Function Of Respiratory System Research Articles

Assessment of Respiratory System Function in Patients with Chronic Low Back Pain

Chronic low back pain is a global problem that affects all segments of the population and has a negative impact on daily activities and quality of life. The respiratory muscles play an important role in stabilizing the spine and supporting correct posture, but may undergo changes due to chronic pain, which may affect respiratory function. Objective — to assess the function of the respiratory system in patients with chronic low back pain in order to optimize treatment strategies. Materials and methods. A total of 100 individuals aged 25—44 years were examined at the University Clinic of Bogomolets National Medical University. All subjects were divided into two groups: people with chronic low back pain and practically healthy people. Key anthropometric parameters were measured and spirometry was performed to assess external respiratory function. Results and discussion. The average BMI of men and women with chronic low back pain was (28.15 ± 3.75) and (25.42 ± 4.73) kg/m2, respectively, indicating overweight. Among women with chronic low back pain, there was a significant decrease in such indicators as thoracic excursion (TE) (p = 0.0008), FEV1 (p = 0.01), and FVC (p = 0.04) compared with healthy women, while other indicators did not show significant differences. Among men with chronic low back pain there was a significant decrease in such indicators as TE (p = 0.001), FVC (p = 0.03), FEV1 (p = 0.01), FEV1 (p = 0.002), MVV (p = 0.002), expiratory FVC (p = 0.02) compared with healthy men. Conclusions. Individuals with chronic low back pain have reduced respiratory system function and reduced respiratory muscle strength. The integration of respiratory muscle exercises into rehabilitation programs can potentially improve the treatment outcomes of people with chronic low back pain.

Computational study of the impact of nasal vestibule anatomy on nasal drug administration with nasal spray.

The nasal airway comprises a complex network of passages and chambers and plays an important role in regulating the respiratory system's functions. The nasal vestibule is the first chamber of the nasal airway. While variations in nasal vestibule geometries are known to exist between humans, details of their implications on how they may affect the efficacy of nasal drug delivery devices are less clear. In this study, an investigation into how geometrical variations in nasal vestibule could affect particle deposition was conducted to elucidate the role of the vestibule in respiratory physiology. MRI was used to image the nasal airway of 11 subjects. The vestibules in the subjects were reconstructed using 3D slicer, and integrated with a common nasal turbinate to isolate the complexities in flow behavior when subject-specific turbinates were used. This approach minimises the impact of anatomical variations downstream of the vestibule, allowing for a focused evaluation of the vestibule's specific role in airflow dynamics and particle deposition. Particle deposition was examined using a steady flow rate of 15 L/min. Results from this study show that airflow velocity is highest in the middle region of the nasal airway's cross-section, while the olfactory and turbinate regions experience relatively lower airflow. A significant relationship (P < 0.05) between the nostril area, vestibule surface-to-volume ratio and particle deposition was also determined for small particle sizes (10-15 μm), demonstrating the feasibility of tailoring nasal drug delivery efficacies in individuals by cross-examining their nostril area and vestibule surface-to-volume ratio.

Electromagnetic Imaging for Breathing Monitoring.

The search for new non-invasive methods of investigating the functioning of human internal organs is an urgent task. One of these methods for assessing the functioning of the human respiratory system is electromagnetic sensing, which is based on a significant difference in the dielectric permittivity of muscle tissue and air. During breathing, when the lungs are filled with air, the dielectric permittivity of the lungs decreases, which leads to a change in the level of the electromagnetic signal passing through the body. The results of experiments on recording changes in the level of electromagnetic radiation passing through the human body performed on an experimental device consisting of eight transmitting and receiving antennas located on opposite sides of the chest have been presented in the article. The possibility of visualizing the measured "pulmonograms" in the form of dynamic two-dimensional images showing the process of filling various parts of the lungs with air has been demonstrated.

