Response Tendencies Research Articles

인천 학생의 생활실태 및 인식 비교

Objectives The purpose of this study is to understand the living status of students in Incheon Metropolitan City and to make policy suggestions on education support at the level of the metropolitan and provincial offices of education by comparing and analyzing the differences in perceptions depending on whether they are multicultural families.
 Methods The researchers conducted a survey of 4,351 students in Incheon. The questionnaire area was divided into personal life, family life, and school life, and a total of 81 questions were extracted and analyzed. For data analysis, frequency analysis, chi-test, and t-test were conducted according to the characteristics of the question using SPSS 29.0.
 Results Students were affected in all areas of life in relation to ‘study’ and ‘career’, and these influences were prominent in main worries and concerns, reasons for discontinuing studies, self-awareness and satisfaction. Students from multicultural families and students from general families showed common response trends and differential response tendencies according to sub-questions, and negative perceptions of students from multicultural families were confirmed in the questions related to academic support.
 Conclusions Based on the research results, this study suggested diversifying support for studies and careers, the necessity of parent education for student support, and continuous and systematic support for student mental health management.

Отличается ли культурная и эмоциональная компетентности в регионах Индии? Сравнительное исследование

<p>Students from various parts of India periodically migrate to universities for academic and professional reasons. They reflect various cultural diversities and have to overcome obstacles like intergroup prejudice and acculturative stress. Although these factors can differ by region, the response tendency may be influenced by their respective cultural intelligence/quotient (CQ) and emotional intelligence/quotient (EQ). The comparisons of CQ and EQ across students from significant regions of India, however, have never been recorded in a prior study. This study attempted to examine the level of CQ and EQ among students who were enrolled in educational institutions in Kalaburagi City, who belong to three major regions of India (North, South-East, and South-West). A total of 385 students between the ages of 18 and 31 (mean age: 20.56; standard deviation: 2.633) were recruited for the study. Surprisingly, there were significant geographical disparities in the use of emotions and metacognitive CQ. Compared to students from the other two regions, students from the south-eastern area performed better while using emotional EQ and scored less while using meta-cognitive CQ. The study deduced the plausible factors and potential explanations for CQ – EQ disparities and inter-regional acceptability among students from three major regions, which may be used to develop a CQ & EQ training program for usage across India's educational system.</p>

Conflict + Anxiety = Turmoil! Introducing a Measure of Conflict Response Derailers

Experiences of social conflict often trigger anxiety, which is associated with more reactive, extreme, and problematic responses to conflict. However, individuals respond to conflict anxiety in different ways. This article presents the findings from a series of scale development studies that sought to create and test a measure for assessing common behavioral response tendencies in interpersonal conflict. The Conflict Anxiety Response Scale (CARS) is based on a theoretical framework proposed by Morton Deutsch—a pioneering conflict research scholar and clinical practitioner—that outlines a set of tendencies identified as common manifestations of anxiety management in conflict. The present line of research aims to develop a valid and reliable scale to assess respondents on these inclinations and explore their consequences. Ultimately, we seek to offer a practical assessment tool of conflict anxiety responses to enhance self‐awareness, professional development, and well‐being.

Invariance Violations and the CNI Model of Moral Judgments.

A number of papers have applied the CNI model of moral judgments to investigate deontological and consequentialist response tendencies. A controversy has emerged concerning the methodological assumptions of the CNI model. In this article, we contribute to this debate by extending the CNI paradigm with a skip option. This allows us to test an invariance assumption that the CNI model shares with prominent process-dissociation models in cognitive and social psychology. Like for these models, the present experiments found violations of the invariance assumption for the CNI model. In Experiment 2, we replicate these results and selectively influence the new parameter for the skip option. In addition, structural equation modeling reveals that previous findings for the relationship between gender and the CNI parameters are completely mediated by the association of gender with primary psychopathy.

Paralysis by Inertia “Like” Habit in Social Networking Services: Tendency to Answer Loyalty Questions in Marketing Surveys

Factors affecting survey quality, such as questionnaire length, screen design, incentives for respondents, and answering devices have been extensively researched before. This study introduces a new dimension to the factors of response bias’ factors and focuses on the possibility that Like habits and motives in social networking services (SNS) may lower the psychological barrier to favorable reactions for brand loyalty (e.g., recommendation intention). Propensity score was applied to the results of Japanese smartphone users’ online survey, and the effect of Like habits on response tendencies was verified. Results show that compared to the group that did not use SNS, there were no differences with those who used true Likes, and a group of inertia Like has a high score—becoming clear that the psychological barriers differ depending on Like motive. If the SNS usage status of survey respondents fluctuates, the results may be biased and mistakes could occur in decision-making.

