Response Surface Optimization Research Articles

Release Characteristics of Fenugreek Polysaccharide‐Lemon Essential Oil Inclusion Compound and Its Application in Cigarette Flavouring

ABSTRACTEmbedding is an effective method to overcome the poor thermal stability and release properties of lemon essential oil (LEO). This research focused on the fabrication of inclusion complexes through co‐precipitation and response surface optimization, employing Fenugreek polysaccharide (FP15) as the wall material. The complexes were assessed through thermal analysis and in vitro slow‐release investigations. XRD, FTIR and SEM analysis proved that LEO formed supramolecular structure with FP15 through hydrogen bonding and van der Waals force, and was successfully embedded with packaging efficiency of 57.33%. Thermal behaviour analysis showed that FP15 as a wall material significantly improved the thermal stability of LEO. The analysis based on the KAS and Coats‐Redfern methods showed that the apparent activation energy of inclusion compounds increased with the increase of conversion rate, and the secondary reaction model (F2) could better describe the pyrolysis reaction mechanism of inclusion compounds. In vitro release experiments showed that the release of LEO from the inclusion at 37°C (human body temperature) and 65°C (food processing temperature) followed a first‐order kinetic model, with LEO being released from the carrier by non‐Fickian diffusion. The analysis of pyrolysis products showed that the inclusion compound pyrolyzed at 300°C, 600°C and 900°C to produce a large number of aldehydes, esters and non‐/semi‐volatile organic acids. The production of these flavour substances improves the quality, concentration of aroma, rich‐ness and harmony of the cigarette during smoking. In summary, FP15 as a wall material slowed down the release of LEO, enhanced its stability and improved the sensory quality of cigarettes.

Bioharvesting and improvement of nano-silica yield from bagasse by irradiated Curvularia spicifera

BackgroundSugarcane bagasse is an organic waste material abundant in silica. Silica is a very significant inorganic substance that is widely employed in a variety of industrial applications.This study displays an eco-friendly and inexpensive biotransformation process producing silica nanoparticles (SNPs) using a primarily reported Curvularias picifera strain under solid-state fermentation (SSF) on bagasse as a starting material. The produced SNps were characterized by XRD, DLS, Zeta sizer, FT-IR, SEM, and TEM analyses. The silica bioleaching ability of C. spicifera was further amended by exposure to gamma irradiation at a dose of 750 Gy. The biotransformation process was additionally optimized by applying response surface methodology (RSM).ResultAccording to screening experiments, the selected promising fungal isolate was identified as Curvularia spicifera AUMC 15532. The SNPs fabrication was significantly enhanced by gamma irradiation (optimal dose 750 Gy) and response surface methodology for the first time. The attained SNps’ size ranged from 30.6–130.4 nm depending on the biotransformation conditions employed in the statistical model, which is available for numerous applications. The XRD shows the amorphous nature of the fabricated SNPs, whereas the FTIR analysis revealed the three characteristic bands of SNPs. The outcomes of the response surface optimization demonstrated that the model exhibited an adequate degree of precision, as evidenced by the higher R2 value (0.9511) and adjusted R2 value (0.8940), which confirmed the model’s close correspondence with the experimental data. A gamma irradiation dose of 750 Gy was optimal for a significant increase in the silica bioleaching activity by C. spicifera fermented bagasse (71.4% increase compared to the non-irradiated strain).

Response Surface Optimization of Acid Fuchsine Removal using Electro-Fenton coupled with Smartphone-based Calorimetry and Chemical Oxygen Demand Measurements

Today, smartphone-based digital colorimetry is used as an inexpensive and portable tool. In this study, electro-Fenton (EF) method was coupled with a smartphone for acid fuchsine (AF) dye removal. In this method, the colored sample was photographed before and after the EF process. Then, the Red, Green, and Blue (RGB) and Hue, Saturation, and Value (HSV) codes of the image were extracted using Color Grab software. Experimental parameters were optimized by the central composite design (CCD). Optimized parameters were pH=3, voltage=20 V, time=12 min, CH2O2=10-5 mol L-1. Under these conditions, 96.2% AF removal was attained. The chemical oxygen demands (COD) evaluated by the EF processes were in good agreement with each other. In this EF system, a 65% decrease in COD was observed after 12 min.

