Respective Religions Research Articles

Harmonisasi Lembaga Hukum Nasional dan Adat dalam Mengatasi Perkawinan Bawah Umur di Kabupaten Lingga

Marriage is everyone's right. However, the phenomenon that occurs is the practice of underage marriage, this also occurs in the indigenous community of the Orang Laut tribe in Lingga Regency. The aim of this research is to analyze the regulation of national law and customary law in dealing with underage marriage in the Orang Laut tribal community and to find a concept of legal harmonization that can resolve the practice of underage marriage. The research method used is empirical juridical. The type of data sourced from primary data is through observation and interviews as well as primary data. The basic theories used are the Theory of Legal Work and the Theory of Development Law. The results of the research state that there is a regulatory inconsistency between marriage law and child protection law. The marriage law allows for underage marriages by applying for dispensation, while Article 26 of the child protection law strictly stipulates that parents are obliged to prevent child marriages from occurring. And there is a culture of "reciprocation" which is the basis for the Sea People tribe to perpetuate the practice of underage marriage. In fact, marriages are only carried out through traditional ceremonies and according to their respective religions without applying for dispensation to the court. This means that the marriage carried out is only valid according to custom and religion and is not legally valid. Therefore, it is necessary to harmonize the law with an institutional approach in overcoming the phenomenon of underage marriage in the indigenous people of the Orang Laut tribe, Lingga Regency.

The Legality of Interfaith Marriage in Salatiga: A Perspective from Structural Functional Theory and Sadd al-Dzari'ah

Interfaith marriages in Salatiga can be legally registered without requiring either partner to adhere to the other's religion. This study aims to describe the process by which interfaith couples obtain legal recognition for their marriages in Salatiga. The research employs a qualitative method with sociological and normative approaches. The analysis is conducted using Talcott Parsons' structural-functional theory and the ushul fiqh method of saddu al-żari’ah. The findings reveal that interfaith marriage processes in Salatiga proceed smoothly due to a well-organized social system. The AGIL functions (Adaptation, Goal Attainment, Integration, Latency) are fulfilled, such as the couples’ adaptation through dual marriage ceremonies according to their respective religions, goal attainment by obtaining legally recognized marriage documents, integration through collaboration between the Percik NGO, religious leaders, and the Civil Registry Office (Disdukcapil), and latency by maintaining consistent registration policies despite changes in leadership at the Civil Registry Office. The saddu al-żari’ah approach confirms that legalizing interfaith marriages yields positive impacts, including legal protection for couples and their children, as well as clear recognition of rights and obligations. Thus, the policy of interfaith marriage registration in Salatiga not only supports social justice but also aligns with Islamic legal principles.

Religion and Culture Syncretism in the Klenik Tradition in the Javanese Community of Binjai City

<em>It has become a classic thing that culture cannot be separated from the lives of people who follow their respective religions. For us Muslims, not all cultures are in line with religious teachings. One of them is the occult tradition which is considered shirk by several Islamic figures. However, in reality, this tradition is still widely practiced by the Javanese people in Sumber Mulyo Rejo Village, Binjai City, the majority of whom are Muslim. This illustrates the syncretism between religion and culture in the occult tradition. This research aims to examine the form of syncretization of the occult tradition. In this case, the researcher uses a type of qualitative research with a phenomenological approach. The data collection tools used were observation, documentation and interviews. The data sources in this research are interviews with village elders and people who practice this tradition. From the research conducted, the results can be concluded that the syncretization process in Sumber Mulyo Rejo Village begins with occult traditions that are difficult to eradicate as well as beliefs that have been passed down from generation to generation regarding the community's understanding of these traditions. So, it can be said that the value of syncretization in this tradition lies in the procedures and forms of belief of the Javanese people in Sumber Mulyo Rejo Village towards this occult tradition, for example, they still believe in the activities of throwing salt and burning sulfur around the house to protect against the supernatural.</em>

Islam and Religious Pluralism in the Perspective of the Al-Qur'an and Tafsir Scholars

This research aims to examine the perspective of the Al-Qur'an and interpretive scholars regarding religious pluralism. This research uses a literature review method or literature research, data collection in this research uses qualitative methods. The results of this research show that religious pluralism is an understanding or view of religious pluralism. Pluralism is an understanding that respects the differences in a society and allows different groups to maintain their respective cultural diversity. The verses of the Qur'an that explain pluralism include Q.S. Al-Baqarah verse 62, and Q.S. Al-Baqarah verse 256. The Qur'an commands us to respect each other's differences, tolerate each other, help each other, and build ukhuwah within. We must also adhere to our respective religions and compete in goodness. We as Muslims may acknowledge the existence of religious plurality in this world, but only to the extent of acknowledging its existence, not its truth.

