Fertilizer Response Research Articles

Response of Inorganic Fertilizer and Plant Growth Regulators on Growth and Seed Yield of Radish (Raphanus sativus L.)

This study aimed to evaluate the influence of different levels of inorganic fertilizer and plant growth regulator on seed yield of radish (Raphanus sativus L.) was formulated and conducted during the rabi season of 2022-23 at vegetable seed production plot, Department of Horticulture (Vegetable & Floriculture), BAC, Sabour Bhagalpur. The experiment was conducted to determine seed production ability at four levels of fertilizers viz, (F0-control, F1-N40:P30:K40, F2-N60:P40:K50,& F3-N8P50:K50) as well as seven levels of PGRs viz, P0 (Control), P1 (GA3 @ 50ppm), P2 (GA3 @100 ppm), P3 (GA3 @ 150 ppm), P4 (NAA @ 50 ppm), P5 (NAA @ 100 ppm) and P6 (NAA @ 150 ppm). Inorganic fertilizers were applied at 20 days and PGRs as foliar spray at 30 and 60 days after stecklings transplanting. The experiment was conducted in RBD (Factorial) and replicated thrice. the combined effect of inorganic fertilizers and Plant growth regulators F2P3 significantly gave maximum diameter of pod (7.64 mm), length of pod (56.61mm), number of seeds/pod (6.18), 1000- seed weight (15.12g) and seed yield (18.23q/ha) and plant height is non significant. The treatment combination F3P6 gave the maximum number of branches (8.06). Hence, F2P3 treatment combination is a best combination for seed yield of radish and enhancing seed yield is our ultimate goal. As we performed the study in a particular location, we recommend multilocation trials in different agro-climatic regions to study and final confirmation of the results.

Response of Inorganic, Organic Fertilizer and Microbial Inoculants on Physico-chemical Properties of Soil in Cultivation of Wheat (Triticum aestivum. L) var. PBW-373

The objective of the experiment was to evaluate the response of inorganic fertilizer, organic fertilizer and microbial inoculants on soil health of wheat. The design applied was 3x3 randomized block design. It was observed that treatment T9 (100% RDF +FYM @ 15 t ha-1 + PSB 6.0 kg ha-1) improved the soil WHC, OC, available N,P and K resulted in a slight change in soil pH 7.34, EC 0.49 dS m-1, bulk density 1.14 Mg m-3 and particle density 2.54 Mg m-3. In post-harvest soil of fertilizers observations were resulted in significant increase in pore space 48.97 %, water holding capacity 46.85 %, organic carbon 0.48 %, and available N 286.92 kg ha-1 ,P20.05 kg ha-1,K 201.87 kg ha-1,significant increase in case of Nitrogenkg ha-1, Phosphorus kg ha-1, Potassium kg ha-1 was found to be significant among other treatments in wheat cultivation.

Gender, climate and landowning: Sources of variability in the weather pattern change and ideal fertility relationship in Sahelian West Africa

This paper advances our understanding of the relationship between climate change and ideal fertility in Sahelian West Africa by exploring sources of variation in that relationship. Using an integrated dataset of Demographic and Health Surveys with monthly rainfall and temperature data, the analyses model dimensions of prospective ideal fertility for young, childless men and women in Senegal, Mali, Burkina Faso and Nigeria. Temperature, particularly in the arid climate zone, is shown to have a positive effect on ideal fertility. Landowning insulates individuals from adjusting their fertility ideals in response to change. Gender-stratified models reveal that under hotter conditions, women have a higher ideal number of children but their ideal gender composition remains relatively balanced, while men do not change their ideal number of children but show a preference for more sons. The increase in ideal fertility in response to weather change may be understood as an increasing need to generate human capital to meet the increased labour demands that climate change brings over both the short and the long term.

