Respondent Fatigue Research Articles

Development and Validation of a Shortened Severity Measurement Tool for Tinnitus.

There is a need to develop and validate a brief questionnaire to measure tinnitus severity that can meet the needs of clinicians and researchers. The objective of this study is to demonstrate the validity and reliability of the 9-item Tinnitus Severity Short Form (TS-SF). A cohort study of online survey respondents recruited in October 2020 from the American Tinnitus Association electronic mailing list with a 2-week follow-up time interval. Online. Face and content validity, factor analysis, internal consistency, convergent validity, reliability, and minimal clinically important difference (MCID) were analyzed. Of 1121 participants that started the survey, 325 (29%) completed the baseline TS-SF. Through confirmatory factor analysis, the 9-item survey demonstrated a bifactor model with a substantive distress factor and a method factor. The instrument had high internal consistency with Cronbach's α of .96. Convergent validity determined the TS-SF score to be a predictor of tinnitus severity. Of 261 follow-up respondents, the test-retest reliability of r = 0.69 (95% confidence interval, 0.62-0.75) was determined. The MCID was determined using a distribution approach to be a 12-point change. The TS-SF demonstrates good internal consistency, validity, and reliability. This patient-reported outcome measure for tinnitus can be used in tinnitus treatment trials and clinical practice. The 9-item survey is less likely to result in respondent survey fatigue than longer surveys, and the 2-week reference interval allows for monitoring of tinnitus severity change in an appropriate timeframe.

Psychometric Properties of Measuring Antiretroviral Therapy Adherence Among Young Latino Sexual Minority Men With HIV: Ecological Momentary Assessment and Electronic Pill Dispenser Study

Abstract Background Increasing HIV rates among young Latino sexual minority men (YLSMM) warrant innovative and rigorous studies to assess prevention and treatment strategies. Ecological momentary assessments (EMAs) and electronic pill dispensers (EPDs) have been used to measure antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence repeatedly in real time and in participants’ natural environments, but their psychometric properties among YLSMM are unknown. Objective The study’s objective was to assess the concurrent validity, acceptability, compliance, and behavioral reactivity of EMAs and EPDs among YLSMM with HIV. Methods A convenience sample of 56 YLSMM with HIV with suboptimal ART adherence, aged 18‐34 years, was recruited into a 28-consecutive-day EMA study. Concurrent validity was analyzed by comparing median ART adherence rates and calculating Spearman correlations between ART adherence measured by EMA, EPD, and baseline retrospective validated 3-item and single-item measures. Acceptability was assessed in exit interviews asking participants to rate EMA and EPD burden. Compliance was assessed by computing the percent lost to follow-up, the percent of EMAs missed, and the percentage of days the EPD was not opened that had corresponding EMA data self-reporting adherence to ARTs. Behavioral reactivity was assessed by computing the median change in ART adherence during the study period, using generalized mixed models to assess whether the cumulative number of EMAs completed and days of EPD use predicted ART adherence over time, and by asking participants to rate perceived reactivity using a Likert scale. Results EMA ART adherence was significantly correlated with baseline validated 3-item (r=0.41, P=.003) and single-item (r=0.52, P<.001) measures, but correlations were only significant for participants that reported EMA was not burdensome. Correlations for EPD ART adherence were weaker but significant (r=0.36, P=.009; r=0.34, P=.01, respectively). Acceptability was high for EMAs (48/54, 89%) and EPDs (52/54, 96%) per self-report. Loss to follow-up was 4% (2/56), with the remaining participants completing 88.6% (1339/1512) of study-prompted EMAs. The percentage of missed EMA surveys increased from 5.8% (22/378) in week 1 of the study to 16.7% (63/378) in week 4. Of 260 days when EPDs were not opened, 68.8% (179) had a corresponding EMA survey self-reporting ART adherence. Reactivity inferred from the median change in ART adherence over time was 8.8% for EMAs and −0.8% for EPDs. Each completed EMA was associated with 1.03 odds (95% CI 1‐1.07) of EMA ART adherence over time, and each day of EPD use with 0.97 odds (95% CI 0.96‐0.99) of EPD ART adherence over time. Self-reported perceived behavioral reactivity was 39% for EMAs and 35% for EPDs. Conclusions This study provides evidence of concurrent validity with retrospective validated measures for EMA- and EPD-measured ART adherence among YLSMM, when participant burden is carefully considered, without significant behavioral reactivity. While acceptability and compliance of EMAs and EPDs were high overall, noncompliance increased over time, suggesting respondent fatigue.