Possible benefits of stretching for post-COVID-19

Background: COVID-19 is a new disease that causes severe health problems and is responsible for significant complications even after recovery, including disabilities that lead to motor impairment. In this sense, there is currently no protocol for physical exercises for people with physical disabilities caused by the disease. Therefore, it is necessary to find ways for individuals affected by this condition and experiencing motor difficulties to engage in physical activities, preventing their condition from deteriorating further after COVID-19. Objective: To present evidence that stretching improves strength, respiratory and vascular system function, enabling the return of individuals with physical deficits who are hindered from performing activities of daily living. Methods: This study is a literature review that analyzes the correlation between the benefits of active static stretching in individuals with physical disabilities post-COVID-19. The study collected data through accumulated scientific knowledge in the fields of clinical health and physical activity. The literature search was conducted using digital scientific databases, including SciELO, ScienceDirect, Bireme, and Google Scholar. Results: Muscle stretching is a physical activity that has shown promising benefits for post-COVID patients, however, further research in this field is needed. Conclusion: Through the presented studies, it can be concluded that stretching is a type of exercise that potentially can counterbalance various sequels caused by COVID-19, enabling the affected person to return to their daily routines.

A151: The Monitoring of Health-Related Indices on Chinese Undergraduates Before, During, After COVID-19

Background/Purpose: China, as the first country who suffered the outbreak of COVID-19, reacted quickly to prevent the transmission of the epidemic by lockdown policy. Today, it has been one year since China declared the end of COVID-19. This research intended to explore the real effects of the pandemic on contemporary undergraduate physical fitness by screening and analyzing National Students Fitness Test data, comparing the data before, during, and after COVID-19. Method: Research has analyzed National Students Fitness Test data in the periods before, during, and after COVID-19 in a Chinese university, discussing the effects of COVID-19 such as the difference in body shape, respiratory system function, body strength, speed, flexibility quality, and endurance quality. In total, 14,708 college students participated, including 6,125 males and 8,583 females. In the analysis approach, using SPSS 26.0, paired-samples T test compared mean differences within the data. Students came from different provinces with sufficient cultural diversity, which attenuates risk of bias. Results: Before the outbreak, the BMI index of college students was 20.15, and it rose to 20.31 during the outbreak, as well as 20.45 at the end of the epidemic. Before the epidemic, the 50 m time was 8.48 s, which increased to 8.81 s during the epidemic and 8.77 s at the end of the epidemic. Before the outbreak, standing long jump was 182.1 cm, 178.9 cm during the outbreak, and 182.84 cm after the outbreak. The sit-and-reach was 13.26 cm before the outbreak, 15.9 cm during the outbreak, and 16.2 cm after the outbreak. The vital capacity was 3,230.87 before the outbreak, 3,201.52 during the outbreak, and 3,091.11 after the outbreak. The endurance index decreased first and then increased, and the overall difference was small compared with before the epidemic, while the strength index declined for three consecutive tests. Conclusion/Discussion: According to the comparison of the data before, during, and after the outbreak, the study found that the epidemic influenced the students' BMI to continue to rise, and their strength and vital capacity to continue to decline, which was greatly affected. However, endurance and explosive power rebounded after the pandemic.

A040: The Effect of Blended Online and Offline Physical Education on the Health-Related Indexes of Undergraduates

Background/Purpose: With the explosive development of artificial intelligence, many scholars have carried out research around the combination of online and offline physical education courses. Current research has focused on developing the application of information technology in the classroom teaching of physical education. The main purpose addressed in this study was to investigate the possible effects of implementing such a blended online and offline physical education at home on the health-related indices of students. Method: Totally 14,708 college students participated, including 6,125 males and 8,583 females. In the analysis approach, research was adopted using SPSS 26.0, specifically the paired-samples T test to compare data between two semesters. By analyzing the Nation Students Fitness Test data in a Chinese university, studies have discussed the effects of blended PE courses, such as the differences in body shape, respiratory system function, body strength, speed, flexibility quality, and endurance quality before and after the curriculum. These students came from different provinces with sufficient cultural diversity, which ensures the results won't be biased. Results: After a whole semester, for females BMI declined from 19.85 kg/m2 to 19.82 kg/m2, the Vital capacity from 2666.07 ml to 2617.96 ml, 800-m run consumed time increased from 240.31 s to 242.40 s, standing long jump and sit and reach had increased from 155.10 cm to 159.97 cm and from 17.17 cm to 17.57 cm, respectively; The 50-m sprint had decreased from 9.61 s to 9.53 s, timed sit-ups fluctuated from 36.41 n to 36.40 n. While for males, BMI increased from 20.36 kg/m2 to 20.41 kg/m2, vital capacity had decreased from 3188.00 ml to 3085.17 ml, 1000-m run consumed time increased from 248.41 s to 251.60 s, sit and reach and pull-ups declined slightly from 14.71 cm to 14.64 cm and 10.50 n to 10.16 n, respectively. 50-m sprint (7.91 s to 7.85 s) and standing long jump (208.84 cm to 215.38 cm). Conclusion/Discussion: Based on the results, although the decline of students' vital capacity and endurance running were obvious, the data supported that blended curriculum exerted a desirable influence and is a great additional option for PE courses to help students offset sedentary behavior while improving undergraduates' explosive power, body strength, and speed. The blended physical education curriculum should be explored further.