Experimental characterization of a shape optimized acoustic lens: Application to compact speakerphone design

This work presents the shape optimization and subsequent experimental validation of an acoustic lens with application to a compact loudspeaker, such as found in commercial speakerphones. The shape optimization framework is based on a combined lumped parameter and boundary element method model using free form deformation geometry parameterization. To test the optimized design, the loudspeaker lens is three-dimensionally printed and experimentally characterized under anechoic conditions on a finite baffle with respect to its off-axis frequency response. The overall tendencies of the frequency responses agree well between measurement and simulations within the optimization frequency range and at low frequencies. The optimization process is applied to a model including acoustic lumped parameter approximations. The shortcomings of the assumptions made in the model are revealed by laser Doppler vibrometer measurements of the loudspeaker driver and modelling of the mechanical vibrations of the lens.

Elevated Levels of Procoagulant Microvesicles and Tissue-Factor Bearing Microvesicles in Malaria Patients.

Procoagulant microvesicles (MVs) are submicron membrane fragments released from activated cells and cells undergoing apoptosis. The procoagulant activity of MVs is enhanced in the presence of tissue factor (TF). MVs and TF are active mediators that induce pro-inflammatory response and prothrombotic tendency and have been linked to the severity of several disorders, including malaria infection. The current study aimed to measure the levels of circulating procoagulant MVs and TF-bearing MVs in malaria patients and correlate these levels with other hematological parameters and parasitemia. Levels of MVs and TF-bearing MVs in the plasma of children and adult patients infected with Plasmodium falciparum were measured alongside matched healthy controls. Patients with Plasmodium falciparum infection had ~3.8 times MVs (p < 0.0001) and ~13.0 times TF-bearing MVs compared to the matched healthy controls. MVs showed inverse significant correlation with platelet count (p = 0.0055), hemoglobin (p = 0.0004) and parasitemia. Elevated levels of MVs and TF-bearing MVs could be useful biomarkers to evaluate the procoagulant activity, inflammatory response and parasitemia levels in malaria infection, aiding in better management of the disease.

Pandemic related changes in social interaction are associated with changes in automatic approach-avoidance behaviour

People’s natural tendencies to either approach or avoid different stimuli in their environment are considered fundamental motivators of human behaviour. There is a wealth of research exploring how changes in approach and avoidance motivational orientations impact behaviour with consequences for wellbeing. However, research has seldom explored this relationship in reverse. The COVID-19 pandemic offered a unique opportunity to explore whether widespread changes in social behaviour are associated with changes in automatic approach-avoidance tendencies over time. We gathered online survey data on people’s adherence to 7 of the prescribed social restrictions set out by the UK government and people’s automatic approach-avoidance tendencies in response to different stimuli (sad/happy faces and social scenes) at three time points during the COVID-19 pandemic. Reduced-overall-interaction (digital and in person) was found to be significantly associated with faster avoidance relative to approach of sad faces. The results suggest that automatic approach-avoidance tendencies may function to protect people against the typically negative experience of reduced social interaction, with important implications for understanding public resilience during times of crisis, and beyond.

Effectiveness, Flexibility and Safety of Switching IVF to IVM as a Rescue Strategy in Unexpected Poor Ovarian Response for PCOS Infertility Patients

According to the latest practice committee document, in vitro maturation (IVM) is a simple and safe procedure, especially in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Does switching from in vitro fertilization (IVF) to IVM (IVF/M) help as a rescue infertility treatment for PCOS patients with an unexpected poor ovarian response (UPOR) tendency? This retrospective cohort study included 531 women with PCOS who had undergone 588 natural IVM cycles or had switched to IVF/M cycles from 2008 to 2017. Natural IVM was performed in 377 cycles, and switching IVF/M was performed in 211 cycles. The primary outcome measure was the cumulative live birth rates (cLBRs), and the secondary outcomes included laboratory and clinical outcomes, maternal safety, and obstetric and perinatal complications. No significant difference was found in the cLBRs between the natural IVM and switching IVF/M groups (23.6% vs. 17.4%, p = 0.05). Meanwhile, the natural IVM group had a higher cumulative clinical pregnancy rate (36.0% vs. 26.0%, p = 0.01), and a decrease in the number of oocytes was obtained in the switching IVF/M group (13.5 vs. 12.0, p < 0.01). The number of good quality embryos in the natural IVM group was 2.2 ± 2.5, and 2.1 ± 2.3 (p = 0.64) in the switching IVF/M group. No statistically significant differences were observed in the number of 2 pronuclear (2PN) and available embryos. Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) did not occur in the switching IVF/M and natural IVM groups, indicating a highly favorable outcome. In PCOS infertile women with UPOR, timely switching IVF/M is a viable option that markedly reduces the canceled cycle, results in reasonable oocyte retrieval, and leads to live births.

