Transfer Of Resources Research Articles

Distribution of the impact of monetary and fiscal policy instruments by technological modes and sectors of the economy

The subject of the study is the impact of monetary and fiscal policy instruments on the functioning of the structural elements of the economy, represented by sectors and technological structures. The purpose of the paper is to establish how the monetary and individual fiscal policy instruments influenced the structure of the Russian economy. The methodology consists of the “distributed control” doctrine, which modifies Tinbergen’s principle of “goals-instruments” of macroeconomic policy, since it allows to reveal the unequal power of the instrument by objects of economy, structural and empirical analysis, correlation-regression analysis, with which it is possible to show a picture of the distributed influence of monetary and fiscal policy instruments. A general algorithm of research and application of the doctrine of “distributed management” at the macroeconomic level are developed — by technological structures and economic sectors, which made it possible to obtain a picture of the distribution of the influence of monetary policy on economic objects, to identify the significance of individual fiscal policy instruments. The general result of the research is that the doctrine of “distributed management” used not only modifies the classical theory of economic policy, but also confirms that, in addition to the economic structure, the impact structure of standard monetary and fiscal policy instruments arises. The distribution of the most significant instruments of monetary and fiscal policy by technology and three sectors of the Russian economy to ensure its growth in the period 2011–2021 are obtained. It was found that the development of high-level processing and technological modes were more influenced by monetary than budgetary instruments, and the transfer of resources to the national welfare fund hindered their development. Fiscal policy measures — revenues, expenditures, budget deficit/surplus — did not have an equal impact on the development of the considered sectors of the economy. The prospect of further research is to develop a software module that includes ongoing analysis and automates calculations based on available statistics to change of monetary and fiscal policy measures in Russia aimed at developing the manufacturing sector and high-tech.

Contribution of the Algerian water management strategy to the agricultural sector of Setif province

Purpose. This study aims to examine the water resource management and transfers in Setif province, Algeria, focusing on their impact on agriculture and economic development. The study aims to understand the effectiveness of implemented strategies such as water transfer, dam construction, seawater desalination and desert water use in optimizing water resources and improving water availability.
 Results. The study found that the implementation of water resource transfer in Setif province has led to increase in the supply of drinking water, establishment of industrial complexes, and increased food security. The expansion of irrigated land and significant growth in crop production demonstrate the positive outcomes of this water transfer. However, challenges remain, such as the need to promote modern irrigation techniques, preserve water quality, and address environmental concerns.
 Scientific novelty. This research contributes to the understanding of water management in Algeria by providing insights into the experiences and lessons learned from Setif province. The study highlights the importance of adopting contemporary irrigation techniques, raising farmers’ awareness regarding wise exploitation of water resources, and solving water quality problems.
 Practical value. The findings of this study offer valuable insights for effective water resource management in Algeria and beyond. The results of the study from Setif province can help to develop and implement water management strategies in other regions, ultimately contributing to improved agricultural production, economic development, and long-term sustainability in the sector.

Indian dairy cooperative development: A combination of scaling up and scaling out producing a center-periphery structure

Our spatialized analysis of the development of Indian dairy cooperatives from 1995 to 2015 contributes both theoretically and empirically to research on inclusive business (IB) and development. We emphasize the degrees of inclusiveness through the distinction between scaling out and scaling up by using quantitative data related to business evolution during this period. We determine that the diversification of cooperative activities upstream and downstream combined with the preservation of smallholder access is a good indicator of IBs and inclusive ecosystems and, therefore, of scaling up. In contrast, while northern and eastern states have only low-level collection activities, the spatial concentration of large and diversified cooperatives in western Indian states shows a center-periphery structure, with scaling up taking place only in the center. The transfer of resources from mature to emerging cooperatives appears to be crucial, with consequences for both business model design and public intervention.

Mechanisms of equality and inequality in mammalian societies.

The extent of (in)equality is highly diverse across species of social mammals, but we have a poor understanding of the factors that produce or inhibit equitable social organizations. Here, we adopt a comparative evolutionary perspective to test whether the evolution of social dominance hierarchies, a measure of social inequality in animals, exhibits phylogenetic conservatism and whether interspecific variation in these traits can be explained by sex, age or captivity. We find that hierarchy steepness and directional consistency evolve rapidly without any apparent constraint from evolutionary history. Given this extraordinary variability, we next consider multiple factors that have evolved to mitigate social inequality. Social networks, coalitionary support and knowledge transfer advantage to privilege some individuals over others. Nutritional access and prenatal stressors can impact the development of offspring, generating health disparities with intergenerational consequences. Intergenerational transfer of material resources (e.g. stone tools, food stashes, territories) advantage those who receive. Nonetheless, many of the same social species that experience unequal access to food (survival) and mates (reproduction) engage in levelling mechanisms such as food sharing, adoption, revolutionary coalitions, forgiveness and inequity aversion. Taken together, mammals rely upon a suite of mechanisms of (in)equality to balance the costs and benefits of group living. This article is part of the theme issue 'Evolutionary ecology of inequality'.

