Sex Of Respondent Research Articles

Associations between community well-being and hospitalisation rates: results from a cross-sectional study within six US states

ObjectiveTo evaluate the association between community well-being, a positively framed, multidimensional assessment of the health and quality of life of a geographic community, and hospitalisation rates.DesignCross-sectional studySettingZip codes within six...

Human Resource Factors and Organizational Commitment at the College of Distance Education, University of Cape Coast

The study examined human resource factors and organisational commitment at the College of Distance Education, University of Cape Coast, Ghana. The research approach was quantitative, specifically using a descriptive study design. Out of 242 staff of the College, a sample of 148 respondents (comprising 18 senior members, 80 senior staff and 50 junior staff) were drawn across the three spectrums of staff using Krejcie and Morgan (1970) sample determination formula. The main instrument for data collection was a self- administered questionnaire. Data of the study was analysed with means, standard deviations, independent t-test, two-way analysis of variance and Spearman rank-order correlations matrix. The study found that commitment level among staff at the college (CoDE) was high and affective commitment was perceived higher than normative and continuance dimensions of organisational commitment. Work relations were perceived as higher than extrinsic rewards and training and development. It was also found that training and orientation significantly relate to organisational commitment. Sex and age of respondents did not affect organisational commitment and other variables of the study. It was recommended that management of the college should continue to pay more attention to work relations at the college by engaging staff of the college in inter-unit or interdepartmental assignments to enable staff to build more work relations and used both on-the-job and off-the-job training techniques to maintain or increase commitment level among staff of the college.

Overview of Motivation for Elderly Services for Control and Satisfaction in Polyclinic RSST Klaten

<em>Background: Elderly during the examination were hoping to get good health care. Elderly will be motivated to check when he is satisfied with the services provided by health workers in hospitals. The purpose of this study was to Study the picture of the elderly to check the level of motivation and satisfaction in the service of RSST Klaten Policlinic. The design used in this study is Despriptif. The population is all the elderly who checked up in RSST Klaten. Samples are 96 respondents and taken with consecutive sampling technique. The variable in this study was to examine elderly motivation and service satisfaction. Data were collected with a structured interview, then processed based on the frequency distribution. Methods: The design of this study is descriptive. This study was conducted On September 1 - 30, 2019. Variable in this research is Elderly Motivation For Control and Service Satisfaction. In this research The population is all elderly ones Control at RSST Klaten Polyclinic Based on data from Medical Record Hospital SOERADJI TIRTONEGORO during the month August 2019 number of elderly patients who Control at RSST Klaten Polyclinic As many as 598 patients. Result The results of the study of 96 The respondent got none Respondents who have a level Less motivation, motivation level Quite as much as 2 respondents (2%) And high level of motivation as much 94 respondents (98%). Conclusions : Level of elderly motivation for Control at Polyclinic RSST Klaten majority is high As many as 94 respondents (98%). This matter Caused by age, type Sex and education of respondents and Satisfaction of the ministry Received patients at Polyclinic RSST Klaten.</em>

HUBUNGAN KEPERCAYAAN KESEHATAN DENGAN KEPATUHAN MINUM OBAT PADA PENDERITA DIABETES MELLITUS TIPE 2

Diabetes mellitus in Klaten have increased, especially in Karangnongko health center in 2016 there were 15 (0.002%) patients and in 2017 there were 538 (0.05%). This study aimed to determine relationship of health beliefs with medication adherence in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in the Karangnongko health center. This research used descriptive analytic design with cross sectional approach. Sample this study was 44 respondents, obtained by purposive sampling technique. The instruments of data collection used questionnaires. The results of the Pearson correlation analysis concluded average age of respondents was 53 years, the youngest age was 40 years and the oldest was 63 years, the sex of female respondents (75.0%), education level of elementary school (50.0%), not working (56.8%), duration of diabetes mellitus <5 years (75.0%), fasting blood sugar> 126 mg / dl (88.6%), other perceived health problems (61.4%), drugs consumed biguanide (79.5 %). Health belief in this study at least 65, a maximum of 141 and an average of 112.66 ± 21,824. Medication adherence at least 3, a maximum of 8 and an average of 6.34 ± 1,413. Pearson correlation test results was a relationship of health belief with medication adherence (p = 0,000). Relation of health belief with medication compliance showed a moderate positive correlation with correlation coefficient value or r =0.489 which means the greater the confidence of health hence the higher compliance of drug in diabetes mellitus type 2 at Karangnongko Health Center. Health belief have a relationship with the adherence of taking drugs diabetes mellitus type 2 at Karangnongko Health Center.