MITIGATING RESPONDENT FATIGUE IN SELF-ASSESSMENT: CEFR-BASED ITEMS FOR MALAYSIAN UNDERGRADUATES

Background and Purpose: The Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR) is an internationally recognised instrument for describing language skills. It describes language proficiency on a six-level scale, ranging from A1 for beginners to C2 for those who have already mastered a language. The roadmap in the Malaysian Education Plan 2013-2025 sets B2 as the target for Malaysian higher education graduates as this is the level at which they can expect to get a job and function adequately in English, while graduates of English language degree programmes are expected to reach C1 when they graduate. The aim of this study is to test and verify whether it is appropriate to use only the items from B2, C1 and C2 to measure the language proficiency of Malaysian students to avoid respondent fatigue in answering the questionnaire. Methodology: A proportionate stratified random sampling method was used and four strata were defined: Strata I and II were male and female students in public institutions, Strata III and IV were male and female students in private institutions. The instrument used was a questionnaire containing demographic profiles and eight items from the CEFR Global Self-Assessment Grid. Exploratory factor analysis and reliability analysis were conducted using SPSS. Findings: The eigenvalue of 7.263 with factor loadings between 0.774 and 0.854 and the Cronbach’s alpha value for language ability of over 0.9 indicate excellent reliability of the selected items. The study found that Malaysian university students were good at understanding and discussing personal information, events, opinions and plans. However, they found it difficult to understand complex and longer texts, to use language flexibly in social and academic settings and to express themselves without constantly asking for feedback. As the current education system focuses too much on memorization, it does not contribute to the development of practical language skills. In order to improve, students should use the CEFR as a self-assessment tool. Contributions: The findings of the study contribute to the understanding of the optimization of the CEFR framework in Malaysian higher education by reducing respondent fatigue and improving the quality of self-assessment. The study provides empirical evidence of the effectiveness of using CEFR-based items at B2, C1 and C2 levels in reducing fatigue, improving the quality of self-assessment and informing language teaching and learning practices. The findings can assist educators and policy makers in developing more effective language teaching and assessment strategies that promote student learning outcomes and ultimately improve the language education of Malaysian students. Keywords: CEFR rubric, ESL, self-assessment, perceived language proficiency, answering fatigue. Cite as: Tg Nur Liyana, T. M. F., Wan Nazihah, W. M, & Mimi Mazlina, M. (2024). Assessing the self-perceived language proficiency of Malaysian ESL learners in higher education utilizing the Common European Framework of Reference (CEFR). Journal of Nusantara Studies, 9(2), 474-489. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jonus.vol9iss2pp474-489

P097 Launching the Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis VIP Research Panel - an innovative and unique way to engage with the Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis community

Abstract Background/Aims The volume of survey-based research targeting families affected by Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA) has been increasing, leading to respondent fatigue, reduced response rates, repetitive data collection, and consequential reduced robustness of data. In addition, poor quality surveys with no anticipated research outcomes of benefit to the community have further added to the burden on families. There is also increased interest in recruiting patient representatives to help shape and steer research through appropriate Patient and Public Engagement and Involvement (PPIE), but without a robust structure in place the numbers of families involved has been small and their representativeness questioned. This project improves research quality, accessibility for researchers to access motivated survey respondents, reduces the burden on participants, and provides a central solution for accessing JIA research participants. Methods Juvenile Arthritis Research is a charity in the UK, with considerable experience of developing research projects and engaging in PPIE activities, and a highly-engaged network of families affected by JIA. The charity launched the JIA VIP Research Panel in September 2023, inviting members of their network to join. Participants give fully informed consent upon sign-up, and provide demographic details. These are held securely and anonymously. New research, developed in-house or with academic, clinical or industry partners, is shared with the JIA VIP Research Panel. Participants are invited to complete surveys, knowing they have been quality assured and verified, and without the need to re-submit the same demographic data repeatedly over time. The Panel is also available for PPIE activities, with researchers able to access members of the Panel based on diagnosis, demographic or other criteria. Results Within 3 days of launch, over 100 families joined the JIA VIP Research Panel, with a representative spread of participants; recruitment is an ongoing and continuous process. Conclusion The JIA VIP Research Panel (www.jarproject.org/vip) is an innovative resource enabling faster, more flexible, and more efficient access to families with JIA in the UK both for survey-based research and involvement in PPIE. The Panel has begun to improve the quality of research, building upon previous success and continuing to develop high levels of engagement with participants. Disclosure R.P. Beesley: None. R.M. Beesley: None.