Response of Mulching and Organic Fertilizers on the Growth Performance of Strawberry (Fragaria ananassa L.) in Southern Philippines

Strawberry is a hybrid species of the genus Fragaria that is widely grown worldwide, especially in cool climate areas and are widely cultivated for their fruit. It is one of the important horticultural crops grown in many parts of the world. Strawberries can be grown using organic fertilizers under different mulching technique. This study investigated the growth and yield performance of strawberries to various application of organic fertilizers (vermicast, vermicompost and vermitea) and mulching materials (rice hull and plastic mulch). Planting materials were taken from a healthy, disease-free strawberry (Shoga) and carried out in Split Plot Factorial Design replicated four times. Strawberry plants applied with vermicompost resulted in significantly high percentage survival (99.16%), plant height (21.61 cm) and number of runners (3.93) compared to plants applied with vermicast and vermitea. Moreover, strawberry plants under plastic mulch condition had the highest growth and yield performance in terms of plant height (21.07 cm), number of runners (4.19), number of leaves (6.57) and total number of marketable fruits (48.10). Based on these results, strawberry applied with vermicompost under plastic mulch condition are recommended. Moreover, results can serve as basis for strawberry growers to use effective yet less expensive fertilizer particularly in tropical Philippines.

Fertilizer response to climate change: Evidence from corn production in China

Corn is the third most cultivated food crop in the world, and climate change has important effects on corn production and food security. China is the top user of chemical fertilizer in the world, and analyzing how to effectively manage fertilizer application in such a developing country with resource constraints is crucial. We present empirical evidence from China to demonstrate the nonlinear impact of temperature on fertilizer usage in corn production based on a panel dataset that shows 2297 corn-growing counties during 1998–2016. Our findings indicate that fertilizer usage barely changes with increasing temperatures that are below 28 °C; however, exposure to temperatures above 28 °C leads to a sharp increase in fertilizer use. The increase in temperatures in the sample period implies that fertilizer usage per hectare for corn increased by 1.5 kg. Summer corn fertilizer application in the Yellow–Huai River Valley is more sensitive to warming than in the North region. Moreover, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers have different temperature thresholds of 32 °C, 20 °C, and 20 °C, respectively, that cause significant changes.

Utility of in situ ion‐exchange membranes to assess nutrient availability, productivity, and fertilizer response of coastal Douglas‐fir of the Pacific Northwest

AbstractDouglas‐fir [Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco] is the predominant forest plantation species in the Pacific Northwest (PNW), with site productivity and fertilizer response influenced by climate and soil variations. This study investigates the utility of in situ 12‐week supply measurements of nitrogen (N), calcium (Ca), and phosphorus (P) to ion‐exchange resins (specifically Plant Root Simulator [PRS] probes) to estimate carbon (C):N ratios, soil nutrient contents (0–1 m), foliar nutrient concentrations, Douglas‐fir productivity (site index and basal area mean annual increment), and fertilizer volume response. PRS nutrient supply rates were correlated with N, Ca, and P soil nutrient contents (0–1 m), C:N ratios, and foliar nutrient concentrations. Low PRS NO3 supply rates (<25 mg N·m−2·burial period−1) were correlated with lower Douglas‐fir productivity and greater fertilizer volume response. PRS NO3 supply rates performed as well as total soil N contents and foliar N concentrations at estimating volume growth response to fertilizer. Twelve weeks after fertilization, PRS NO3, NH4, and Ca supply rates were significantly elevated compared to the unfertilized treatment. This research found that PRS probes were an effective in situ tool and are recommended for understanding N, Ca, and P nutrient availabilities, site productivity, and fertilizer response in Douglas‐fir plantations and for developing fertilizer prescriptions.