Response Surface Optimization of Hexane Extraction and Chemical Characterization of Oil From Locusta migratoria

Response Surface Optimization of Hexane Extraction and Chemical Characterization of Oil From <i>Locusta migratoria</i>

Sustainable Fabrication of Phycocyanin Encapsulated Nanoparticles: A Response Surface Optimization Impact

Sustainable Fabrication of Phycocyanin Encapsulated Nanoparticles: A Response Surface Optimization Impact

The Response Surface Optimization of the Performance of Modified Polyurethane Membranes for Phenol Removal

In this study, polyurethane (PU) filter membranes were modified with MIL-53(Al) in order to improve phenol removal efficiency. First, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to determine that modifier dosage and temperature were significant influences, and pH had a small effect. Then, Design-Expert 13 software was used to derive higher-order fitting equations based on Box–Behnken design, and the parameters were optimized by a system of partial differential equations. Finally, the optimized parameters were obtained by solving the system of partial differential equations, and the reproducibility of the experiment was confirmed using a t-test. The results showed that the modified filter membranes significantly enhanced phenol removal efficiency by 93.34%, which verifies the accuracy of the model and the reproducibility of the experiment and provides theoretical basis and data support for the promotion of the modified membrane.

Preparation of flavonoids from Amomum tsaoko and evaluation of their antioxidant and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities.

Amomum tsaoko is an important homologous medicinal and food plant, and its fruit is rich in flavonoids. However, few studies have reported the preparation and bioactivity of flavonoids in A. tsaoko (ATF). In this study, the optimal conditions for ultrasound-assisted extraction of ATF were identified through response surface optimization. HPD300 was identified as the best resin for the purification of ATF, as it exhibited a Freundlich model-conformative adsorption isotherm. Among the different concentrations of ethanol, 20% and 30% resulted in higher flavonoid purity (>90%) and stronger antioxidant and α-glucosidase inhibition activities. A widely targeted metabolomics assay revealed that the relative abundance of flavonoids in a mixture of 20% and 30% ethanol eluates was greater than 73%, which mainly contained (+)-epicatechin, isoquercitrin, astragalin kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside, and procyanidin B2. These findings provide a theoretical basis for the in-depth development and potential use of ATF in the functional food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries.

Optimization design of gearbox based on response surface optimization and topology optimization

Optimization design of gearbox based on response surface optimization and topology optimization

Study on the adsorption performance of carbon-magnetic modified sepiolite nanocomposite for Sb(V), Cd(II), Pb(II), and Zn(II): Optimal conditions, mechanisms, and practical applications in mining areas.

A carbon-magnetic modified sepiolite nanocomposite (γ-Fe2O3/SiO2-Mg(OH)2@BC) was synthesized using a hydrothermal method, consisting of γ-Fe2O3, activated sludge biochar (BC), and alkali-modified sepiolite. Its ability to remove heavy metals such as Sb(V), Pb(II), Cd(II), and Zn(II) was investigated through adsorption experiments. Using response surface optimization, the optimal adsorption conditions were determined: adsorption time = 3.78 h, pH = 2.63, initial concentration = 15.78 mg/L, temperature = 35.14°C, and adsorbent dosage = 100.71 mg. Characterization results revealed that the main adsorption mechanisms included complexation, π-π interactions, and electrostatic attraction. Kinetic and isotherm model analyses indicated that the adsorption process of γ-Fe2O3/SiO2-Mg(OH)2@BC adhered to the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and the Freundlich isotherm model, primarily involving multilayer chemical adsorption. The application of this composite material in complex aquatic environments in antimony mining areas demonstrated promising practical results, as well as excellent regeneration performance. This study provides technical and theoretical support for the treatment of complex heavy metal wastewater in antimony mining areas and lays a foundation for the development of novel carbon-magnetic modified nanocomposite adsorbents.