Assessing the influence of cognitive response conflict on balance control: an event-related approach using response-aligned force-plate time series data

Process interference or sharing of attentional resources between cognitive tasks and balance control during upright standing has been well documented. Attentional costs increase with greater balancing demands of a balance activity, for example in standing compared to sitting. The traditional approach for analyzing balance control using posturography with a force plate integrates across relative long trial periods of up to several minutes, which blends any balance adjustments and cognitive operations within this period. In the present study, we pursued an event-related approach to assess if single cognitive operations resolving response selection conflict in the Simon task interfere with concurrent balance control in quiet standing. In addition to traditional outcome measures (response latency, error proportions) in the cognitive Simon task, we investigated the effect of spatial congruency on measures of sway control. We expected that conflict resolution in incongruent trials would alter short-term progression of sway control. Our results demonstrated the expected congruency effect on performance in the cognitive Simon task and the mediolateral variability of balance control within 150 ms before the onset of the manual response was reduced to a greater degree in incongruent compared to congruent trials. In addition, mediolateral variability before and after the manual response was generally reduced compared to variability following target presentation, where no effect of congruency was observed. Assuming that response conflict in incongruent conditions requires suppression of the incorrect response tendencies, our results may imply that mechanisms of cognitive conflict resolution may also carry over to intermittent balance control mechanisms in a direction-specific manner.

Avoidant authority: The effect of organizational power on decision-making in high-uncertainty situations.

Individuals in positions of power are often required to make high-stakes decisions. The approach-inhibition theory of social power holds that elevated power activates approach-related tendencies, leading to decisiveness and action orientation. However, naturalistic decision-making research has often reported that increased power often has the opposite effect and causes more avoidant decision-making. To investigate the potential activation of avoidance-related tendencies in response to elevated power, this study employed an immersive scenario-based battery of least-worst decisions (the Least-Worst Uncertain Choice Inventory for Emergency Responses; LUCIFER) with members of the United States Armed Forces. In line with previous naturalistic decision-making research on the effect of power, this research found that in conditions of higher power, individuals found decisions more difficult and were more likely to make an avoidant choice. Furthermore, this effect was more pronounced in domain-specific decisions for which the individual had experience. These findings expand our understanding of when, and in what contexts, power leads to approach vs. avoidant tendencies, as well as demonstrate the benefits of bridging methodological divides that exist between "in the lab" and "in the field" when studying high-uncertainty decision-making.

High school students’ conceptions of data-driven argumentation as advocacy when reasoning about variability

The main purpose of this paper is twofold. First, it seeks to clarify the different ways in which Thai high school students conceive of data-driven argumentation when asked to provide persuasive arguments based on data analysis, in the context of a socially open-ended problem requiring reasoning about variability. Second, it seeks to analyse the connections between those conceptions and the students’ predispositions to argue. A group of 26 Thai Grade 12 students engaged in a statistical investigation, in which it was necessary to use an unsorted set of varying test scores to rebut a mother’s claim about how awful her child’s test result was, in order to experience data-driven argumentation as advocacy (i.e. the questioning of a standpoint, the objections to a person’s arguments, and the offering of arguments against the standpoint someone is supporting) and variability modelling. Five conceptions of data-driven argumentation as advocacy were identified from the data analysis, based on the type of reasoning about variability exhibited by the students. Moreover, three predispositions to argue were also identified from the participants’ responses, which were found to be culturally-shaped response tendencies.