Halo‐hydromorphism alters nitrogen fertilization responses of tall wheatgrass pastures: Capture and use of resources, tiller dynamics and forage production

AbstractHalo‐hydromorphism limits productivity in approximately 100 million hectares worldwide. Tall wheatgrass (Thinopyrum ponticum) is a species widely used in these environments for its seeding potential, being the addition of nitrogen a considered technological tool to increase forage quality and production. The objective of the study was to determine the impact of nitrogen fertilization on the capture and use of resources (radiation, water and nitrogen) in a cool season perennial sward growing in contrasting halo‐hydromorphic conditions. Cultivated pastures from three independent sites were used. Sites were described according to the degree of halo‐hydromorphism using soil salinity and water table attributes (salinity and depth) as environmental indicators: low HHM site [electrical conductivity (EC1:2.5) 0.97 dS/m; water table salinity 2.03 dS/m; depth 85 cm], intermediate HHM site (EC1:2.5 3.86 dS/m; water table salinity 7.40 dS/m; depth 134 cm) and high HHM site (EC1:2.5 4.49 dS/m; water table salinity 7.85 dS/m; depth 31 cm). At each site, a late spring regrowth (~750°Cd) was studied by applying two treatments (n = 5): without (N0) and nitrogen fertilization (N150; 150 kg/ha of nitrogen in the form of urea). The response of tall wheatgrass to nitrogen fertilization in halo‐hydromorphic conditions depends on soil salinity and water table attributes. N150 treatments production was twice as high as in N0 in low HHM and intermediate HHM environments (from 1750 to 3500 kgDM/ha and from 1080 to 1985 kgDM/ha, respectively). Meanwhile, in high HHM conditions, forage production was only 40% higher when nitrogen was added (from 625 to 870 kgDM/ha). In low HHM the higher N150 production was related to tiller density and size, whereas in intermediate HHM and high HHM was linked only to tiller size. In N150 treatments, the nitrogen nutrition index was negatively affected with the increase in HHM conditions (0.77, 0.62 and 0.55 for low HHM, intermediate HHM and high HHM, respectively). Instead, nitrogen nutrition index of N0 was similar in all the environments (~0.42). In N150, forage production capacity analysed in terms of radiation and water use efficiency (RUE and WUE, respectively) was similar in low HHM and intermediate HHM environments (RUE ~0.81 gDM/Mj and WUE ~13 kgDM/mm). These findings emphasize the importance of conducting analyses based on resource use and capture to understand productive responses to the increase in growth‐limiting factors. Furthermore, they contribute to the identification of environments suitable for nitrogen fertilization.

Promoting the elemental profile of sorghum grain: Driving factors affecting nutritional properties under nitrogen fertilizer conditions

Monitoring nitrogen utilization is crucial in agricultural practices, emphasizing the interrelationship between soil health, nutrient management, and human health.The study was conducted to evaluate the impact of N fertilizer on the nutritional characteristics of diverse S. bicolor varieties, namely Alföldi 1, ES Föehn (Lidea Seeds) with a red pericarp, ES Albanus, Albita, and Farmsugro 180 (all white varieties), the study was conducted in sorghum-producing areas where the crop is non-native. Specifically, the study investigated two soil types: loam clay and sandy soil. Furthermore, the respective varieties were grown under N (27% N CAN) fertilizer conditions, involving 60 kg/ha−1 and 120 kg/ha−1 of the treatment rates applied at each experiment site. We measured the specific element concentration in each sample using the Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES) technology. Certainly, the results demonstrated that the different S. bicolor varieties had unique nutritional characteristics attributed to several factors such as soil type, variety, and treatment, which showed a significance value of (P < 0.05).The findings demonstrated that the treatments had distinct impacts as stimulators and inhibitors for certain elements. Specifically, the application of 120 kg/ha−1 negatively affected the levels of particular elements, such as Ca mg/kg−1, in loam clay and sandy soil. The statistical analysis of trace microelement variance did not show a significance value (P > 0.05) when considering the year factor, which supported the data analysis's reliability and accuracy.In summary, to enhance the nutritional value of sorghum grain and supply nutrient-rich food choices for individuals, consider factors such as fertilizer response, nutrient uptake by grain, element mineral accumulation, and advisory variety. Additional research could enhance the nutritional properties of sorghum to provide the required dietary stuff, such as grain processing, which can render sorghum a proper addition to a healthy and balanced human diet.