Impact of Swimming Training on the Course and Symptoms of Bronchial Asthma and Respiratory System Function: A Literature Review

Introduction: Bronchial asthma is one of the most common inflammatory diseases among adults and children. It is characterized by the occurrence of bronchial obstruction, which is manifested, for instance, by a feeling of shortness of breath, wheezing, a feeling of tightness in the chest, a feeling of squeezing in the chest. In addition to pharmacological treatment, health behavior including sport is of great importance. In this publication, we will attempt to discuss the effects of swim training on asthma and respiratory system function. We will try to answer the question whether swimming is a safe form of exercise for patients with bronchial asthma.Material and methods: Review of the specialized literature in the field of pulmonology, guidelines for treatment of bronchial asthma and articles available on PubMed and Google Scholar database searching by the keywordsAim of the study: The aim of this publication is to review the available literature to answer the question of whether swimming training is a suitable form of exercise for asthmatic patients and what effect it has on respiratory functionConclusions: The treatment of bronchial asthma is based on the pharmacological treatment. In addition to medications, non-pharmacological methods and health behaviours are important. Appropriate physical activity for people with asthma may include swimming training, which has a beneficial effect on lung function and asthma symptoms management, especially in the paediatric population. There are studies that suggest that swimming carries a lower risk of causing bronchospasm than other sport activities, however, there are inconclusive reports on the effect of attending chlorinated swimming pools on the development of asthma and allergies. Studies on competitive and elite swimmers show that intensive swimming training, especially in chlorinated pools, can induce bronchial hyperresponsiveness and the risk of developing asthma, but this requires further research.

Exploring the potential role of microbiota and metabolites in acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

The acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease seriously affects the respiratory system function and quality of life of patients. This study employed 16S rRNA sequencing and metabolomics techniques to analyze the respiratory microbiota and serum metabolites of COPD and AECOPD patients. The results showed that the microbial diversity in the respiratory tract of AECOPD patients was significantly lower than that of COPD patients, and the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes, Prevotella and Neisseria in the respiratory tract of AECOPD patients was significantly lower than that of COPD patients. However, the relative abundance of Haemophilus_D, Veillonella_A and Pseudomonas_E, in AECOPD patients was significantly higher than that of COPD patients, and the ability of respiratory microbiota in AECOPD patients to participate in alanine metabolism was significantly lower than that of COPD patients. Metabolome results further revealed that the serum alanine levels in AECOPD patients were significantly lower than those in COPD patients, and these differential metabolites were mainly involved in linoleic acid metabolism, protein digestion and absorption and regulation of lipolysis in adipocytes. In summary, the structural characteristics of respiratory microbiota in COPD and AECOPD patients are different from those in healthy populations, and their microbiota diversity decreases and microbial community structure and function will also undergo changes when acute exacerbations occur. In addition, the predicted microbial community function and metabolomics results indicate that the onset of AECOPD is mainly related to energy and amino acid metabolism disorders, especially alanine metabolism.

The airway smooth muscle and the pipe dream of better bronchodilators.

Research on airway smooth muscle has traditionally focused on its putative detrimental role in asthma, emphasizing on how its shortening narrows the airway lumen, without much consideration about its potential role in subserving the function of the entire respiratory system. New experimental evidence on mice suggests that not only the smooth muscle is required to sustain life postnatally, but its stiffening effect on the lung tissue also protects against excessive airway narrowing and, most importantly, against small airway narrowing heterogeneity and closure. These results suggest that the smooth muscle plays an vital role in the lung periphery, essentially safeguarding alveolar ventilation by preventing small airway closure. These results also shed light on perplexing clinical observations, such as the long-standing doubts about the safety of bronchodilators. Since there seems to be an optimal level of smooth muscle contraction, at least in small airways, the therapeutic goal of maximizing the relaxation of the smooth muscle in asthma needs to be revisited. A bronchodilator with an excessive potency for inhibiting smooth muscle contraction, and that is still potent at concentrations reaching the lung periphery, may foster airway closure and air trapping, resulting in no net gain or even a decline in lung function.