The Mediatization of Jewish–Muslim Dialogue in Germany Amid COVID-19

In the wake of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, religious organizations increasingly mediatized their activities. Studies examining this process mostly focused on communal offerings, while ignoring how rapid mediatization affected programs geared toward interfaith dialogue. This paper examines the effects and possibilities of this shift to virtual spaces by focusing on frameworks that promote Jewish–Muslim dialogue in Germany. It traces how Jews and Muslims intervene in popular discourse using social media platforms to self-define their respective religions and the relationship between them. In this process, those involved in creating virtual spaces focused on the intersectionality between gender biases and Christonormativity. This paper utilizes a broad methodological approach, including participant observation in dialogue events in virtual spaces, discursive analyses of videos and podcasts, and qualitative interviews with Jews and Muslims involved in the creation of virtual spaces. The first section discusses Jewish–Muslim encounters occurring in organized dialogue events on video communication platforms that are ephemeral in nature (no recordings). The subsequent sections analyze German-language formats that have a representative character and are streamed, recorded, and presented on social media platforms.

Kewenangan Notaris Dalam Pembuatan Akta Peralihan Hak terkait Harta Perkawinan Beda Agama

As a public official, the notary has the authority to create authentic deeds concerning joint marital property. It is the notary's responsibility to provide legal education to the parties and the public regarding legal actions related to joint property. Joint marital assets result from a valid marriage, unless there is an agreement regarding the separation of assets. A valid marriage, according to the Marriage Law, is one that is carried out in accordance with the laws of each respective religion and belief. Indonesia is a country with diverse ethnicities and religions, so it is not uncommon to find interfaith marriages. However, interfaith marriages cannot be legally registered according to the law and the country. Until the Supreme Court Circular Letter Number 2 of 2023 was issued, judges were instructed not to grant requests for registration of interfaith marriages. Keywords: notary; marital property; interfaith marriages. .

PERKAWINAN BEDA AGAMA DALAM UNDANG-UNDANG PERKAWINAN DAN HAK ASASI MANUSIA

Background. This research is motivated by differences in understanding studying the Marriage Law and Human Rights in interfaith marriages so there is an unfinished debate, this is because religious teachings do not allow interfaith marriages. As we know that in Indonesia many interfaith marriages are practiced in various ways, such as holding weddings abroad, submitting to the religion of one of the partners, court decisions, and marriages under the umbrella of non-governmental organizations. These are the efforts to legalize interfaith marriages. Aim. The refore the author is interested in studying how interfaith marriages are in Marriage Law and Human Rights. Methods. The method used in this research is library research. Regarding reading dissertations and journals that explain interfaith marriages using a descriptive approach. Results. The results of this study are that the Marriage Law and Human Rights in interfaith marriages are interconnected, where Human Rights return to the Marriage Law and the Marriage Law returns to the teachings of their respective religions. Indonesia uses the Margin of Appreciation theory in which each country has the right to determine its laws without having to follow or be based on the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UHDR). With the existence of a margin of appreciation, each individual has different rights from the national interest.

Unity or Uniformity?

On 7 February 2024, Uttarakhand government passed UCC bill which lays down uniform laws for marriage, divorce, inheritance, amongst all the religions. Though these institutions were governed by personal laws of the respective religion, but now government is trying to strike Down those customary laws and bring uniformity in the country. India being a secular state allows every individual to profess their religion under the article 25 to 29. India is well known for its concept of Unity in Diversity which means that despite of cultural and religious differences, India is one. Here all the individuals are given equal rights, and every religion is respected equally, their customs, traditions and practices are taken care of. In this article, we will discuss the repercussions of UCC, where it takes our nation and how it challenges our constitution.

Kontradiktif Perkawinan Beda Agama Perspektif Undang-Undang Perkawinan dan Undang-Undang Administrasi Kependudukan

This research aims to examine the philosophical basis for the formation of the Marriage Law and the Population Administration Law in regulating interfaith marriages. This research uses a method using study literature, namely a method by collecting data from previous research results regarding interfaith marriages and processing the data to analyze it on the philosophical basis of the Marriage Law and the Population Administration Law. The results of this research show that in the Marriage Law the existence of the Marriage Law jo. Government Regulation no. 9 of 1975. Article 2 paragraph (1) of the Marriage Law clearly stipulates that: "Marriage is valid if it is carried out according to the laws of each respective religion and belief." This means that a marriage can be categorized as a valid marriage if it is carried out according to the laws of each religion and belief of the couple entering into the marriage. Meanwhile, in the Population Administration Law, the philosophical basis is based on the Pancasila philosophy and the 1945 Constitution. The state has an obligation to provide protection and recognition for the determination and personal status and legal status of population law events and important events experienced by Indonesian citizens in the region or outside the region. Indonesia.