Do Press Releases About Digital Game Research Influence Presumed Effects? How Details About Methodology and References to Societal Violence Affect the Anticipated Influence of Violent Video Games

Politicians, interest groups, and scholars often mention violent video games as a possible cause of societal violence. Press releases have the possibility to inform the public about how aggression is measured in academic research on violent video games, but they also have the potential to sensationalize the topic when comparisons to societal violence are made. The influence of these two factors (measurement details; violence framing) was tested with an online experiment (N = 505) using a 2 (violence framing: present vs. absent) x 2 (measurement details: present vs. absent) between-subjects design. Respondent sex had the strongest influence on the expected effects of violent video games, while features of the press release had relatively less effect that were also contingent on respondent sex.

Correlates of Obstetric Risk Perception and Recognition of Danger Signs in Kano, Northern Nigeria.

Background:Risk perception and recognition of danger signs are important cues for accessing obstetric care. These measures are not well documented in many resource-limited settings, including northern Nigeria, a region with poor maternal health indices.Objective:To assess community level obstetric risk perception, danger sign recognition and their predictors in Kano, northern Nigeria.Method:This is a community-based cross-sectional study. Participants were surveyed using structured, pretested questionnaires. Knowledge of obstetric risk factors and danger sign recognition were analyzed, and their predictors modeled using logistic regression to generate adjusted odds ratios (AORs).Results:The obstetric risk factors identified by the 400 respondents included: maternal age (64.3%), history of abortion (37.0%), postpartum haemorrhage (36.0%), previous operative delivery (31.8%), and high parity (31.3%). The most frequently recognised danger signs during pregnancy were: vaginal bleeding (76.8%), seizures (44.5%), and severe abdominal pain (34.8%). Common intrapartum danger signs recognised included: severe bleeding (77.8%), seizures (55.5%), and loss of consciousness (38.3%). Severe bleeding (80.5%), seizures (42.0%), and high fever (28.5%) were the top three danger signs identified in the postpartum period. At multivariate level, respondent sex (female vs. male) (aOR = 3.10, 95% CI = 1.67–5.74), ethnicity (Yoruba vs. Hausa) (aOR = 7.53, 95% CI = 2.51–22.6), occupation (employed vs. unemployed) (aOR = 4.07, 95% CI = 1.87–8.84) and parity (≥5 versus 0) (aOR = 0.23, 95% CI = 0.06–0.92) predicted good obstetric risk perception. Participants’ ethnicity (Yoruba vs. Hausa) (aOR = 4.40, 95% CI = 1.10–19.2) and obstetric risk perception (good vs. poor) (aOR = 12.0, 95% CI = 6.8–21.2) predicted danger sign recognition.Conclusion:The perception of obstetric risk and recognition of danger signs were influenced by participant sex, parity, employment status, and ethnicity. Targeted communication strategies and community-based education are essential to enhance effective utilisation of emergency obstetric services.

Healthcare provider perceptions of disparities in perioperative care

IntroductionMany strategies to alleviate racial/ethnic disparities in surgical care target healthcare providers. Yet limited data exists about the perception of disparities among the range of clinical staff who work in perioperative settings. Such information could help initiate conversations about disparities in perioperative care and, if necessary, implement interventions to alleviate them. Our aim was to evaluate the association between sociodemographic characteristics, clinical position (physicians and non-physicians) and perception of perioperative disparities at a large tertiary care center. MethodsWe surveyed perioperative staff at the institution using an anonymous online survey. Primary outcome was respondents' perception of disparities in perioperative care at the institution due to patients' insurance status/type, ability to speak English, education, and racial/ethnic minority status. The association between clinical position (physician vs. non-physician) and perception of disparities was assessed in bivariate and then multivariable analysis, adjusting for respondents' race, sex, age, and years at the institution. Secondary outcomes included perception of disparities in perioperative care in the United States due to patients’ insurance status/type, ability to speak English, education, and racial/ethnic minority status. Results217 completed questions that could be analyzed. Among these responders, 101 were physicians (46.5%), 165 (76.0%) were white, and 144 (66.4.%) were female. Bivariate and multivariate analysis revealed that physicians had higher perception of disparities in perioperative care at the institution based on patients’ ability to speak English, education, and racial/ethnic minority status. Physicians also had higher perceptions of disparities in perioperative care in the United States than non-physicians. ConclusionsPhysicians reported higher perceptions of disparities in perioperative care than non-physicians, potentially explained by differences in training or contact with patients. Such findings serve as a first step at examining and discussing disparities in perioperative care and warrant further study.