Long-term consequences of the functional state of the respiratory system after SARS-CoV-2-associated lung damage

Aim. To study the dynamics of respiratory system function in patients without a history of bronchopulmonary pathology after SARS-CoV-2 infection with virus-associated lung damage.Materials and methods. A retrospective study was conducted on 29 patients (median age 46 [43-51] years) at two stages: visit 1 (1-4 months) and visit 2 (8-13 months) from the onset of COVID-19. Data from spirometry, bodyplethysmography, diffusion capacity test, impulse oscillometry (IOS), and chest computed tomography (CT) obtained during the acute phase of the disease (CTmax), as well as dyspnea assessed by the mMRC scale, were analyzed.Results. The median CTmax was 75%, and 66% of patients received treatment in the intensive care unit. At visit 1, dyspnea was of mild or moderate severity. Medians of vital capacity (VC), total lung capacity (TLC), residual volume (RV), and diffusion capacity of the lungs (DLco) were reduced (&lt;80% predicted). The median forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1) and IOS parameters were within normal ranges. However, increased reactance area (AX) and absolute frequency dependence of resistance (R5–R20) were found in 59% and 24% of cases, respectively. At visit 2, mild dyspnea persisted. Lung volumes were within normal limits, with statistically significant differences between visits. The median DLco was reduced at visit 1 but increased to normal at visit 2, with statistically significant differences between visits. The median IOS parameters remained within normal limits, with no statistically significant differences between visits. However, in visit 1 increased AX and (R5–R20) were observed in 59% and 24%, in visit 2 – 45% and 17% of cases, respectively, with no statistically significant differences between visits.Conclusions. Among the long-term functional consequences of SARS-CoV-2 infection with virus-associated lung damage, decreased lung diffusion capacity (reduced DLco) and small airway dysfunction (increased AX and/or R5-R20) were noted in some patients. Impulse oscillometry should be included in the comprehensive functional assessment plan for patients after SARS-CoV-2 infection to diagnose small airway dysfunction.

PENGARUH TEKNIK SPIRITUAL EMOTIONAL BREATHING (SEB) SEBAGAI METODE DALAM MENINGKATKAN FUNGSI RESPIRASI PADA PASIEN TUBERCULOSIS PARU

Pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) is one of the leading causes of death from infections worldwide. Pulmonary TB is caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which can cause inflammation affecting the lung parenchyma. The entry of the bacteria triggers an inflammatory response that damages the alveolar-capillary membrane, leading to impaired lung expansion due to fluid accumulation, which in turn affects respiratory system function. To address respiratory function issues in pulmonary TB, one solution is the application of spiritual emotional breathing (SEB). This study aims to determine the effect of the SEB technique on optimizing respiratory function in pulmonary TB patients. The design used is a quasi-experimental design with a one-group pre-test and post-test with control group design. The sample consisted of 40 respondents, divided into 2 groups: control and intervention, each with 20 respondents, selected using convenience sampling. The intervention provided was SEB according to the SOP, and the measurement of RR and SpO2 was conducted using observation and oximetry. Data analysis was performed using t-tests and Wilcoxon tests. The results showed p = 0.251 in the treatment group and p = 0.353 in the control group, indicating that this intervention did not have a significant effect on RR. However, the SpO2 results showed p = 0.001 in the treatment group, indicating a significant effect of SEB on SpO2, whereas p = 0.518 in the control group. SEB improves respiration, such as lung capacity and gas exchange.

