3% wt/wt concentrations of graphene oxide. Graphene oxide itself favors vertical alignment and the coupling of AFLC W1000 mixture with graphene oxide affects its molecular ordering. This has been confirmed from the polarizing optical micrographs. The dielectric relaxation modes have been observed with and without the application of bias voltage in SmC* to SmCA* phase transition during cooling cycle. The appearance and disappearance of PL, PH and X modes have been observed and are explained on the basis of molecular interactions. Graphene oxide dispersed system favors homeotropic alignment (dark state) and the application of bias field will convert it into homogenous alignment (bright state). Graphene oxide dispersion find prospective applications in good contrast display devices, supercapacitors, electronic gadgets, rechargeable batteries. Electro optical results unveil the faster response time, decreased rotational viscosity and spontaneous polarization with no change in tilt angle for the dispersed system. These observations can be exploited in photonic switches with sub millisecond response time which are required for fabricating faster liquid crystal devices.

Improving the performance of the fast electrochemical actuator

Microfluidic systems require a compact actuator with low power consumption and high integration capability to drive pumps and valves. Electrochemical devices meet these criteria, but long time needed to terminate the gas makes them rather slow. Recently an actuator with a millisecond response time was demonstrated. A series of short voltage pulses of alternating polarity (AP) applied to the electrodes generates nanobubbles in the chamber. They push the flexible membrane up, and disappear quickly due to spontaneous combustion of hydrogen and oxygen in nanobubbles. However, degradation of the electrodes suppresses the gas production and reduces the stroke in few minutes. In this work the methods to improve performance of the fast actuator are proposed. The design of electrodes plays an important role. In addition to the surface area, the distribution of nanobubbles significantly affects the membrane deflection. The concentric electrodes provide the largest stroke due to a low resistance of the cell and well localized cloud of nanobubbles, but a high current density leads to a rapid oxidation of titanium electrodes. The rectangular structures ensure better long-term stability and lower power consumption per unit deflection. Increasing the surface area of the electrodes by changing the deposition conditions enlarges the stroke by 25–70 % depending on the design, but does not prevent reduction of the performance with time. A new operation regime, in which single polarity (SP) pulses are applied to the electrodes between the series of AP pulses, recovers the membrane deflection to the initial level or even larger. A possible underlying mechanism is the cathodic reduction of titanium. A large stroke can be maintained without increasing the power consumption during at least one hour, but it requires tuning of the amplitude of SP pulses.

Effect of graphene oxide dispersion in antiferroelectric liquid crystal mixture in the verge of SmC* to SmCA* phase transition

The continuous growing demand for nanoscience applications and the improvement in the performance of liquid crystal based devices has been extensively required by the technological world. Recent progress in the field of liquid crystals has found its practical implementation in various display and non display devices which experiences obstacle due to impurity effects that reduces its performance. The dispersion of nanoparticles in liquid crystal medium helps in the reduction of impurity ions and thus improving the performance of liquid crystal based devices. The present work is based on the collective dielectric relaxation processes that have been observed in antiferroelectric liquid crystal (AFLC) mixture W1000 dispersed with 0.1% wt/wt and 0.3% wt/wt concentrations of graphene oxide. Graphene oxide itself favors vertical alignment and the coupling of AFLC W1000 mixture with graphene oxide affects its molecular ordering. This has been confirmed from the polarizing optical micrographs. The dielectric relaxation modes have been observed with and without the application of bias voltage in SmC* to SmCA* phase transition during cooling cycle. The appearance and disappearance of PL, PH and X modes have been observed and are explained on the basis of molecular interactions. Graphene oxide dispersed system favors homeotropic alignment (dark state) and the application of bias field will convert it into homogenous alignment (bright state). Graphene oxide dispersion find prospective applications in good contrast display devices, supercapacitors, electronic gadgets, rechargeable batteries. Electro optical results unveil the faster response time, decreased rotational viscosity and spontaneous polarization with no change in tilt angle for the dispersed system. These observations can be exploited in photonic switches with sub millisecond response time which are required for fabricating faster liquid crystal devices.

Solution-processed upconversion photodetectors based on quantum dots

Upconversion photodetectors convert photons from the infrared to the visible light spectrum and are of use in applications such as infrared detection and imaging. High-performance upconversion devices are, however, typically based on vacuum-deposited materials, which are expensive and require high operating voltages, which limits their implementation in flexible systems. Here we report solution-processed optical upconversion photodetectors with a high photon-to-photon conversion efficiency of 6.5% and a low turn-on voltage of 2.5 V. Our devices consist of a colloidal lead sulfide quantum dot layer for harvesting infrared light that is monolithically coupled to a cadmium selenide/zinc selenide quantum dot layer for visible-light emission. We optimized the charge-extraction layers in these devices by incorporating silver nanoparticles into the electron transport layers to enable carrier tunnelling. Our photodetectors exhibit a low dark current, high detectivity (6.4 × 1012 Jones) and millisecond response time, and are compatible with flexible substrates. We also show that the devices can be used for in vitro bioimaging. By embedding silver nanoparticles in the electron transport layer, solution-processed quantum-dot-based photodetectors with a high photon-to-electron conversion efficiency of 6.5% and a low turn-on voltage of 2.5 V can be created for use in infrared imaging applications.

Deep-learning-enabled self-adaptive microwave cloak without human intervention

Becoming invisible at will has fascinated humanity for centuries and in the past decade it has attracted a great deal of attention owing to the advent of metamaterials. However, state-of-the-art invisibility cloaks typically work in a deterministic system or in conjunction with outside help to achieve active cloaking. Here, we propose the concept of an intelligent (that is, self-adaptive) cloak driven by deep learning and present a metasurface cloak as an example implementation. In the experiment, the metasurface cloak exhibits a millisecond response time to an ever-changing incident wave and the surrounding environment, without any human intervention. Our work brings the available cloaking strategies closer to a wide range of real-time, in situ applications, such as moving stealth vehicles. The approach opens the way to facilitating other intelligent metadevices in the microwave regime and across the wider electromagnetic spectrum and, more generally, enables automatic solutions of electromagnetic inverse design problems. A deep-learning-enabled metasurface cloak actively self-adapts to take into account changing microwave illumination and varying physical surroundings.