The relationship between clients' preferences of therapists' sex and mental health support seeking: An exploratory study

ObjectiveIn Australia, the number of female psychologists is significantly larger than that of male psychologists. Due to gaps in the literature, it is difficult to establish whether such discrepancies affect mental health support seeking. The present study investigated the preferences of Australian respondents for the sex of a potential therapist and whether the accommodation of such preferences affects mental health support seeking.MethodThe study employed a mixed design online survey analysed using multiple linear and multinomial logistic regressions and used a convenience sample of N = 456 Australian participants recruited via social media. Demographics, preferences for therapists' sex, problem type, and likelihood to seek help if preferences for therapists' sex were accommodated or not were collected via an online questionnaire. Analyses included tests for group differences and regressions.ResultsMale respondents reported lower baseline likelihood to seek mental health support than female respondents. A main effect of sex of respondent on preferences for therapists' sex was found, but no main effect of problem type on preferences for therapists' sex was evident. Finally, accommodating preferences for therapists' sex was a significant predictor of mental health support seeking.ConclusionIt is prudent to encourage the monitoring and accommodation of clients' preferences of therapists' sex. Additionally, more males could be encouraged to enter the mental health professions. The results of the current study may inform education and health policy. Future research could further explore the effects of occupation and problem type on preferences for therapists' sex and help‐seeking.

Measuring young adolescent perceptions of relationships: A vignette-based approach to exploring gender equality.

This paper reports the development and baseline data of a vignettes-based measure of gender equality. Methods: Vignettes were developed through 3-day long focus groups. After piloting in 13 sites and repiloting a revised version in 6 countries, responses were categorized by the construct tapped and a scoring system developed. Finalized vignettes were then tested in DR Congo, Ecuador and China. Results: Young adolescents can successfully respond to vignettes; and can differentiate self from hypothetical protagonists of same and opposite sex. Response differences by sex of respondent and protagonist were statistically significant across a range of scenarios and settings. Conclusion: This is the first vignettes-based measure for young adolescents assessing young adolescent perceptions of relationships differentiated by sex of the protagonist.

SOCIAL SUPPORT AND DECLARED AGGRESSIVE BEHAVIOUR AMONG YOUNG PEOPLE

Aggression is a behaviour seeking to defuse anger or displeasure on people or things. It is an offensive, enemy, and aggressive attitude toward someone. The purpose of the study is to analyse the relationship between perceived social support and aggressive behaviour of students of secondary schools. Field (quantitative) research was conducted among students of third and fourth grades of secondary schools.To collect the data the following research tools were used: Aggression Questionnaire by A. Buss and M. Perry (Amity version), Interpersonal Social Support Scale (Scale ISEL College 48 Version), Author’s questionnaire. The study showed statistically significant correlation for belonging to clusters and sex of respondents, their place of residence and membership in organized social groups. High social support affects low aggressiveness of youth in all subscales: (A- anger, PA- physical aggression, VA- verbal aggression, H - hostility)The highest aggressiveness in the form of A- anger, PA- physical aggression and VA - verbal aggression - is characteristic of people with an average level of social support. The highest-H hostility is characteristic of responders with the lowest social support.