Fertility Responses to the COVID‐19 Pandemic: A Perspective of Reproductive Process

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic has potential large‐scale impacts on population dynamics. Yet, recent theories and empirical analyses fall short of fully articulating the extent and nature of the pandemic's influence on birth rates at the aggregate level. This study advances the comprehension of fertility dynamics amid the pandemic by focusing on the reproductive process. The effects of the pandemic on conceptions and pregnancy terminations may exhibit considerable variability, which, in turn, could dictate the observed patterns in birth rates during the pandemic. Employing the data from the Performance Monitoring Action survey in Burkina Faso and Kenya, which includes information on conceptions, pregnancy terminations, and births, the research dissects the nuances of fertility behavior in response to the pandemic. Findings indicate an uptick in conception rates around six months following the onset of the pandemic in Kenya, while pregnancy terminations did not significantly shift in either country. Further, the data reveal a pronounced increase in conception rates among disadvantaged groups, whereas a downturn in pregnancy terminations was noted predominantly in urban areas during the early phase of the pandemic. These findings underscore the importance of considering the reproductive process when studying fertility responses to catastrophic events.

Evaluating the response of Different Chemical and Organic Fertilizers on Carrot Vegetative and Reproductive Characteristics in Gothgaun, Nepal

This research aimed to assess the influence of various chemical and organic fertilizers on the vegetative and reproductive characteristics of the New Kuroda variety of carrots (Dacus Carota). The study included the recommended NPK dose (80:60:60 kg/ha), individual components of N (80 kg/ha), P (60 kg/ha), K (60 kg/ha), as well as organic sources such as goat manure (15 t/ha), FYM (20 t/ha), and a control group without any fertilizer. Measurements of growth and reproductive traits were taken at 45, 55, 65, 75, and 85 days post-sowing. Results indicated that the recommended NPK dose consistently outperformed other fertilizer sources in enhancing both vegetative and reproductive parameters. The highest yield of 10.94 tons/ha was achieved with NPK fertilizer, while organic sources like goat manure demonstrated the second-highest growth and development traits. The control group exhibited the lowest growth and development parameters. These results show that these fertiliser sources have a considerable favourable influence on the vegetative and reproductive development of the New Kuroda carrot variety. The outcomes indicate how various fertiliser sources may significantly improve the vegetative and reproductive development of the New Kuroda carrot; the recommended dosage of NPK in conjunction with the supply of goat manure fertilizer stands out as very appropriate techniques for producing carrots. This illustrates how applying a balanced dosage of these fertilisers may lead to increased carrot yield.

Field application of Ca-doped ZnO nanoparticles to maize and wheat plants

Nanoparticles play a vital role in modern agriculture to provide the nutrients required by plants. Herein, we report the preparation of calcium-doped zinc oxide nanoparticles (CZO NPs) via a simple and cost-effective co-precipitation method, with the aim of realizing increased fertilizer response. The synthesized nanoparticles were analyzed to study their physicochemical properties using various characterization techniques. The X-ray diffraction pattern showed a small shift in peak position towards higher values of 2θ and reduced crystal size after the zinc oxide (ZnO) matrix had been doped with Ca. Field-emission scanning electron microscopy images clearly revealed a grain-like surface morphology. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy study produced evidence of Zn2+ substitution by Ca2+ and enhanced Zn–O bond strengths in the CZO samples. Two major crops, maize (Zea mays L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) were selected to study the impact of the CZO NP-based nanofertilizer on plant growth. During the study, the effect of the CZO-based fertilizer on growth parameters such as seed germination, root and shoot length, plant height, root and stem width, number of leaves, and leaf size was studied based on comparisons with control plants. We observed significantly increased plant growth parameters after the application of the CZO NP-based fertilizers.

Analysis of Erect-Panicle Japonica Rice in Northern China: Yield, Quality Status, and Quality Improvement Directions.