Analysis of Children's Mental Health in Parents of Different Religions: An Anthropological Psychological Perspective

Based on religious differences between couples pose challenges in parenting, so this study aims to find cultural diversity and parenting in families of other religions, psychological impacts and mental health on children from families of different faiths, and the integration of psychological anthropology in the care of children of families of different religions. This qualitative research explores issues or mental problems experienced by children in forming their character. The study found that parenting families of other faiths has a positive value for their children's development. Parenting practices are based on cultural traditions, ethnic values, and family habits passed down from generation to generation, as well as the influence of parenting on the emotional, social, and cognitive development of children who apply parenting strategies such as authoritative, overprotective, and permissive that do not carry elements of their respective religions. In addition, it also found integration in the care of children through practices such as tolerance, politeness, helpfulness, honesty, friendliness, empathy, and sympathy. The impact of mental health on their parenting can be prevented by implementing inclusive parenting that emphasizes the practice of cultural diversity, values, and beliefs in their family environment. Hopefully, these findings can provide an essential understanding of the religious differences that affect the upbringing of children of different faith families, providing insight for anthropology and psychology practitioners on the importance of understanding aspects of religion in supporting child development.

ACTION DIALOGUE IN CTRS ECO BHINNEKA MUHAMMADIYAH IN MAINTAINING HARMONY THROUGH ENVIRONMENTAL PRESERVATION IN THE CITY OF PONTIANAK

The purpose of this study is to determine the form, foundation, and implications of the action dialogue on Cycling to Religious Sites carried out by Eco Bhinneka Muhammadiyah in maintaining harmony through environmental preservation in Pontianak City. The research method used is a qualitative approach with a descriptive-analysis type. The source of data used in this study was found by being a participant observer and interviews with regional managers, field staff, and Eco Bhinneka managers representing their respective religions. Then some terms of reference documents, proposals, documentation on social media, and activity documentation. Based on the results of data analysis, it was found that religion has an important role as a unifier in religious communities in Pontianak. The holding of an action dialogue at Cycling to Religious Sites (CTRS) can be declared capable of realizing harmony through environmental conservation in Pontianak City. The implementation of these actions is in the form of visits to houses of worship, giving plant seeds, providing sorting bins, and free health checks. Then considering that Eco Bhinneka courtiers come from interfaith youths, they have a theological foundation, and also a social basis looking at the current condition of society. Furthermore, these activities have implications for harmony and environmental preservation by increasing the intensity of interaction by visiting houses of worship and the interaction is more ecological as evidenced by Greening in the environment of houses of worship by being given dozens of plant seeds.

Pluralisme Agama dan Toleransi dalam Islamic Wordview

Understanding the differences is not something easy. To do so requires a spaciousness of heart in understanding the difference. If the difference is only due to physical factors, then it is still easy to understand. However, if the difference is related to religious beliefs and beliefs, it is certainly not easy. How should one understand that there are beliefs that he considers to be heretical or forbidden teachings and that these teachings must be tolerated because of human factors. Religion has always taught absolute truths that cannot be negotiable. Every religion teaches about that absolute truth. The truth of Islam is absolute. So are other religions. So when each religion teaches absolute truth, it is very likely that conflicts will occur due to the absolution of the teachings of their respective religions. To understand the difference, there is only one fundamental thing, namely that man was created by Allah Almighty. in diversity. Understanding differences thus does not mean putting these differences in a container and melting into one, but there are still differences, we must realize that differences are not to be eliminated but used as partners to strengthen each other. So by understanding that differences do not have to be eliminated, then we have actually worked to understand those differences and make them a strength to work together.