An Assessment of Public Perception of Police Response to Crime and Criminality in Anambra State of Nigeria

Security of life and property in Nigeria is seriously deteriorating. The members of the public live in fear and have become increasingly uncertain about their safety and security. In recent years, there has been an upsurge in armed robbery, kidnapping, armed militancy, among others, with the police always ‘talking tough’ but doing little or nothing. This paper focused on the perception of the public on police response to crime cases in Anambra state of Nigeria. Cross sectional survey research design was adopted for the study. Simple random sampling technique was used to select four communities in the state. Purposive sampling technique was also used to select 624 respondents aged 18 years and above while structured questionnaire became the instrument for data collection. Descriptive statistics was employed for data analysis. Findings from the study show that educational attainment of respondents affected their rating of police effort in crime control (p=0.018); place of residence (urban/rural) affected people’s perception on the promptness of the police to emergency cases (p=0.000). Further, sex of respondents was found not to be statistically significant with their perception on police-public partnership in crime control in Anambra state. The study therefore recommends formulation and implementation of policies to restructure and reposition the police force to respond adequately to crime. Keywords: Perception, Public, Crime, Crime control/prevention, Police DOI : 10.7176/DCS/9-3-10 Publication date :March 31 st 2019

Effects of integrated use of grass strip and soil bund on soil properties, Southern Ethiopia

Soil degradation is the major environmental and agricultural production problem in the highlands of Ethiopia. The objectives of the study were to examine farmers’ use of grass strip and soil bund to minimize soil degradation, and effects of grass strip and soil bund on basic soil properties. Structured questionnaire survey and field observations were conducted to collect data on farmers’ use of grass strips and soil bund to minimize soil erosion, improve soil fertility and crop productivity. Simultaneously, composite soil samples were collected from croplands treated with both grass strip and soil bund, and the adjacent lands treated with soil bund only. The statistical result indicates respondents sex, marital status, educational level, erosion degree, access to conservation information, contact with extension workers, and trainings were significantly (P < 0.05) and positively affect the use of grass strips while livestock and land holding sizes were significantly (P < 0.05) and negatively affect farmers use of grass strip. The interaction of land management practices (grass strip and soil bund) and slope positions was significantly (P < 0.05) affects soil clay fractions and moisture, the highest amounts was observed at lands managed with grass strip situate at lower slope position. Similarly, soil organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, and cation exchange capacity were significantly (P < 0.05) influenced by the combined effects of land management practices and slope positions, highest quantity of these properties were observed lands managed with a grass strip and soil bund in lower slope position. Hence, integrated use of soil bund with grass strip has a meaningful contribution for selected soil property improvement that enhances soil fertility and crop productivity.

Patohistološke karakteristike steatohepatitisa dobijene metodom iglene biopsije na uzorku od 100 pacijenata

Introduction: Steatohepatitis is a form of fatty liver disease, in which there is a deposit of fat and steatosis which occurs in two forms: alcoholic and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. When there is simultaneous inflammation, it is defined as steatohepatitis, which can be divided into alcoholic steatohepatitis and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Alcoholic and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis show identical morphological features characterized by steatosis, hepatocellular changes with ballooning degeneration of hepatocytes, the presence of Mallory-Denk hyaline, apoptosis, necrosis, subsequent inflammation of the liver parenchyma and fibrosis. Aim: The aim of this paper is to record all pathohistological changes in puncture biopsy patterns of the liver of patients with steatohepatitis, grading these changes and determining their correlation with the age and sex of patients, as well as the correlation of the most important pathohistological changes. Material and methods: Retrospective research included core needle biopsy from the right lobe of the liver, in patients with pathohistological diagnosis of steatohepatitis. For statistical data processing Spearman's and Chi-squared test in the SPSS program were used, and p < 0.05 was used as the minimum statistically significant value. Results: Our research included 100 respondents from alcoholic and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, 62% males and 38% females. Necroinflammatory activity was significantly greater in respondents with greater volume of steatosis. There is also a positive correlation between the degree of necroinflammatory activity and the degree of fibrosis. Higher necroinflammatory activity is associated with a higher degree of fibrosis. Conclusion: In our research, most of the respondents had steatohepatitis of minimal activity and without fibrosis or with light fibrosis. Respondents with a higher volume of steatosis had higher necroinflammatory activity in the liver. Respondents with steatohepatitis and greater necroinflammatory activity also had a higher stage of the disease (a higher degree of fibrosis). The age and sex of respondents were not correlated with the degree of fibrosis.