A feasibility study for the application of climate change vulnerability assessments on species in the Tallurutiup Imanga National Marine Conservation Area

Abstract Climate change is disproportionately affecting Arctic ecosystems and their resident species, but knowledge gaps complicate conservation planning. A proof‐of‐concept application of existing trait‐based vulnerability assessment frameworks were applied to nine species from three different taxa (cetaceans, pinnipeds, marine fish) to determine their vulnerability under the RCP 8.5 emissions scenario. A literature review and data gap analysis were performed to quantify vulnerability and recommend future research priorities. Each assessed species was found to be highly vulnerable to climate change, with char, cod, and walrus being the most vulnerable. The largest data gaps include outdated or missing abundance measurements mortality rates in both marine mammals and fish, and reproductive behaviours for fish specifically. Future assessments should consider multiple emissions scenarios that match the ranges of migratory species not confined to the TINMCA. Providing a method to preliminarily evaluate climate change vulnerability may help mitigate issues brought by limited species experts, such as respondent fatigue. More refined scores will require the assistance of species experts, including biologists and Indigenous knowledge holders.

Pesquisa Tradicional versus Algoritmos Avançados: “O Survey Está Com os Dias Contados?”

ABSTRACT Objective: to examine the contemporary challenges faced by the survey method in the administration field, particularly in marketing, due to the emergence of new technologies and changes in respondent behavior. Provocations: with the rise of artificial intelligence, the traditional survey method is increasingly being questioned. Issues such as response validity, respondent fatigue, and proliferation of behavioral data obtained through automated means cast doubt on the survey’s effectiveness in capturing actual consumer behavior. Additionally, new legislation may introduce restrictions that could impact data collection via surveys. Conclusions: although not obsolete, the survey method must reinvent itself to remain relevant. Integrating new technologies, such as artificial intelligence, and combining them with qualitative methods are suggested paths to improve research effectiveness in an environment heavily influenced by technological advancements. The future of the survey depends on its ability to adapt and complement other emerging approaches.

Measuring patient satisfaction with four items: validity of the client satisfaction questionnaire 4 in an outpatient population

IntroductionPatient satisfaction with mental health services has for several decades been considered an important component when evaluating service quality. It is often assessed in the context of monitoring quality of care, developing or evaluating newly implemented interventions or changes in practice. Because of this, patient satisfaction questionnaires are often added to longer questionnaire batteries, and shorter questionnaires are preferred to prevent respondent fatigue and non-compliance and to secure easy implementation. However, most studies use unvalidated patient satisfaction measures, making comparisons between studies difficult. Validation studies of short patient satisfaction measures are therefore warranted.MethodsThe primary aim was to examine the construct validity and internal reliability of the Client Satisfaction Questionnaire-4 (CSQ-4) in a Norwegian outpatient mental health setting. A total of 467 patients were recruited from an outpatient psychiatric care clinic in Central Norway. The secondary aim was to examine an earlier proposed cutoff for classifying dissatisfied patients in this new population. A principal component analysis was conducted to evaluate factor structure, correlation analyses were conducted to test for predicted relationships, and Cronbach’s alpha was calculated to examine internal reliability.ResultsThe CSQ-4 showed a clear unidimensional structure with one factor explaining 80% of its variance. Its internal reliability was very high, with a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.92. As hypothesised this study found no statistically significant sex differences in satisfaction and no statistically significant association between age and satisfaction. Positive changes in symptoms during treatment and higher post-treatment functional impairment were associated with higher patient-reported treatment satisfaction scores, which indicates good construct validity.ConclusionThis is the first study to evaluate the CSQ-4 in a psychiatric population. The CSQ-4 demonstrated good structural validity and internal reliability and was correlated with outcome variables in terms of symptom change and post-treatment functioning. In sum, this indicates that the CSQ-4 is a good short alternative for evaluating patient satisfaction in routine outpatient mental health care.