Factors related with lung functions among Orang Asli in Tasik Chini, Malaysia: a cross-sectional study

BackgroundOrang Asli lifestyle and household setting may influence their health status especially respiratory system and lung functions. This cross-sectional study was carried out to investigate the status of lung functions of Orang Asli community and the associated factors.MethodsData collection was carried out from November 2017 until May 2018 among 211 Orang Asli respondents aged 18 years old and above, who lived in five villages in Tasik Chini, Pahang. All respondents who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were recruited in this study. Interview-guided questionnaire was administered, and spirometry test that include Forced Expiratory Volume in one second (FEV1), Forced Vital Capacity (FVC), and Peak Expiratory Flow Rate (PEFR) was carried out. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 23.0. In the first stage, descriptive analysis was done to describe the characteristics of the respondents. In the second stage, bivariable analysis was carried out to compare proportions. Finally, multiple logistic regression was performed to assess the effects of various independent predictors on spirometry parameters.ResultsThe respondents’ age ranged from 18 to 71 years old in which 50.2% of them were female. The majority ethnicity in Tasik Chini was Jakun tribe (94.3%). More than half of the respondents (52.1%) were current smoker, 5.2% were ex-smoker and 41.7% were non-smoker. More than half of them (62.1%) used woodstove for cooking, compared to only 37.9% used cleaner fuel like Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) as a fuel for everyday cooking activity. The lung function parameters (FEV1 and FVC) were lower than the predictive value, whereas the ratio of Forced Expiratory Volume in one second and Forced Vital Capacity (FEV1/FVC) (%) and PEFR were within the predictive value. The FEV1 levels were significantly associated with age group (18–39 years old) (p = 0.002) and presence of woodstove in the house (p = 0.004). FVC levels were significantly associated with presence of woodstove in the house (p = 0.004), whereas there were no significant associations between all factors and FEV1/FVC levels.ConclusionsFEV1 levels were significantly associated with age group 18–39 years old, whereas FVC levels were significantly associated with the presence of woodstove in the house. Thus, environmental interventions such as replacing the use of woodstove with LPG, need to be carried out to prevent further worsening of respiratory health among Orang Asli who lived far from health facilities. Moreover, closer health monitoring is crucial especially among the younger and productive age group.

Linking preoperative and early intensive care unit data for prolonged intubation prediction.

Prolonged intubation (PI) is a frequently encountered severe complication among patients following cardiac surgery (CS). Solely concentrating on preoperative data, devoid of sufficient consideration for the ongoing impact of surgical, anesthetic, and cardiopulmonary bypass procedures on subsequent respiratory system function, could potentially compromise the predictive accuracy of disease prognosis. In response to this challenge, we formulated and externally validated an intelligible prediction model tailored for CS patients, leveraging both preoperative information and early intensive care unit (ICU) data to facilitate early prophylaxis for PI. We conducted a retrospective cohort study, analyzing adult patients who underwent CS and utilizing data from two publicly available ICU databases, namely, the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care and the eICU Collaborative Research Database. PI was defined as necessitating intubation for over 24 h. The predictive model was constructed using multivariable logistic regression. External validation of the model's predictive performance was conducted, and the findings were elucidated through visualization techniques. The incidence rates of PI in the training, testing, and external validation cohorts were 11.8%, 12.1%, and 17.5%, respectively. We identified 11 predictive factors associated with PI following CS: plateau pressure [odds ratio (OR), 1.133; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.111-1.157], lactate level (OR, 1.131; 95% CI, 1.067-1.2), Charlson Comorbidity Index (OR, 1.166; 95% CI, 1.115-1.219), Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score (OR, 1.096; 95% CI, 1.061-1.132), central venous pressure (OR, 1.052; 95% CI, 1.033-1.073), anion gap (OR, 1.075; 95% CI, 1.043-1.107), positive end-expiratory pressure (OR, 1.087; 95% CI, 1.047-1.129), vasopressor usage (OR, 1.521; 95% CI, 1.23-1.879), Visual Analog Scale score (OR, 0.928; 95% CI, 0.893-0.964), pH value (OR, 0.757; 95% CI, 0.629-0.913), and blood urea nitrogen level (OR, 1.011; 95% CI, 1.003-1.02). The model exhibited an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) of 0.853 (95% CI, 0.840-0.865) in the training cohort, 0.867 (95% CI, 0.853-0.882) in the testing cohort, and 0.704 (95% CI, 0.679-0.727) in the external validation cohort. Through multicenter internal and external validation, our model, which integrates early ICU data and preoperative information, exhibited outstanding discriminative capability. This integration allows for the accurate assessment of PI risk in the initial phases following CS, facilitating timely interventions to mitigate adverse outcomes.