Contribution of Nontimber Forest Products to Rural Household Income in the Kassena-Nankana West District of Ghana

Abstract The contribution of income from nontimber forest products (NTFPs) to rural livelihoods and household income has received global recognition. However, there are growing concerns of overexploitation of NTFPs driven by poverty and policy neglect that threaten the sustainability of the NTFP resource base in Kassena-Nankana West District (KNWD) of Ghana. The study investigated the contribution of income from NTFPs to household income and socioeconomic factors that influence the collection and marketing of NTFPs in KNWD. Using a multistage sampling technique, quantitative data were collected from 375 households through structured survey questionnaires. Qualitative data were gathered through focus group discussions, key informant interviews, and field observations. Results showed that income from NTFPs forms a significant part of household income with a contribution of 32.69 percent to household income. Regression analysis revealed sex of respondent (P = 0.057), household size (P = 0.046), agricultural land size (P = 0.000), NTFP retailers (P = 0.000), NTFP wholesalers (P = 0.000), and value-added NTFPs (P = 0.000) as significantly and positively correlated with income from NTFPs. Results further indicated that poor households depend primarily on NTFPs in order to achieve their subsistence and income needs compared to high-income households. This research recommends that stakeholders and policymakers consider the needs of forest-dependent communities in policy analysis on NTFP conservation measures. Also, the role of households, especially the low income (poor), in the management of forest resources should be spelled out since they depend primarily on NTFPs to meet their subsistence and income needs.

Migration processes and the underlying reasons: A study on pensioner migrants in Poland

AbstractAlthough population ageing is progressing, seniors migrate with increasing frequency. This paper explores the question why Polish pensioners decide to migrate, as existing research has not provided satisfactory explanations. Reasons for migrations were determined on the basis of pensioners' answers to a questionnaire survey. The results show that migration decisions are taken for a number of reasons, which depend, inter alia, on the respondents' education level, age, and sex. For women as well as for men, the economic aspect plays a crucial role (e.g., building or buying a new house). Ward's method was employed to distinguish five main migration types according to the main motivating factor; that is, family and finance, family, environmental, economic, and health. An analysis of internal as well as external migrations of Polish seniors shows that they differ considerably from migrations of seniors in other countries. Due to their unsatisfactory finances as well as deficits in knowledge of foreign languages, Polish pensioners, unlike their peers in other countries, rarely decide to settle down abroad. The Polish model of multigenerational family in which seniors assist their children in raising their grandchildren also contributes to lower emigration.

Correlates of physical activity parenting: The Skilled Kids study.

We examined the relationship between physical activity parenting (PAP) and child, family, and environmental factors in families. The participants were 840 families with young children (n=993; 5.40±1.14years) and parents (n=993; 35.8±5.29years). Parents' self-reported PAP (co-participation, (in)direct support, and encouragement), child-specific (sex, age, temperament, outdoor time, organized physical activity or sports, sedentary time, media time, PA enjoyment, motor skills compared to peers, PA, and sport facility use), family-specific (respondent's sex, age, education, exercise frequency, family income, family status, number of children in the family, child's birth order and partner's PAP, and exercise frequency), and environment-specific (residential density, access to sport and outdoor facilities, type of house, and access to electronic devices) factors were collected. Children's motor skills and anthropometrics were measured. After adjusting for the family cluster effect, child, family, and environmental factors were entered into a linear mixed-effects model, with PAP as the response variable. The final model consisted of statistically significant factors, and parental education, which was forced into the model. Nine child- and family-related factors explained 15% of parenting variance between the children and 52% between the families. Partner's PAP (B=0.68, P<0.001) had the strongest association, whereas the child's temperament (B=0.08, P<0.001) and birth order (B=-0.10, P<0.001) had smaller but novel associations with the respondent's PAP. Partner's PAP and a range of child- and family-related factors should be considered when promoting parental support for child PA.

Associations between Childhood Weight Status and Timing of First Sex in an Ethnically Diverse Sample.