1 Psychometric comparison of the long and short forms of the Personality Assessment Inventory in a neuropsychiatric population

Objective:The Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI; Morey, 1991; 2007) is a 344 item self-report measure of personality, psychopathology, and factors affecting treatment. The PAI short form (PAI-SF) contains the first 160 items of the PAI and is often favoured as a screening tool or brief version to mitigate respondent burden and fatigue. The PAI has been psychometrically validated among numerous populations (Slavin-Mulford et al., 2012), while psychometric research on the PAI-SF is gradually emerging. The psychometric properties of the PAI-SF range from adequate to strong in psychiatric (Sinclair et al., 2009), forensic (Sinclair et al., 2010), outpatient and nonclinical (Ward et al., 2018), and stroke (Udala et al., 2020) samples. To advance research validating the PAI-SF among diverse populations, this project investigated the psychometric comparability between the PAI and the PAI-SF in a neuropsychiatric population. Based on previous literature, it was hypothesized that the PAI-SF would produce congruent results to the PAI in this sample.Participants and Methods:For this study, participant files (N=214) were collected retrospectively from short- and long-term residential psychiatric and substance use treatment facilities in Minnesota for patients with neurological and cognitive concerns referred for neuropsychological evaluation. The PAI-SF was scored using the first 160 items from a patient’s long-form PAI protocol. To determine the psychometric comparability of long- and short-forms, paired-samples t-tests, intraclass correlations, and percent agreement in clinical classification between forms were analyzed.Results:Analyses of participant data found that intra-class correlations ranged from .87 to .98 for each subscale on the PAI when compared to the PAI-SF, demonstrating good to excellent reliability between forms. Symptoms are considered clinically elevated when they exceed the clinical significance threshold for a subscale (typically a T-score of 70+). Agreement between the PAI and PAI-SF subscales in the classification of clinically elevated scores ranged from 86% to 100%. When forms did not agree, the PAI-SF was more likely to be clinically significant relative to the PAI. A comparison of subscale means between forms was examined by independent samples T-tests with a Bonferroni correction. Results revealed significant differences between the PAI and PAI-SF on one validity scale (Negative Impression Management), three clinical scales (Anxiety; Depression; Antisocial Features), and one treatment scale (Treatment Rejection).Conclusions:Results demonstrated that the PAI and PAI-SF have high reliability between forms in a neuropsychiatric population. Although mean scores differed on a small number of subscales between the PAI and PAI-SF, differences did not appear sufficiently large enough to shift clinical classifications, as the two forms performed similarly in their identification of clinically elevated scales. Findings align with previous literature and suggest that the PAI-SF may perform adequately in a neuropsychiatric population if brevity or participant burden is of concern. However, caution is warranted when making clinical decisions with the PAI-SF as more research is needed.

Optimising a landscape visual quality protocol. A Method for reducing respondent fatigue and obtaining site-specific indicators

Evaluation of landscape visual quality is crucial for policymaking and planning but is still challenging. A wide range of visual assessment protocols is available, but there is still no consensus on appropriate indicators or approaches. Also, evaluation protocols can encompass many indicators, being exhaustive and complex and making the evaluation lengthy. Furthermore, protocols tend to be catered to a particular type of landscape or site-specific, and it can be tricky to ensure the protocol developed is adequate for the landscape under study. This paper proposes a methodology to optimise the selection of indicators for landscape visual assessments. There are two main goals: i) reduce the evaluation time to avoid respondent fatigue, and ii) make the protocol site-specific, choosing indicators that perform better and avoiding redundant indicators.•The presented method optimises the selection of indicators in expert visual assessments;•Indicators are rated in situ on a 5-point scale and go through a performance and redundancy test;•It helps to adapt complex evaluation protocols to the study landscape and to choose robust indicators in a supported and scientific way.

Evaluation of Educational Environment Using the Dundee Ready Educational Environment Measure-12 – Abridged version of the Dundee Ready Educational Environment Measure-50 Questionnaire among Final Year M.B.B.S. Students in a Medical College in Ahmedabad