Measurement of Respiratory System Function By Airwave Oscillometry (AOS) in a Cohort of Children Undergoing Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant (HSCT)

Measurement of Respiratory System Function By Airwave Oscillometry (AOS) in a Cohort of Children Undergoing Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant (HSCT)

Strong selection signatures for Aleutian disease tolerance acting on novel candidate genes linked to immune and cellular responses in American mink (Neogale vison)

Aleutian disease (AD) is a multi-systemic infectious disease in American mink (Neogale vison) caused by Aleutian mink disease virus (AMDV). This study aimed to identify candidate regions and genes underlying selection for response against AMDV using whole-genome sequence (WGS) data. Three case–control selection signatures studies were conducted between animals (N = 85) producing high versus low antibody levels against AMDV, grouped by counter immunoelectrophoresis (CIEP) test and two enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). Within each study, selection signals were detected using fixation index (FST) and nucleotide diversity (θπ ratios), and validated by cross-population extended haplotype homozygosity (XP-EHH) test. Within- and between-studies overlapping results were then evaluated. Within-studies overlapping results indicated novel candidate genes related to immune and cellular responses (e.g., TAP2, RAB32), respiratory system function (e.g., SPEF2, R3HCC1L), and reproduction system function (e.g., HSF2, CFAP206) in other species. Between-studies overlapping results identified three large segments under strong selection pressure, including two on chromosome 1 (chr1:88,770–98,281 kb and chr1:114,133–120,473) and one on chromosome 6 (chr6:37,953–44,279 kb). Within regions with strong signals, we found novel candidate genes involved in immune and cellular responses (e.g., homologous MHC class II genes, ITPR3, VPS52) in other species. Our study brings new insights into candidate regions and genes controlling AD response.

Effect of chest wall mobilization on respiratory muscle function in patients with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): A randomized controlled trial

BackgroundClinical trials have demonstrated positive correlation between pulmonary function and chest wall expansion in COPD. Decrease in chest wall expansion in patients with COPD compromises rib cage mobility and functional length of respiratory muscles that ultimately jeopardize the efficacy and function of respiratory system. MethodThirty male adults (mean age: 74.97 ± 6.29) suffered with severe COPD were randomly allocated to either experimental group (chest wall mobilizations) or control group. Both groups received standardized education and walking exercise (twice/week) for 6 weeks. Patients in experimental group received additional chest wall mobilizations that include stretching and joints mobilization. Pulmonary function, respiratory muscle strength, thoracic excursion, cervical and thoracic range of movement were evaluated at baseline, post-program and at 3-month follow-up. ResultsThere were significantly greater improvements in respiratory muscle strength, thoracic excursion and thoracic range of movement (p < 0.01) except thoracic flexion. Lower thoracic excursion is strongly associated with increase in maximum inspiratory pressure (β = 13.64, p < 0.001) and maximum expiratory pressure (β = 16.23, p < 0.001). Thoracic range of movement especially extension (p < 0.001) and bilateral rotation (p < 0.01) exhibit a strong relationship with increase in lower thoracic excursion (adjusted R2 = 0.876) as shown in multiple regression analysis. ConclusionAdditional chest wall mobilization in the rehabilitation of patients with COPD is likely to enhance thoracic extension and rotation which increase lower thoracic excursion. This significant improvement in chest expansion capacity allows respiratory muscles to work at an optimal functional length which result in greater respiratory muscle strength in patients with severe COPD.

Analysis of the Physical and Health Status of Chinese College Students from 2020 to 2022 and Improvement Measures

Physical health is the foundation for the comprehensive development of college students, and with the development of social economy and changes in lifestyle, the physical health level of college students is facing various challenges and problems. Therefore, conducting a comprehensive analysis of the current situation of college students' physical health level and proposing corresponding improvement strategies has important theoretical and practical significance. Using various research methods such as literature review, mathematical statistics, and measurement, this study focuses on the physical health test data of students from Liaoning University of International Business and Economics from 2020 to 2022. The study aims to conduct statistical analysis on five aspects of students' grades, overall results, body shape, physical function, and physical fitness. The research results show that the body shape level of school girls shows a "two headed bias, and the middle is equivalent"; The overall respiratory system function of female students is slightly better than that of male students; The explosive strength and flexibility of male lower limbs are higher than the "pass or above" level specified in the National Student Physical Health Standards. Based on this, a causal analysis was conducted on the problems existing in students' physical health, and corresponding improvement measures were further proposed: to improve physical monitoring work and play the role of physical testing; Accelerate the reform of physical education teaching and implement the "four year consistent system" teaching; Strengthen extracurricular physical exercise and set up extracurricular physical education credits; Relying on sports associations to carry out various forms of sports activities; Guided by the construction of high-level sports teams, we aim to create a school sports brand.