China is the only country that extensively cultivates the indica and japonica rice varieties, with the largest japonica rice production area being in northeast China. A study of the relationship between the yield and quality of japonica rice and the effect of nitrogen fertilizer application on this relationship is important. In this paper, we aimed to assess the current yield and quality of japonica rice in northeast China. We selected erect-panicle varieties as the test materials. Field experiments were conducted using different nitrogen fertilizer levels for two consecutive years to analyze the rice varieties' yield, quality, interrelationship, and nitrogen fertilizer response. The average yield following high- and low-nitrogen treatments exceeded 10,000.00 kg/hm2, with a maximum of 12,285.63 kg/hm2. The high-yield-high-nitrogen treatment group had more panicles, a higher seed-setting rate, and a higher 1000-grain weight than the other groups. The high-yield-low-nitrogen group had a higher number of panicles and seed-setting rate than the other groups. The low-yield-high-nitrogen group had a lower number of whole grains, grain length-to-width ratio, and taste value than the other groups. The low-yield-low-nitrogen group had fewer primary branches than the other groups; excluding the primary branch-setting rate and 1000-grain weight, the values of the other panicle traits of the group were significantly higher than those of the other groups. The high-nitrogen-high-flavor group had lower panicle and spikelet numbers and higher spikelet fertility rates than the other groups. The low-nitrogen-high-flavor group had higher spikelet fertility rates and 1000-grain weight than the other groups. Compared to the other groups, the low-nitrogen-high-flavor group had a higher head rice yield, and the high-nitrogen-high-flavor group had a lower chalkiness rate. The main goal of the breeding and cultivation of high-yield and high-quality erect-panicle japonica rice in northern China is to achieve "dual high, dual low, and one high and one low" conditions, signifying a high yield with high or low nitrogen levels, low protein and amylose contents, high head rice rates, and low chalkiness. This study provides a new technique for enhancing the taste of northern erect-panicle japonica rice to promote the sustainable, high-yield, and high-quality development of japonica rice in northern China.

Effect of Micro Organic Fertilizer on Growth and Yield of Threatened Melientha suavis Pierre Species in Thai Nguyen Province, Vietnam

The experiment was conducted at Thai Nguyen province to evaluate the response of micro-organic fertilizer on growth of vegetative and yield of Melientha suavis Pierre species in the spring and summer season 2023. The experiment included four treatments was designed in Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. The characteristics include height of plant, diameter of trunk, leaf number, leaf size and yield were measured. The results indicated that applying the T3 treatment greatly in response enhancing height of plant, diameter of trunk, leaf number as well as leaf size compared to untreated control. Furthermore, application of the T3 treatment have the best results in yield of 380.0 kg/ha and 313.3 kg/ha in the spring and summer season, respectively. Therefore, the result could recommend applying micro-organic fertilizer can be practical tool for increasing growth of vegetative as well as yield in Melientha suavis pierre under field conditions.

Responses of Crop Yield, Soil Fertility, and Heavy Metals to Spent Mushroom Residues Application.

Waste mushroom residues are often returned to fields as organic amendments. Here, we estimated the effects of the continuous applications of different spent mushroom substrates for 2 years on crop yields, soil nutrients, and heavy metals in paddy fields. The study comprised seven treatments: no fertilization (CK) and mineral NPK fertilizer (CF), as well as NPK fertilizer combined with Enoki mushroom residue (EMR50), Oyster mushroom residue (OMR50), Auricularia polytricha mushroom residue (APR50), Shiitake mushroom residue (SMR50), and Agaricus bisporus residue (ABR50). The grain yield was highest under the APR50 treatment. The short-term application of waste mushroom residue significantly increased SOC, TN, TP, and TK content relative to the CK treatment. The SOC, TP, and TK were highest under ABR50. Both total Cr and Cd contents were highest under CF treatment. The highest cumulative ecological risk was observed under OMR50 treatment. In addition, crop yield was positively correlated with SOC, TN, TP, and TP. Our results highlight that further research and innovation are needed to optimize the benefits and overcome the challenges of mushroom residue application.