Introduction: Medical education in India is evolving/changing in view of implementation of new curriculum in undergraduate schools. Dundee Ready Educational Environment Measure (DREEM) is one of the tools developed specifically to assess the educational environment of medical institutions as perceived by the students. DREEM-12, an abridged version of DREEM-50 had been developed which retains its factors structure, validity, reliability and at the same time avoids respondent fatigue. We used the DREEM-12 questionnaire to assess final M.B.B.S students’ perception about their learning environment at our institute. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was done including 215 undergraduate students from the final MBBS. The DREEM-12 questionnaire was shared with all the participants as Google form. The mean score for each variable was calculated. Variable scores were summed up to get each domain score and interpreted. Results: We received responses from 60% of students. The highest score was given to faculty’s encouragement towards learning with a mean score of 3.1. Least score - 2.1 was given to the stress support system for students. In the cumulative score, students’ perception of teacher (SPOT) was 8.8 which is interpreted as “model course organizers,” while student’s social self-perceptions was 4.7 which infers “not too bad.” The overall DREEM-12 score of our study is 33.1, which is indicative of a “More Positive than Negative” educational environment. Conclusion: The stress support system has the lowest score which suggests that efforts should be made to provide continuous psychological support to students may be in the form of periodical assessment by psychologists to find vulnerable ones early and provide them timely help. Items in SPOT are scored highest, pertaining to faculty’s knowledge about the subject and their encouragement to students about their learning. As this was the first-ever study done at this institute using DREEM-12 it can serve as a baseline to monitor the effects of changes made over a period of time.

Assessing consumer preferences on halal service: the emergence of Sharia hospitals for Muslim consumer

PurposeThis study aims to examine customer preferences toward Sharia hospitals and to provide a new viewpoint by looking at consumers’ perspectives on choosing health-care services. Despite the growing demand for halal products, halal services, particularly hospital and Sharia-based health-care services, receive very little attention in the literature compared to other Sharia-type services such as Sharia banking, insurance or even hospitality. Previous research on health care discussed under the Sharia perspective mainly focused on service quality, directing discussions to the service providers’ perspectives.Design/methodology/approachThis study uses choice-based conjoint analysis to examine customer preferences toward Sharia health-care service. There are five attributes with three levels each. To reduce respondent fatigue, the authors used SPSS Orthoplan to generate an orthogonal factorial design, which resulted in 21 choice cards. Cross-sectional data were collected from an online survey using a platform from Populix, an independent panel survey provider, to ensure no sample selection bias. A total of 270 responses were obtained to represent Muslim populations across Indonesia.FindingsThe results showed that the highest preference is highly rated to the familiarity and certification of the hospital brand that implies trust and guarantees to add value with the existence of halal certification for hospitals. In addition, this study revealed that Sharia services have higher positive signals over the physical infrastructure in determining preferences. On the other hand, add-on components that support the integration of other halal industries, such as halal culinary tourism, halal tourism and integration with transportation and halal accommodation, are still minor in the current preference.Originality/valuePrevious research on health care discussed under the Sharia perspective mainly focused on service quality, which directs the discussions to the service providers’ perspectives. This study provides a new point of view by looking at consumers’ perspectives about their preferences and decisions to choose a Sharia hospital.

Effect of Muscle Fatigue on EMG Signal and Maximum Heart Rate for Pre and Post Physical Activity

Sport is a physical activity that can optimize body development through muscle movement. Physical activity without rest with strong and prolonged muscle contractions results in muscle fatigue. Muscle fatigue that occurs causes a decrease in the work efficiency of muscles. Electrocardiography (ECG) is a recording of the heart's electrical activity on the body's surface. EMG is a technique for measuring electrical activity in muscles. This study aims to detect the effect of muscle fatigue on cardiac signals by monitoring ECG and EMG signals. This research method uses the Maximum Heart Rate with a research design of one group pre-test-post-test. The independent variable is the ECG signal when doing plank activities, while the dependent variable is the result of monitoring the ECG signal. To get the Maximum Heart Rate results, respondents use the Karnoven formula and perform the T-test. Test results show a significant value (pValue <0.05) in pre-exercise and post-exercise. When the respondent experiences muscle fatigue, it shows the effect of changes in the shape of the ECG signal which is marked by the presence of movement artifact noise. It concluded that the tools in this study can be used properly. This study has limitations including noise in the AD8232 module circuit and the display on telemetry where the width of the box cannot be adjusted according to the ECG paper.is It recommended for further research to use components with better quality and replace the display using the Delphi interface.