Perturbative analysis of low-frequency instabilities in high-field ST40 experiments

Linear and nonlinear perturbative analyses of low-frequency instabilities are presented for ST40 spherical torus high field plasmas, with simultaneous neutral beam heating due to two tangential sources at 25 keV and 55 keV. Initial plasma profiles on which the TRANSP and NUBEAM codes were based were obtained using an integrated analysis of several diagnostics including line-of-sight integrated and volume average measurements, as well as limited profile information from a charge-exchange-recombination spectrometer. Magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) analysis using the NOVA/NOVA-K codes suggests that the modes in the experiments are core-localized n = 1 eigenmodes with mixed acoustic and electromagnetic Alfvénic polarization. The global transport combined with the perturbative mode analysis indicates that there is greater tendency for bursty chirping response as the level of background micro-turbulence decreases in time and those predictions are shown to be consistent with the experimental data. This finding is interpreted in terms of the suppression of coherent phase-space structures that support chirping when the resonant fast ion dynamics is dominated by frequent stochastic, orbit-decorrelating events.

Type IVb Hypersensitivity Reaction in the Novel Murine Model of Palladium–Induced Intraoral Allergic Contact Mucositis

Palladium (Pd) is a component of several alloy types that are widely used in our environment, including several dental alloy types that cause adverse reactions such as hypersensitivity in the oral mucosa. However, the pathological mechanism of intraoral Pd allergies remains unclear because its animal model in the oral mucosa has not been established. In this study, we established a novel murine model of Pd-induced allergies in the oral mucosa, and explored the immune response of cytokine profiles and T cell diversity in terms of the T cell receptor. The Pd-induced allergy mouse was generated by two sensitizations with PdCl2, plus a lipopolysaccharide solution into the postauricular skin followed by a single Pd challenge of the buccal mucosa. Significant swelling and pathological features were histologically evident at five days after the challenge, and CD4-positive T cells producing high levels of T helper 2 type cytokines had accumulated in the allergic oral mucosa. Characterization of the T cell receptor repertoire in Palladium allergic mice indicated that Pd-specific T cell populations were limited in V and J genes but were diverse at the clonal level. Our model demonstrated that a Pd-specific T cell population with Th2 type response tendencies may be involved in the Pd-induced intraoral metal contact allergy.

Reduction of transmitted impact sound of dry-type floating floor due to differences in impact force characteristics

In Japan, JIS A 1418-2:2019 specifies the car-tire with impact force characteristics (1) and the rubber ball with impact force characteristics (2) as standard heavy impact sources. In addition, JIS A 1440-2:2007 specifies the measurement method of the reduction of transmitted impact sound by floor coverings on a solid standard floor. It has also been reported that the reduction of transmitted impact sound differs depending on the impact sources of the car-tire and the rubber ball. It has been reported that one of the reasons for different reduction of transmitted impact sound is excessive car-tire impact force, and a tendency for a nonlinear response to impact force for a dry-type floating floor. In this study, an experimental examination is conducted to interconvert the reduction of transmitted impact sound of the car-tire and the rubber ball. This paper discusses the reduction of transmitted impact sound due to the change in impact force by varying the drop height of the car-tire and the rubber ball. The results suggest that the difference in reduction of transmitted impact sound between the car-tire and the rubber ball cannot be explained only by nonlinearity due to the impact force for a dry-type floating floor.

Platforms for Dwelling

Under contemporary capitalism and platform urbanism, domesticity distorts to take on new forms. Dwelling is simultaneously decentralised and re-distributed via digital and urban networks. This article argues that these new forms of dwelling necessitate new modes of critique – ones primed for this networked, spatially distributed condition. It proposes to supplement typological and topographical approaches to dwelling with the more ‘anexactly rigorous’ relational cartography offered by the field of topology. The article begins with an outline of topology, drawing on mathematics, philosophy and geography towards a reconceptualisation of architecture as a boundary-drawing apparatus. The topological condition of modern dwelling is then retraced as a genealogy of interpenetrating edifices, mediating membranes, and prosthetic equipment, which have prefigured present-day formations of domesticity. The second half of the article trains this topological lens onto three architectural tendencies in response to platform urbanism: convivial arrangements of networked living, commoning platforms and thresholds, and counter-protocols of distributed domesticity. Through unpacking these trajectories, the article illustrates the potential that a topological approach engenders via new modes of mapping, critiquing, resisting and subverting the unequally distributed agency and power underlying the circuits of platform urbanism.

Adaptation to a limiting element involves mitigation of multiple elemental imbalances.

