Risk Of Respiratory System Cancer Research Articles

The polymorphism of CYP2E1 Rsa I/Pst I gene and susceptibility to respiratory system cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 34 studies.

The purpose of this articles is to determine whether the cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) Rsa I/Pst I gene polymorphism is correlated with respiratory system cancers.Respiratory system cancers included lung cancer, laryngeal cancer, nasopharyngeal cancer, and cancers of other respiratory organs, which are the most common malignant tumors worldwide; the significant relationship between CYP2E1 Rsa I/Pst I gene polymorphism and some respiratory system cancer have been reported, but results of some other studies are controversial. The pooled odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated to assess the association.PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library Databases, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Wanfang Database (up to July 20, 2014) were searched for all case–control studies those mainly studied the relationship between CYP2E1 Rsa I/Pst I gene polymorphism and the susceptibility of respiratory system cancer.A total of 332 articles were collected, among which 34 studies that involved 7028 cases and 9822 controls fulfilled the inclusion criteria after being assessed by 2 reviewers. When stratified by cancer site, the C2/C2 polymorphism could increase the risk of nasopharyngeal cancer under the homozygote model (C2C2 vs C1C1: OR = 1.85, 95% CI = 1.20–2.85, P = 0.005) and recessive model (C2C2 vs C1C2/C1C1: OR = 1.89, 95% CI = 1.23–2.89, P = 0.003). Protection effect was found in lung cancer in heterozygote model (C1C2 vs C1C1: OR = 0.82, 95% CI = 0.74–0.91, P < 0.001), dominant model (C1C2/C2C2 vs C1C1: OR = 0.83, 95% CI = 0.76–0.90, P < 0.001), and allele contrast model (C2 vs C1: OR = 0.85, 95% CI = 0.73–1.00, P = 0.045). With regard to ethnicity subgroup analysis, there was significant association in Asian population in heterozygote model (C1C2 vs C1C1: OR = 0.85, 95% CI = 0.78–0.94, P = 0.001), dominant model (C1C2/C2C2 vs C1C1: OR = 0.88, 95% CI = 0.81–0.95, P = 0.001), and recessive model (C2C2 vs C1C2/C1C1: OR = 1.25, 95% CI = 1.01–1.53, P = 0.036).CYP2E1 Rsa I/Pst I gene polymorphism may reduce the risk of respiratory system cancer. Furthermore, significant association was also found in Asian populations.

Mortality in a cohort of cement workers in a plant of Central Italy

Workers of cement production are exposed to alkaline dust with irritant effects on the respiratory system. Most previous studies have examined workers in cement/asbestos factories, but there is limited information of the effects of exposures to Portland cement alone. The present study examines the effects of cement dust in a cohort of Portland cement workers through the analyses of their mortality records. Using the records of a cement plant, we reconstructed the work history of all 748 male employees between 1956 and 2006. SMRs were computed for overall mortality and for specific causes of death for the cohort compared with the reference population. The analysis was also performed by subdividing the cohort in low- and high-exposure groups on the basis of the task of the worker and the length of his exposure. The overall mortality of the cohort (SMR = 0.87) as well as the mortality from all cancers (SMR = 0.64) and from cancers of the respiratory system (SMR = 0.56) was significantly lower compared to the reference population. Workers of the cement plant with higher exposures did not have an increased mortality risk from any cause. The only significantly elevated risk observed among these workers was for cancer of the respiratory system (SMR = 2.86), exclusively in the small subgroup of 39 workers with previous exposure to a cement/asbestos plant. Portland cement workers had a statistically significant reduced risk of overall mortality and of all cancers mortality probably due to the healthy workers effect. The study confirmed an increased risk of respiratory system cancer only in the subgroup with previous work exposure in a cement/asbestos plant.

Pharmaceutical Production Workers and the Risks of Mortality From Respiratory System Cancer and Lymphatic and Hematopoietic Tissue Cancers

To evaluate further elevated mortality risks from respiratory system cancer (RSC) and lymphatic and hematopoietic tissue cancers (LHTC) in a cohort of 1466 male workers employed full-time in pharmaceutical production. We computed standardized mortality ratios, and in nested case-control studies of RSC and LHTC, evaluated mortality risks by plant exposures with adjustment for potential confounding factors. Subjects with potential plant exposure had no elevated RSC risk and a statistically significant LHTC excess. The case-control study found many RSC risks reduced with adjustment for smoking, and LHTC risks increased with increasing levels of average exposure to dimethyl-formamide. RSC mortality risks decreased, and we found limited evidence that positive confounding by smoking may explain some remaining excess risks. For LHTC, increased mortality risks and exposure-response patterns in the case-control study may indicate a possible workplace association.