Exhaustive or exhausting? Evidence on respondent fatigue in long surveys

Living standards measurement surveys require sustained attention for several hours. We quantify survey fatigue by randomizing the order of questions in 2–3 hour-long in-person surveys. An additional hour of survey time increases the probability that a respondent skips a question by 10%–64%. Because skips are more common, the total monetary value of aggregated categories such as assets or expenditures declines as the survey goes on, and this effect is sizeable for some categories: for example, an extra hour of survey time lowers food expenditures by 25%. We find similar effect sizes within phone surveys in which respondents were already familiar with questions, suggesting that cognitive burden may be a key driver of survey fatigue.

Optimal Integrating Learning for Split Questionnaire Design Type Data

In the era of data science, it is common to encounter data with different subsets of variables obtained for different cases. An example is the split questionnaire design (SQD), which is adopted to reduce respondent fatigue and improve response rates by assigning different subsets of the questionnaire to different sampled respondents. A general question then is how to estimate the regression function based on such block-wise observed data. Currently, this is often carried out with the aid of missing data methods, which may unfortunately suffer from intensive computational cost, high variability, and possible large modeling biases in real applications. In this article, we develop a novel approach for estimating the regression function for SQD-type data. We first construct a list of candidate models using available data-blocks separately, and then combine the estimates properly to make an efficient use of all the information. We show the resulting averaged model is asymptotically optimal in the sense that the squared loss and risk are asymptotically equivalent to those of the best but infeasible averaged estimator. Both simulated examples and an application to the SQD dataset from the European Social Survey show the promise of the proposed method. Supplementary materials for this article are available online.

Respondent Fatigue Reduces Dietary Diversity Scores Reported from Mobile Phone Surveys in Ethiopia during the COVID-19 Pandemic

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe computer-assisted telephone interview (CATI) has been used extensively during the COVID-19 pandemic, but the effects of respondent fatigue during these interviews on responses to questions about diet are unknown.ObjectivesWe designed an experiment that randomized the placement of a survey module on the dietary diversity of rural Ethiopian women and assessed whether responses were altered by placing this module earlier or later in a phone survey.MethodsTwo CATIs were implemented; in the second, women were randomly assigned to answer questions on diet diversity either earlier or later in the interview. Women's Dietary Diversity Scores were the primary outcome. Secondary outcomes were dichotomous measures of consumption from four or more and five or more food groups and consumption of food groups consumed frequently, often, and rarely. Impacts were assessed using a respondent fixed effects model.ResultsDelaying the food consumption module by 15 min in the interview led to an 8%–17% (P < 0.01) decrease in reported Dietary Diversity Scores, a 28% (P < 0.01) decrease in the number of women who consumed a minimum of four dietary groups, and a 40% (P < 0.01) and 11% (P < 0.01) decrease in the reporting of consumption of animal source foods and fruits and vegetables, respectively. Moving the food consumption module closer to the beginning of the interview increased the number of reported food groups consumed by older women, women with a below-median education level, and women in larger households.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that comparisons of descriptive statistics across studies and countries on metrics such as food security and dietary quality may be confounded by where these modules are placed in the interview, thus highlighting trade-offs between volume of information collected and data quality when designing CATI surveys.

Effect of Muscle Fatigue on Heart Signal on Physical Activity with Electromyogram and Electrocardiogram (EMG Parameter ) Monitoring Signals

Physical activity is an activity of body movement by utilizing skeletal muscles that is carried out daily. One form of physical activity is an exercise that aims to improve health and fitness. Parameters related to health and fitness are heart and muscle activity. Strong and prolonged muscle contractions result in muscle fatigue. To measure muscle fatigue, the authors used electromyographic (EMG) signals through monitoring changes in muscle electrical activity. This study aims to make a tool to detect the effect of muscle fatigue on cardiac signals on physical activity. This research method uses Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) with one group pre-test-post-test research design. The independent variable is the EMG signal when doing plank activities, while the dependent variable is the result of monitoring the EMG signal. To get more detailed measurement results, the authors use MPF, MDF and MNF and perform a T-test. The test results showed a significant value (pValue &lt;0.05) in the pre-test and post-test. The Pearson correlation test got a value of 0.628 which indicates there is a strong relationship between exercise frequency and plank duration. When the respondent experiences muscle fatigue, the heart signal is affected by noise movement artifacts that appear when doing the plank. It is concluded that the tools in this study can be used properly. To overcome noise in the EMG signal, it is recommended to use dry electrodes and high-quality components. To improve the ability to transmit data, it is recommended to use a Raspberry microcontroller.