Anodic electrooxidation of textile wastewater by using spray coating Ti/TiO2-RuO2-IrO2 anode: Response surface optimization of the process

Anodic electrooxidation of textile wastewater by using spray coating Ti/TiO2-RuO2-IrO2 anode: Response surface optimization of the process

Response surface optimization of cleaning vehicle sweeping suction flow field characteristics and parameter matching

Response surface optimization of cleaning vehicle sweeping suction flow field characteristics and parameter matching

Response surface optimization of lead adsorption onto teff straw-derived activated carbon

Response surface optimization of lead adsorption onto teff straw-derived activated carbon

Response surface optimization design of coal-derived activated carbon with high capacitance performance using decreased amount of KOH activated agent

ABSTRACT Coal-derived activated carbon (CAC) is considered as an important direction for high-economic utilization and sustainable development of coal resources. However, this process is limited due to the overall promotion of environmental protection. In this paper, CAC was prepared by H2O activation combined with KOH solution impregnation re-activation of Taixi anthracite. The addition of a small amount of KOH (less than 60 wt% of CACI) significantly promoted the pore formation of CAC, and in addition, a high CAC yield (about 56%) was also obtained. The effects of impregnation conditions of KOH on the specific capacitance of CACII were analyzed by response surface optimization, and the optimal preparation parameters (12.5 mol/L, 82°C and 8.3 h) were obtained. The specific capacitance of CACII prepared under this optimal condition is 334.2 F/g because it has a large specific surface area of 1909.92 m2/g and a defect degree greater than 1. KOH activation improves the wettability of CACII by introducing hydroxy groups. The assembled CACII//CACII symmetrical device also has a higher specific capacitance (224.3 F/g at 0.5 A/g) than the commercial YP-50F. At the same time, it also has a high energy density of 31.15 Wh/kg at 500 W/kg. The physical-chemical multi-stage activation method can significantly reduce the consumption of corrosive chemical reagents in the preparation of CAC, which greatly relieves the pressure of equipment and environment, and lays the foundation for the industrial production of CAC.

Design optimization of a fluidic thrust vectoring system based on coanda effect using meta-models

Abstract In this study, parametric optimization is employed to identify optimal output parameters for physical components of HOMER nozzle type fluidic thrust vectoring (FTV) system. Optimization study is conducted on seven output parameters: moment around upper Coanda surface, MA; performance parameter, PP; thrust vectoring angle, θ T; total thrust, T; thrust vectoring efficiency, η; axial thrust, Tx; transverse thrust, Ty. 440 case studies in design-of-experiment stage are employed, utilizing a range of meta-models. Genetic-Aggregation meta-model exhibited highest coefficient of determination (R2) among tested meta-models. In response surface optimization stage, six objectives are enforced through use of Multi-Objective-Genetic-Algorithm technique. Subsequently, three optimization candidate points are identified for filtering of output parameters deemed to be of particular importance. Among them, candidate point with geometry-4 and parameter-1 = 39.23 m/s, exhibited the highest values for PP, θ T, η, and Ty, with 4.78 %, 4.48 %, 7.97 %, and 7.94 % higher values, respectively, compared to the baseline geometry.

Optimization of fermentation conditions and blending process of fairy bean in North Anhui Province

Functional fermentation strains were isolated and screened from traditional fairy beans in northern Anhui. Through technical identification, Bacillus subtilis SXD06 was determined to be the superior fermentation strain, while Wickerhamomyces anomalus YE006 was identified as the optimal aroma-producing yeast. Utilizing single-factor experiments and response surface optimization, a Central Composite Design fermentation and blending model was established. The optimal fermentation conditions were determined to be: an inoculation amount of 1.1% for Bacillus subtilis SXD06, an inoculation amount of 4.2% for Wickerhamomyces anomalus YE006, and a fermentation temperature of 34 °C, Fermentation lasted 84.2 h. SDS-PAGE electrophoresis comparison between control and sample groups indicated effective fermentation, with most fairy beans converting to amino acids. Optimal conditions were identified as 5.5% salt, 0.26% star anise powder, 0.25% cinnamon, 1.5% pepper, 4.5% edible alcohol, and 0.28% fragrant leaves. The sensory evaluation of soybean products produced under the specified conditions yielded the highest scores. This study offers robust technical support for the development of low-ammonia, high-quality fairy bean products that align with consumer preferences.Graphical abstract

Thermo-catalytic transformation of indigenous agricultural waste into chemically diverse bio-oil: process refined through response surface optimization

Thermo-catalytic transformation of indigenous agricultural waste into chemically diverse bio-oil: process refined through response surface optimization

Safety and stability control of Mashkid Olia earth dam based on response surface optimization methodology (case study)

Safety and stability control of Mashkid Olia earth dam based on response surface optimization methodology (case study)

Quality prediction and process optimization in abrasive waterjet cutting of ultra‐thick carbon fiber reinforced polymer