Historical cohort study of U.S. man-made vitreous fiber production workers IX: summary of 1992 mortality follow up and analysis of respiratory system cancer among female workers.

We report the 1946-1992 mortality experience of 4008 females employed in any of 10 U.S. fiberglass manufacturing plants between 1945 and 1978 relative to external population rates. We also examine respiratory system cancer (RSC) mortality as a function of estimated exposure to respirable fibers (RFib), formaldehyde (FOR), silica, phenolics, urea, and other agents based on internal cohort comparisons. No statistically significantly elevated standardized mortality ratios were observed for all-cause mortality (930 deaths), any of the 25 nonmalignant causes considered, all malignant neoplasms (266 deaths), or any of the 27 malignant causes considered. Internal cohort comparisons revealed no significant positive associations between RSC mortality (53 cases) and exposure to RFib, FOR, or any of the other agents considered, although exposure levels were generally low. Some demographic subgroups appear to be at relatively increased risk of RSC.

Does Fiber Glass Pose a Respiratory System Cancer Risk in Humans? Latest Findings from the US Cohort and Nested Case-Control Studies

We report findings to date from our 1992 follow-up of the US fiber glass (FG) worker cohort, which includes 32110 workers from 10 study plants. Key findings include: (i) in all but one study plant, a higher prevalence of ‘ever’ cigarette smoking among male FG workers compared to the US and respective state populations; (ii) cigarette smoking strongly predicts respiratory system cancer (RSC) risk, strongly confounds the comparison of RSC risk between FG workers and the general population, and weakly confounds the exposure–response relationship between respirable fiber (RFib) and RSC; (iii) an overall 7% local county rate-based mortality excess for RSC among male workers appears to be entirely explained by positive confounding by smoking; (iv) the overall risk of mesothelioma does not appear to be elevated; (v) RSC risk does not increase with increasing levels of the categorical (weighted or unweighted) or quantitative (unweighted) RFib exposure measures considered; and (vi) with the possible exception of formaldehyde and silica, no positive associations were identified between RSC risk and any of the other co-exposures considered. Our findings to date from external comparisons in the cohort study and internal comparisons in the case-control study suggest that exposure to RFib at the levels encountered in the study plants is not associated with an increased risk of RSC or mesothelioma. These findings are generally similar to our previous 1985 follow-up of the original FG cohort, and to those other cohort studies of FG production workers conducted in the US, Canada and Europe. Ongoing or planned analyses include plant-specific analyses and will consider small diameter, special-application glass fibers and possibly more sensitive measures of fiber exposure that account for such features as biopersistence and solubility.

Man-made vitreous fibers and risk of respiratory system cancer: A review of the epidemiologic evidence: Lee I-M, Hennekens CH, Trichopoulos D, Buring JE. Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 900 Commonwealth Avenue East, Boston, MA 02215. J Occup Environ Med 1995;37:725–738

Man-made vitreous fibers and risk of respiratory system cancer: A review of the epidemiologic evidence: Lee I-M, Hennekens CH, Trichopoulos D, Buring JE. Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 900 Commonwealth Avenue East, Boston, MA 02215. J Occup Environ Med 1995;37:725–738

Man-made vitreous fibers and risk of respiratory system cancer: a review of the epidemiologic evidence.

Because asbestos has been demonstrated to cause lung cancer, the issue regarding safety of other fibers, including man-made vitreous fibers (MMVF), has been raised. We reviewed the available evidence, in particular the epidemiologic data, on MMVF and the risk of respiratory system cancer. Glass fibers (especially glass wool) have been studied most extensively. Taken together, the data indicate that among those occupationally exposed, glass fibers do not appear to increase risk of respiratory system cancer. Of six studies that specifically examined rock and slag wool workers, three reported excesses in respiratory system cancer among such workers. Two of these three studies, however, did not control for cigarette smoking, a powerful predictor of such cancers. There are no published studies, in humans, of refractory ceramic fibers. Future studies evaluating the potential of MMVF to increase risk of respiratory system cancer will not add to existing knowledge if investigators do not address potential confounding by cigarette smoking and other workplace carcinogens.