Christianization, Islamization, and Judaization in Jerusalem

Throughout its history, the region of the Middle East has been marked by significant religious transformations, including the processes of Christianization, Islamization, and Judaization. Jerusalem, as a city sacred to the main religions of the Abrahamic faiths, stands as a compelling case study for examining these processes, given its unique holiness and the historical confrontations among these religions in the region. This study introduces Jerusalem as a focal point for analyzing the dynamics of each of these processes, tracing the emergence of the first communities of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam within this city. Through this examination, the study underscores both the similarities and differences among these transformative processes that unfolded in Jerusalem. The historical timeline of these processes in Jerusalem reveals that Christianization was the earliest to be implemented during Roman rule, followed by Islamization in the Medieval age, and, finally, Judaization in the modern era, which continues to the present day. Each of these processes can be distinguished by two distinct stages of application in Jerusalem, each leaving its impact on the city's demographics, resulting in the dominance of the majority population associated with the respective religion. Moreover, these transformations were accompanied by significant shifts in language, reflecting the cultural changes that took place. In addition to demographic and linguistic shifts, this study delves into other similarities and differences, shedding light on the evolution of Jerusalem's religious identity. Jerusalem serves as an illustrative example for other cities in the Middle East that have experienced religious shifts primarily linked to the Abrahamic faiths, showcasing the complex interplay of history, religion, and culture in shaping the identity of these cities over time.

State High School Religious Education Teachers ‘Strategies in Minimizing the Occupation of Interreligious Marriages in the Regency of North Minahasa

Marriage is said to be valid in the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia if it is performed according to their respective religions as regulated in Law Number 16 of 2019 amendment to Law Number 1 of 1974 Concerning Marriage, in Article 2 paragraph (1) which reads "Marriage is lawful, if it is carried out according to the laws of each religion and belief.” However, in reality, there are also many interfaith marriages, either through marriages abroad or through efforts to find legal loopholes. If there are interfaith marriages, this occurs partly due to a lack of knowledge and education when the perpetrators of the marriage are still in school. This research seeks to see the strategies used by Islamic Religious Education teachers in North Minahasa Regency which are considered successful in minimizing the occurrence of interfaith marriages in this region. This research is field research with a qualitative approach and is descriptive-analytical. The results showed that the success of PAI teachers in minimizing interfaith marriages was by implementing two main strategies, namely broadening students' horizons and monitoring and guidance. In broadening students' insights, debgab teaches the concept of responsibility and students' abilities before marriage, explaining religious and government rules that must be obeyed so they are not seen as violating. Meanwhile, the monitoring and guidance strategy is carried out in a limited way for students who are seen as having an affair through dating in the environment of students who are of different religions by identifying the factors that cause this relationship. From the research, it is known that if interfaith marriages occur, then environmental factors are very dominant even though there are also family and behavioral factors but not too significant.

Christian-Muslim Relations in the Second Half of 19th Century India in View of Syed Nāṣir-ul-Dīn Muḥammad Abūlmanṣūr Dehlvī (d. 1903)

The current study examined the nature of Christian-Muslim relationships in 19th-century India. It is argued that their relationships were largely shaped in the context of the polemical debates that were developed to defend the teachings and tenets of their respective religions. Syed Nāṣir-ul-Dīn Muḥammad Abūlmanṣūr Dehlvī (d. 1903) was a polemical Muslim writer who wrote approximately 25 books in the refutation of Christianity. He also defended the religion of Islam; however, his work remains in oblivion. The primary objective of the current research was to analyse Dehlvī's major works dedicated to refute Christianity and to assess their significance. This research holds importance under two key reasons. Firstly, it sheds light on the nature of Christian-Muslim relationships during the 19th century and secondly, it highlights the significance of Muslim writings about other religions, particularly Christianity, in the modern world. The research concluded that while the polemical technique, due to its confrontational aspect, may no longer be the primary method of religious studies. The texts, however, generated through this approach can still be significant resources for students and academics since they offer opportunities for critical thinking, historical investigation, and a better understanding of intricate relationships that exist between religious traditions. Therefore, polemical writings play a significant role in advancing the academic knowledge in the field of religious studies.

Criticizing the Verdict of 916/Pdt.P/2022/PN.Sby Surabaya District Court Against Interfaith Marriage from the Perspective of Marriage Law in Indonesia

This article is based on a critical review of Court Decision No. 916/Pdt.P/2022/PN.Sby, which recognizes the validity of interfaith marriages in Indonesia. This decision is different from the provisions of the marriage law in force in Indonesia. Indonesia has regulated that marriages can be carried out according to their respective religions. This article aims to critically analyze Court Decision No. 916/Pdt.P/2022/PN.Sby. This research is a normative juridical study with a case approach. The main data sources are obtained from court decisions and marriage laws. To strengthen data analysis, this article also uses several articles and research resulting from empirical studies. This paper argues that: Firstly, interfaith marriages are prohibited in Islamic law because they contain more harm than good; this prohibition merely closes the opportunity for bad impacts to occur after the marriage; and second, the decision issued by the Surabaya District Court Judge was inappropriate because it conflicted with positive law and Islamic law. Legally, the judge may refuse to grant permission based on Article 2 paragraph (1) of the Law on Marriage and the Compilation of Islamic Law (KHI). In this decision, the judge has a different interpretation of the marriage regulations that apply in Indonesia.