About 20 elements underlie biology and thus constrain biomass production. Recent systems-level observations indicate that altered supply of one element impacts the processing of most elements encompassing an organism (i.e. ionome). Little is known about the evolutionary tendencies of ionomes as populations adapt to distinct biogeochemical environments. We evolved the bacterium Serratia marcescens under five conditions (i.e. low carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, iron or manganese) that limited the yield of the ancestor compared with replete medium, and measured the concentrations and use efficiency of these five, and five other elements. Both physiological responses of the ancestor, as well as evolutionary responses of descendants to experimental environments involved changes in the content and use efficiencies of the limiting element, and several others. Differences in coefficients of variation in elemental contents based on biological functions were evident, with those involved in biochemical building (C, N, P, S) varying least, followed by biochemical balance (Ca, K, Mg, Na), and biochemical catalysis (Fe, Mn). Finally, descendants evolved to mitigate elemental imbalances evident in the ancestor in response to limiting conditions. Understanding the tendencies of such ionomic responses will be useful to better forecast biological responses to geochemical changes.

Supplemental Material for Are There Dominant Response Tendencies for Social Reactions? Trust Trumps Mistrust—Evidence From a Dominant Behavior Measure (DBM)

Supplemental Material for Are There Dominant Response Tendencies for Social Reactions? Trust Trumps Mistrust—Evidence From a Dominant Behavior Measure (DBM)

High precision magnetoencephalography reveals increased right-inferior frontal gyrus beta power during response conflict.

Flexibility of behavior and the ability to rapidly switch actions is critical for adaptive living in humans. It is well established that the right-inferior frontal gyrus (R-IFG) is recruited during outright action-stopping, relating to increased beta (12-30Hz) power. It has also been posited that inhibiting incorrect response tendencies and switching is central to motor flexibility. However, it is not known if the commonly reported R-IFG beta signature of response inhibition in action-stopping is also recruited during response conflict, which would suggest overlapping networks for stopping and switching. In the current study, we analyzed high precision magnetoencephalography (hpMEG) data recorded with multiple within subject recording sessions (trials n>10,000) from 8 subjects during different levels of response conflict. We hypothesized that a R-IFG-triggered network for response inhibition is domain general and therefore also involved in mediating response conflict. We tested whether R-IFG showed increased beta power dependent on the level of response conflict. Using event-related spectral perturbations and linear mixed modeling, we found that R-IFG beta power increased for response conflict trials. The R-IFG beta increase was specific to trials with strong response conflict, and increased R-IFG beta power related to less error. This supports a more generalized role for R-IFG beta, beyond simple stopping behavior towards response switching.

The Relationship of the Impulsivity and Decision-Making Behavior with Social Cognitive Skills in Borderline Personality Disorder.

In this study, we aimed to examine the relationship between decision-making processes and other cognitive characteristics associated with Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) in comparison with healthy controls by using the neurocognitive tests. The sample of the study consists of the patient group diagnosed with BPD (n=27) and the voluntary participants without any psychiatric diagnosis (n=28). Borderline Personality Inventory (BPI) was used for psychiatric evaluation, and Iowa Gambling Test (IGT), Stroop Test, Benton Face Recognition Test, Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test, Dokuz Eylül Theory of Mind Scale (DEToM), WMS-R Digit Span and Logical Memory Subscales were administered for neuropsychological examination. A significant difference was found between the BPD and the control group in BPI scores (p=0.02). There were no significant differences on the duration of interference and the number of errors in the Stroop Test, but it was observed that the number of spontaneous correction responses differed significantly (p=0.02) between the groups. A significant difference was revealed (p<0.01) in the immediate recall scores of the WMS-R Logical Memory (subtest story A) between the groups. There were also differences in the Iowa Gambling Test between the groups in the response tendency to choose from deck A (p=0.028) in the first half and from deck B (p=0.03) in the second half of the test. Finally, among the total scores of DEToM there was significant difference between the two groups (p<0.01), and this difference was prominent in the second-degree false belief (p=0.024) and empathy (p=0.027) tasks. As a result of our study, it was concluded that individuals with BPD have minimal difficulty in inhibiting inappropriate response, and this difficulty is related to making disadvantageous choices in decision-making behavior. While BPD group was successful in predicting mental states from external cues in terms of social cognition, however, it was observed that they had difficulty integrating cues within a social pattern and making coherent narratives.