Effect of doses fertilizer and harvest interval on the intensity of leaf spot diseases, production and quality of citronella grass (Cymbopogon nardus L.) essential oils in ultisols soil

Until now, Indonesia is still a world exporter of essential oils, including citronella oil. So that the role of farming communities in the development of Indonesia's essential oil industry is very helpful. For this reason, a study was carried out on response of fertilization and harvest interval on the intensity of leaf spot diseases of citronella grass, and productivity in ultisols soil which was carried out from October 2020 to September 2022. The experiment was arranged in a randomized block design in factorial with 9 treatments, as the first factor is 3 levels of an organic fertilizer (NPK); P1 = 25 g clumps −1, P2 = 37.5 g clumps −1 and P3 = 50 g clumps −1. The second factor is the harvest interval with three levels which is 4 = harvest interval once every 4 months, 3 = harvest interval every 3 months and 2 = harvest interval once every 2 months, repeated three times. Each treatment plot consisted of 24 clumps with a plant spacing of 1 × 1 × 1 m. Varieties used is Serai wangi 1. Parameters observed were intensity of leaf spot diseases, vegetative growth, livestock production, oil production, quality analysis and R/C ratio. The results showed that there was an effect of fertilizer doses and harvest intervals on the development of leaf spot disease. It was seen that at the application of fertilizer doses of 37.5 g clumps −1 with harvest intervals once every three months showed the lowest disease attacks, namely on Cuvularia sp and Pestalotia sp (5.98%, 5.42% and 7.98 %, 7.44 %). In addition, the development of vegetative growth is also influenced by the application of fertilizer doses and harvest intervals on the parameters of canopy width, plant height, leaf length, leaf width and number of tillers. The best fertilizer dose is 37.50 g clump −1 successively (175.40 cm, 172.29 cm, 113.62 cm, 2.36 cm and 119.59 stems), with harvest intervals every 3 months (179.40 cm, 187.29 cm, 119.44 cm, 2.45 cm and 120.00 stems), as well as fresh leaves production tons/ha/year and oil production kg/ha/year the best is the application of fertilizer doses of 37.50 g clumps−1 with harvest intervals once every 3 months (67.81 tons−ha-year and 578.61 kg−ha- year,with, 67.40 tons–ha-th and 517.60 kg–ha-th). For oil quality, numerically, the application of fertilizer at a dose of 37.50 g of clump −1 with harvest intervals every 3 months is still high. The proper R/C ratio for farming occurs in the 2 nd year by administering a fertilizer dose of 37.50 g clump−1 and harvesting intervals once every 3 months with an increase of 116.67%. So, the citronella grass variety Serai wangi 1 can be developed on ultisol soil types by applying an organic fertilizer (NPK).

Oestrus induction and fertility response in post-partum anoestrus dairy cows treated with homeopathic medicine

The study was carried out to evaluate the effect of two homeopathic medicines to induce oestrus in 36 postpartum anoestrus crossbred Jersey dairy cows. Group 1 cows were fed a mineral mixture, and group 2 and 3 were medicated with Pulsatilla and Sepia drenched at the dose rate of 20 mL twice daily for 8 days, respectively. The mean plasma progesterone level (ng/mL) estimated using a radio immunoassay kit was significantly higher in group 2, followed by group 3 before and after medication on day 28 and 60, post artificial insemination (AI). Out of 12 induced for oestrus, 10 cows (83.33 %) and 9 cows (75.0 %) in group 2 and 3 were confirmed pregnant by rectal palpation on day 60 post AI, respectively. Both the homeopathic medicines showed 100% oestrus induction with a mean interval of 25.17 to 25.50 days, and Pulsatilla medicated cows showed improved fertility response than Sepia. The significantly higher level of progesterone after the withdrawal of homeopathic medication might be due to the release of circulating hormone, which blocks estradiol negative feedback. The subsequent increase reduces uterine PGF2 alpha secretion for a better conception rate.