Analisis Tingkat Toleransi dan Menghargai Perbedaan Dalam Konteks Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan di SMPN 35 Medan

Citizenship education has a very important role in developing the attitudes and behavior of citizens who are tolerant, respect differences, and are able to communicate well with people from different backgrounds. Tolerance is a necessity to practice Pancasila values ​​as much as possible and ensure good relations between Indonesian people. Tolerance between religious communities means having the freedom to worship according to their respective religions and beliefs. There are no mutual prohibitions on practicing the worship they adhere to. This research uses descriptive qualitative methods by collecting data by conducting direct interviews. This research shows the importance of maintaining harmony, providing ethics in the opinions of other groups, upholding humanitarian principles and so on, which are expected to be able to bring glory to the country.

The Importance of Halal Certificates in Halal Food Using the Digital Platform

The world's fast progress, particularly in the realm of technology, necessitates the adaptation of diverse sectors to current developments. The COVID-19 epidemic has had a minimal influence on communal activities as a result of the Indonesian government's strategy of imposing large-scale social restrictions. Restrictions have an influence not just on the major company sector, but also on the small and medium enterprise (MSME) sector. The COVID-19 epidemic has become a new issue for MSMEs in the midst of business innovation rivalry and the need to think of other solutions to continue selling, even if only from home. The fast evolution of digital technology is the outcome of efforts to fulfill human life's requirements. The basic essentials of existence are food. According to Article 29 of the Republic of Indonesia's 1945 Constitution, "the State guarantees every citizen to embrace their respective religions and to worship according to their religion and beliefs." As a result, the state is obligated to give assurances and safeguards for the halalness of the items ingested. The Halal Product Assurance Agency (BPJPH) of the Ministry of Religion of the Republic of Indonesia provides product halal assurance by offering free halal certification (self-declaration) services. According to the outcomes of the conversation, the government has established a strategy to increase halal certification through the halal self-declaration program. The initiative is still in its early stages and requires extensive socialization across all divisions of industry, particularly among those who utilize digital platforms.

Konsep Kafa’ah Dalam Hukum Islam dan Urgensinya terhadap Keutuhan Rumah Tangga Sakinah Menurut Pandangan Wahbah Az-Zuhaili

Kafaah in marriage is one of the factors that encourage the creation of happiness and more guarantees women's safety from husband and wife failure and more guarantees women's safety from failure or household turmoil. Based on the research results, first Jumhur ulama' explained that the concept of kafa'ah is not evaluated in terms of religion alone, but in Islamic Law, kafa'ah is measured from religious matters. The Compilation of Islamic Law (KHI) in determining the kafa'ah of marriage is more judgmental in terms of religion. Prevention of marriage can be done in certain matters that are discussed through KHI Article 60 Paragraph, second, that is prevention of marriage can be done if the prospective husband or prospective wife does not meet the requirements of marriage according to the law and Islamic law, because one of the content of the conditions of marriage is both couples are said to be valid when done in accordance with the laws of their respective religions. Third, the concept of kafa'ah of Wahbah Az-Zuhaili's view is in line with Imam Malik's opinion, which considers equality only in religion and conditions. The meaning of this condition is to be safe from the shame that makes a woman choose a candidate when she wants to get married. Wahbah Az-Zuhaili analyzed it in accordance with daily life in the community, 3) things that can affect the occurrence of harmony in the household, namely between husband and wife having compatibility. Harmony and happiness in a household is determined by the harmony of the couple. Keywords: Kafa'ah, Islamic Law, Urgency, Household Integrity, Wahbah Az-Zuhaili

Membangun Argumentasi Prinsip-Prinsip Moderasi Beragama Dalam Perspektif Al-Quran

The current radicalism and extremism became the background for the initiation of the theory of religious moderation. In the Indonesian context, religious moderation is highly emphasized and has even become a program apart from the Ministry of Religion of the Republic of Indonesia. Along with these developments, the author is interested in studying religious moderation in interpreting the Koran using thematic methods. The results of the research concluded that the Koran aims to do good to each other among fellow believers and act fairly towards them, build friendships, respect other people's religions, not incite other religions, and carry out the teachings of their respective religions and religions and not disturb them. These things can be used as principles that must be applied in building religious moderation in Indonesia.