AbstractSurface roughness and delamination extent are key indicators for assessing the surface quality of machined carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) laminates. This study conducted an in‐depth investigation on the uncontrollable surface quality of abrasive water jet (AWJ) machining of ultra‐thick CFRP. Considering the sensitivity of the laminate structure to the jet impact angle, an optimized response surface methodology was used to analyze the effects of process parameters on surface roughness. Additionally, the differences in surface roughness on both sides of the kerf under non‐orthogonal cutting were examined. Based on these analyses, a surface roughness prediction model was developed. Furthermore, the study comprehensively analyzed the effects of material mechanical properties and process parameters on delamination damage. Using dimensional analysis, a predictive model for the maximum delamination length, considering jet energy dissipation, was established. The novelty of this research is to reveal the difference in surface quality on both sides of the kerf under non‐orthogonal cutting, and to establish prediction models for surface roughness and delamination damage based on the energy dissipation characteristics of ultra‐thick CFRP AWJ machining. This research provides essential modeling foundations for enhancing the controllability of AWJ machining quality for ultra‐thick CFRP complex components.Highlights Surface roughness and delamination damage impact AWJ use for ultra‐thick CFRP. Non‐orthogonal cutting causes surface quality differences on kerf sides. A model for kerf surface roughness at any jet impact angle was established. The delamination mechanism in internal path cutting was analyzed. The delamination length model for ultra‐thick CFRP laminates was established.

Optimization, Characterisation and Evaluation of Biochar Obtained from Biomass of Invasive Weed Crotalaria burhia

Invasive weed plants are unwanted and hazardous waste biomass; and have extraordinary potential to serve as raw materials for biochar production. To evaluate the potentiality of invasive weed for bioenergy production in the form of biochar, Crotolaria burhia was investigated. The response surface modeling and optimization of the biochar parameters were conducted using the experimental design expert 13.0. The optimum value of the desirability function was obtained at a pyrolysis temperature of 450°C and a particle size of 50-100 mm. The model represents a p-value less than 0.0500 and a high F value, which denotes its reliable and accurate prediction of experimental data. A strong correlation was observed between actual and predicted values for biochar composites fixed carbon, carbon, surface area, pore size, and pore volume. In the present study, C. burhia biochar production was carried out by slow pyrolysis at 450°C under vacuum conditions. Biochar was found to be alkaline, with a 33.23% yield. Proximate analysis of C. burhia revealed 3.35% moisture content, 8.48% volatile matter, 81.24% fixed carbon and 6.94% ash content. The elemental analysis shows major concentrations of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen as 57.77%, 6.123%, and 27.60%, respectively. Low H/C and O/C molar ratios were quantified as 0.10% and 0.47%, respectively. It possesses a honeycomb structure having mesoporous surface porosity with a surface area of 155.19m²/g and the presence of a remarkable concentration of mineral elements calcium and potassium. Biochar rich in hydroxyl, carboxylic, and alkene functional groups enhances its applicability areas. These findings make C. burhia a potential feedstock for the production of good-quality biochar.

Preparation of wheat germ albumin polypeptide microcapsules embedded with starch sodium octenylsuccinate/sodium alginate-based materials and sustained-release properties in vitro

The enzymatic hydrolysis products of wheat germ albumin have been extensively studied due to their strong antioxidant properties. The small intestine is an important part for absorbing active substances, but polypeptides are not acid-resistant and are easily hydrolyzed and lose their activity in the stomach, which does not achieve the effect of small intestine absorption. In this study, the optimal process conditions for microencapsulation of wheat germ albumin polypeptides were determined based on response surface optimization experiments as follows: wall to material ratio (starch sodium octenylsuccinate (SSOS) : sodium alginate (SA) =3:1), homogenization time 10 min, and wall to core ratio 20:1. The embedding rate of microcapsules prepared under these conditions was 65.33%. The average particle size of microcapsules was 100.21 μm. SEM results showed that the freeze-drying microcapsules had a sheet-like structure. The increased intensity of the amide A band in the microcapsules in Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy indicated the formation of hydrogen bonds between the wall materials, while thermogravimetric analysis confirmed the protective effect of microcapsules on the formation of wheat germ albumin polypeptides. The release rates of microcapsules in gastric and intestinal juice were 26.54% and 84.41%, respectively, indicating that microcapsules had a sustained release effect.