Prediction of post-harvest soil nutrient status through multiple linear regression for targeted yield of hybrid maize

A field experiment was conducted during 2017–18 at Crop Research Centre (CRC), Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, to develop post-harvest soil test values (PHSTVs) and response type of fertilizers with the help of fertilizer prescription equations for achieving targeted yield of hybrid maize following STCR principle. In the present study, the response of hybrid maize to selected four levels of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) and three levels of farm yard manure (FYM) at graded fertility levels was studied. Nutrient requirements (NR) of maize were recorded as 22, 5 and 27 kg/tonnes for N, P, and K, respectively. The contribution of NPK nutrients was observed; from fertilizer (%CF) at 58.2, 62.7, and 420.4%, from soil (%CS) at 33.1, 26.8, and 22.7%, from FYM (% C FYM) at 45.2, 14.4 and 39.4% and from fertilizer with FYM (% IPNM) as 62.4, 63.5 and 427.6%, respectively. Integration of N, P, and K fertilizers with FYM (10 t/ha) resulted in fertilizer savings of 31.2%, 18%, and 16% over NPK alone for a target yield of 4500 kg/ha on soil test values of 150, 35 and 200 kg/ha of KMnO4 -N, Olsen-P and NH4 OAc-K, respectively. The fertilizer response type for phosphorus was “+ - - “. The response of hybrid maize to NPK fertilizers was higher when integrated with FYM as compared to NPK alone. The prediction equations for PHSTVs help in predicting soil test values (STVs) which may save the cost of testing.

Inoculant and fertilizer effects on lentil in the US northern Great Plains

AbstractLentil (Lens culinaris Medikus) is an important crop, averaging over 250,000 ha in Montana and North Dakota during 2016–2021. However, relatively little is known about rhizobial inoculant and fertility response in lentil in the US northern Great Plains. The objective was to evaluate the effect of rhizobial inoculant formulations (seed coat and in‐furrow) and nutrient additions (potassium [K], sulfur [S], and micronutrients) on lentil yield and seed protein concentration. This study was conducted at seven university research centers in Montana and North Dakota from 2019 to 2021, resulting in 20 location‐years of data. In six of 20 experiments, inoculant application increased seed yield by an average of 36% (323 kg ha−1, p ≤ 0.05) but had no consistent effect on seed protein concentration. Lentil or pea crop history among locations did not explain inoculant response. Inoculant formulations (seed coat vs. in‐furrow) and K fertilizer had inconsistent and small effects on seed yield and protein concentration. However, S fertilizer (5.6 kg S ha−1) increased seed yield in four of 20 experiments (p ≤ 0.02) by an average of 14.5% (255 kg ha−1) in those experiments and decreased seed yield for one experiment (p = 0.05) by 5.8% (153 kg ha−1). Pre‐plant SO4‐S soil test levels did not predict lentil response to S fertilizer. Micronutrient application was assessed in 12 location‐years but had no effect on lentil yield or protein concentration. This research suggests a need to better understand what factors control lentil yield and protein response to rhizobial inoculant and S fertilization.

Implicancias del manejo de una pastura cultivada en secano y la respuesta al abonamiento

The nutrient use in forages livestock system production high Andean is little used. This study evaluated the response of fertilization on the association of cultivated grasses in dry of Dactilys (Dactylis glomerata var. Potomac) and red clover (Trifolium pratense var quiñequeli). The study area was located at 4350 m of altitude in to the Puna ecoregion in Ayaracra sector, Pasco region of Peru. The experimental design was randomized complete block with factorial 2x3x2; with two levels of nitrogen (0 to 50 kg/ha), three levels of phosphorus (0, 80 to 160 kg/ha) and two levels of potassium (0 to 30 kg/ha). Was evaluated were floristic composition, growth rate and pasture production. The results indicate that fertilization nitrogen (50 kg/ha) and phosphorus (80 kg/ha) showed effect a significant the growth rate and forage production. There was not an effect potassium fertilization on the variables evaluated. The analysis of the interactions indicates that the combination of N 50, P 80 and K 0 showed gave better results in forage production than the other treatments.

Response of NPSB Blended Fertilizer and Varieties Onyield and Yield Components of Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) at Gimbi District, Western Oromia, Ethiopia

Response of NPSB Blended Fertilizer and Varieties Onyield and Yield Components of Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) at Gimbi District, Western Oromia, Ethiopia