Are small measures big problems? A meta-analytic investigation of brief measures of the Big Five

Pressures to maximize survey space or mitigate respondent fatigue can lead researchers to employ abbreviated during data collection. This is problematic because short-form measures can suffer from reduced reliability and validity. Thus, we conducted a meta-analysis to determine whether the use of brief measures of the Big Five in business research tends to produce psychometrically sound and criterion-valid results. We compared scale internal consistencies and effect size estimates from our study with meta-analytic estimates for long measures of the Big Five, as established in the literature. Our results indicated that, in general, internal consistency estimates were not substantively different. However, the criterion-related validity comparisons indicated that several point estimates for individual measures did not fall within the credibility intervals obtained from prior meta-analyses. This suggests that although brief measures of the Big Five might appear acceptable for use in business research, caution should be exercised when choosing a brief measure.

An update on the overall epidemiology, clinical characteristics, and outcomes from the COVID-19 and Cancer Consortium (CCC19).

10565 Background: Despite mitigation and treatment strategies, COVID-19 continues to negatively impact patients (pts) with cancer. Identifying factors that remain consistently associated with morbidity and mortality is critical for risk identification and care delivery. Methods: Using CCC19 registry data through 12/31/2021 we report clinical outcomes (30-day case fatality rate [CFR], mechanical ventilation use (MV), intensive care unit admission (ICU), and hospitalization) in adult pts with cancer and laboratory confirmed SARS-CoV-2, stratified by patient, cancer, and treatment-related factors. Results: In this cohort of 11,417 pts (with 4% reported vaccination prior to COVID-19), 55% required hospitalization, 15% ICU, 9% MV, and 12% died. Overall outcome rates remained similar for 2020 and 2021 (Table). Hydroxychloroquine was utilized in 11% and other anti-COVID-19 drugs (remdesivir, tocilizumab, convalescent plasma, and/or steroids) in 30%. Higher CFRs were observed in older age, males, Black race, smoking (14%), comorbidities (pulmonary [17%], diabetes mellitus [16%], cardiovascular [19%], renal [21%]), ECOG performance status 2+ (31%), co-infection (25%), especially fungal (35%), and initial presentation with severe COVID-19 (48%). Pts with hematologic malignancy, active/progressing cancer status, or receiving systemic anti-cancer therapy within 1-3 months prior to COVID-19 also had worse CFRs. CFRs were similar across anti-cancer modalities. Other outcomes (ICU, MV, hospitalization) followed similar distributions by pt characteristics. Conclusions: Unfavorable outcome rates continue to remain high over 2 years, despite fewer case reports in 2021 owing to multiple factors (e.g., pandemic dynamics, respondent fatigue, overwhelmed healthcare systems). Pts with specific socio-demographics, performance status, comorbidities, type and status of cancer, immunosuppressive therapies, and COVID-19 severity at presentation experienced worse COVID-19 severity; and these factors should be further examined through multivariable modeling. Understanding epidemiological features, patient and cancer-related factors, and impact of anti-COVID-19 interventions can help inform risk stratification and interpretation of results from clinical trials. [Table: see text]

PROMIS Pediatric Psychological Stress Measure: Validity for immigrant Latino youth.

This study assesses the psychometric properties of the four- and eight-item versions of the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Pediatric Psychological Stress Measure (PPSM) for use with Latino immigrant adolescents. Immigrant Latino youth are exposed to numerous stressors that can have consequences affecting health well into adulthood. However, few studies have assessed the suitability of psychosocial measures for this group. Participants included 286 first- and second-generation immigrant Latino youth in middle school in an urban school district in the United States. Analyses included tests for reliability, validity, item characteristics, and measurement invariance across differing levels of acculturation and gender groups. Both the four- and the eight-item PPSM are internally consistent, have strong construct validity, and strict factorial invariance across differing levels of acculturation. The four-item PPSM demonstrates strict invariance, but the eight-item version shows only configural invariance by gender. The PPSM is a rigorous measure when assessing immigrant Latino youth stress level. The four-item PPSM is brief, simple to administer, and appropriate for use with Latino youth across differing levels of acculturation and gender groups. The four-item PPSM lessens respondent fatigue and may be incorporated into tools practitioners and researchers use to assess perceived stress among immigrant Latino youth.

Exhaustive or Exhausting? Evidence on Respondent Fatigue in Long Surveys

Exhaustive or Exhausting? Evidence on Respondent Fatigue in Long Surveys