Most research linking weight status and timing of first sexual intercourse is cross-sectional in design, with few longitudinal analyses published to date. We examined associations between childhood weight status and subsequent onset of first sexual intercourse within a survival analytic framework, testing for differences among Hispanic, black, and white females and males. Data were drawn from 6379 child respondents of the 1979 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth aged 13 and older at last assessment. Cox proportional hazards regression models were estimated predicting age at first sexual intercourse from weight status during childhood without and with adjustment for correlated risk factors. Analyses were conducted separately by sex and race/ethnicity, with interactions among weight status, respondent sex, and race/ethnicity modeled in subsidiary analyses. Overweight status predicted earlier sexual intercourse among Hispanic females, whereas obese status predicted delayed sexual intercourse among white males, both relative to peers of the same race/ethnicity with healthy weight. Underweight status predicted delayed sexual intercourse among Hispanic males relative to peers with healthy weight. Significant differences by sex and race/ethnicity were observed in tests of interactions. Findings document associations between childhood weight status and subsequent onset of first sexual intercourse, especially among Hispanic females and males and white males. Together, results highlight respondent sex and race/ethnicity as potential moderators and also unique risk for Hispanic females who were overweight as children, and who may benefit from early screening and education to delay sexual initiation to reduce risk of early unplanned pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections.

Traditional and regional food as seen by consumers – research results: the case of Poland

Purpose This paper seeks to describe the perceptions and motives for acquiring traditional and regional products by Polish consumers. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the state of regional and traditional food production in Poland and identify the prospects of its development. Design/methodology/approach Both secondary and primary data were used. The sample size included 1,067 respondents selected based on their place of residence and sex. The five-point Likert scale was used to measure the participant attitudes following the construction and validation procedure. Cronbach’s α test was used to evaluate the reliability of the measuring scale, estimated at 0.85, indicating the accuracy of the scales used. Statistica 13 – including t-test, ANOVA and regression analysis – was a software program used to carry out statistical analysis. Prior to the analysis, multivariate normality was examined by testing each variable for normal distribution. Findings The research showed the existence of a statistical relationship between the sex of respondents and the suggested traditional food consumption patterns such as organoleptic qualities, high quality, and finally, curiosity and trying new foods. Sex did not statistically influence the responses for the remaining factors. Originality/value The increased interest in traditional and regional food products is a manifestation of new food-related tendencies and is implied by the desire to exhibit behaviors and values resulting from cultural heritage. Polish consumers are becoming wealthier, better educated, more aware of both tangible and intangible product attributes, and they are having more opportunities to expose their social preferences when shopping. The importance of food attributes such as traditional and regional food certificates, source of origin or the image of the producer (e.g. respecting ethical behavior) is growing. This research is significant not only because of its theoretical input, but its applied value as well.

680 Jealousy in heterosexual and homosexual individuals

Some of the previous studies have shown gender differences in the perception of jealousy; men generally demonstrate higher response to sexual infidelity (SI), whereas women to emotional infidelity (EI). Studies on jealousy between homosexual partners showed, that gay men tend to be more sensitive to EI, whereas lesbians expressed more concerns regarding SI. These studies suggest that the type of jealousy might depend on the sex of respondent's partner and on the sexual orientation. The aim of this study was to explore the experience of jealousy in heterosexuals and homosexuals using an online survey, and to examine whether sexual/emotional jealousy differs depending on a respondent's partner's sex. The study involved 286 participants, 137 men (mean age 27.8, SD = 5.88) and 149 women (mean age 25.07, SD = 5.32), who were in a relationship. All respondents completed a set of anonymous questionnaires about partner's jealousy (PJ) (Anticipated Sexual Jealousy Scale; Scale for Three Types of jealousy). To compare the differences in the type and extent of PJ between heterosexuals and homosexuals we performed one-way ANOVA and Fisher test.

Women Politicians, Institutions, and Perceptions of Corruption

Why do people assume female politicians are less likely than men to engage in the illegal use of public positions for private gain? We argue that voters may perceive women as marginalized within political institutions, or as more risk averse and consequently more constrained by institutional oversight, which could lead to perceptions of women as less likely to engage in corruption. Using an original survey experiment, we test these mechanisms against conventional wisdom that women are seen as more honest. We find strong support for the risk aversion explanation, as well as heterogeneous effects by respondent sex for both the marginalization and honesty mechanisms. These findings suggest that the institutional contexts in which women are operating can help explain why people perceive them as less likely to engage in corruption. Identifying these mechanisms is critical to understanding the role of women in politics and for improving trust in government.