Dynamics of functional changes in the respiratory system after COVID-19-associated lung injury at one year after hospital discharge

Morphological examination reveals microcirculation disorders in combination with small areas of lung damage in the long term after COVID-19. Therefore, the function of the respiratory system should be assessed after COVID-19. Aim of this study was to evaluate the dynamics of respiratory dysfunction in patients with COVID-19-associated lung injury using a complex examination of lung function (spirometry, body plethysmography, and lung diffusion testing) one year after hospital discharge. Methods. 60 patients (38 men/22 women, aged 39 to 80 years) with a diagnosis of “COVID-19-associated interstitial process in the lungs” were examined. Lung function (spirometry, body plethysmography, and lung diffusion capacity testing) was examined in all patients twice, at 1 – 6 months (visit 1) and at 12 – 24 months (visit 2) after hospital discharge. Results. At visit 1, 60% of patients had restrictive pulmonary ventilation disorders. Obstructive ventilation disorders were detected in only 1 patient. Decreased lung diffusion capacity (D CO corr.) was found in 78% of patients. At visit 2, obstructive disorders were detected in 1 patient, and the frequency of restrictive ventilation disorders was 29%. Decreased DLCO corr. was noted in 57% of cases. The parameters of pulmonary ventilation and pulmonary gas exchange function differed significantly between visits. Significant correlations were found between changes in the functional parameters of the respiratory system and disorders identified at visit 1 after hospital discharge. Conclusion. Thus, there is a decrease in the lung diffusion capacity and the rate of restrictive ventilation disorders even one year after severe COVID-19-associated lung injury. However, our results suggest a marked improvement in respiratory system function over time.

Correlation Between Pranayam and Occurrence of Covid-19: An Observational Study

Due to the widespread COVID-19 outbreak, people are consistently exposed to difficult circumstances and are morelikely to become infected. Yoga includes the practice of Pranayama, which is a method of controlled breathing. It is well known toboost immunity and lessen illness. However, there has yet to be a scientific investigation on the effectiveness of Pranayama inavoiding COVID-19. This research aimed to study the association between Pranayam and the occurrence of COVID-19. Thestudy's objectives are to increase awareness amongst the population regarding the importance of practicing Pranayam forstrengthening respiratory system functions and immunity. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 100 Subjects betweenthe age groups 18 to 60. Group A comprises subjects practicing daily Pranayama, and Group B is not practicing Pranayama. Thenincidence of COVID in both groups was assessed based on diagnostic criteria by filling out pre-designed proforma, and acomparison was made by statistical analysis. Subjects in Group A practicing daily Pranayama showed less percentage of COVID-19 infection. Also, the positive subjects had no symptoms, or the severity of symptoms was less than Group B subjects notpracticing Pranayama. The comparison of the groups was statistically significant. It may be due to increased strength and immunityin subjects practicing Pranayama. This study concluded that Pranayama proved beneficial in the prevention and fought againstCOVID infection.Keywords: , , , , Pranayama, Yoga.

Maternal Hypertensive Disorder of Pregnancy and Mortality in Offspring From Birth to Young Adulthood: National Population-based Cohort Study

(BMJ 2022;379:e072157) A large portion of pregnancies are affected by hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP), and they have been associated with poor outcomes during pregnancy, labor, and delivery, and for children later in life. This study aimed to understand the association between overall and specific maternal HDP with overall and cause-specific mortality in children from birth to adulthood. Secondary to this aim, this study also investigated whether diabetes and education have an additional effect on children’s mortality and whether the timing of onset for HDP makes a difference. Primary outcomes were all causes of death, and secondary outcomes were specific causes: cancer, mental or behavioral disorders, conditions originating in the perinatal period, congenital malformations and chromosomal abnormalities, external causes, and diseases related to cardiovascular function, infection or parasite, endocrine, nutritional, or metabolic function, nervous system or sense organs, respiratory system function, digestive system function, musculoskeletal system or connective tissue, or genitourinary system function.