The effects of time pressure on audit fees

This study investigates whether time pressure on the audit increases the cost of professional audit services. From 2003 to 2006, filing deadlines were shortened for accelerated filers (AFs) and large accelerated filers (LAFs) by 15 and 30 days, respectively, under the SEC's accelerated filing regulation. Time-pressure engagements are identified as those whose audit report dates in the year prior to implementation fell after the new deadlines. Comparing time-pressure AFs to control engagements, findings show no significant difference in audit fee adjustments during implementation. Looking at time-pressure LAFs, findings show evidence of fee decreases. Findings counter common criticism of the regulation and suggest available slack, where significant additional audit effort was not required to meet the new deadlines. Evidence points to resource transfers to (from) time-pressure (control) engagements during the first acceleration, and increasing reliance on internal controls of time-pressure LAFs during the second acceleration, as strategies used by auditors. Additional analyses document decreases to audit quality on time-pressure AFs but maintained quality on time-pressure LAFs.

Are natural resources a blessing or a curse for scientific and technical research in Africa?

The objective of this study is to assess the effect of natural resource rents on scientific and technical research in 51 African countries during the period 2000–2020. The results show that the natural resource curse hypothesis in the African research sector is valid. Natural resources that delay more scientific performance are minerals, forest and oil. For this reason, African countries should develop strategies that ensure the transfer of resources from the extractive sectors to the research sector. This transfer of resources requires the existence of good institutions, such as the definition, the protection of property rights and the regulation of the research sector. It also requires well-trained human capital. For instance, African countries need to equip their universities with appropriate infrastructure and define good laws that regulate the promotion of teachers.

Explore the Complex Interaction between Green Investment and Green Ecology: Evaluation from Spatial Econometric Models and China’s Provincial Panel Data

From the economic perspective, China has made remarkable progress, yet environmental concerns represent an alarm to the country’s long-term prosperity. The associated relationship between green investment and the green economy has important implications for the environment. Whether there is an interactive relationship between green investment and green ecology, current views seem to be at odds with each other. This paper employs a panel vector autoregressive model to construct an empirical analysis of China’s provincial panel data from 2005 to 2019. Specifically, generalized moment estimation, impulse response function, variance decomposition, and other measurement methods were applied to study the interaction between green investment and green ecological development. The research results show the following: (1) the inertial development of the green investment system seriously restricts the progress of green investment levels, and the long-term development of green ecology has a significant self-reinforcing trend; (2) the two-way interaction between green investment and green ecology shows a positive spillover effect in the short term, but the positive effect gradually weakens in the long run; (3) the impact of green ecology on green investment is most significant in the interactive relationship, and the positive effect of green ecology on green investment in the western region is the most prominent. Therefore, the government should standardize green investment standards and use policy guidance to promote the regional transfer of green investment and green ecological resources. Financial institutions should appropriately lower the financing threshold for polluting enterprises and municipal construction and leverage more social funds to flow into long-term green technologies and green industries. Companies should raise awareness of environmental disclosure, ban outdated production capacity, and transition to cleaner production models to secure green funding.

Is the Social Safety Net a Long-Term Investment? Large-Scale Evidence From the Food Stamps Program.

We use novel, large-scale data on 17.5 million Americans to study how a policy-driven increase in economic resources affects children's long-term outcomes. Using the 2000 Census and 2001-13 American Community Survey linked to the Social Security Administration's NUMIDENT, we leverage the county-level rollout of the Food Stamps program between 1961 and 1975. We find that children with access to greater economic resources before age five have better outcomes as adults. The treatment-on-the-treated effects show a 6% of a standard deviation improvement in human capital, 3% of a standard deviation increase in economic self-sufficiency, 8% of a standard deviation increase in the quality of neighbourhood of residence, a 1.2-year increase in life expectancy, and a 0.5 percentage-point decrease in likelihood of being incarcerated. These estimates suggest that Food Stamps' transfer of resources to families is a highly cost-effective investment in young children, yielding a marginal value of public funds of approximately sixty-two.

Strategic energy flows in input‐output relations: A temporal multilayer approach

AbstractThe energy consumption, the transfer of resources through the international trade, the transition towards renewable energies and the environmental sustainability appear as key drivers in order to evaluate the resilience of the energy systems. Concerning the consumptions, in the literature a great attention has been paid to direct energy, but the production of goods and services also involves indirect energy. Hence, in this work we consider different types of embodied energy sources and the time evolution of the sectors' and countries' interactions. Flows are indeed used to construct a directed and weighted temporal multilayer network based respectively on renewable and non‐renewable sources, where sectors are nodes and layers are countries. We provide a methodological approach for analysing the network reliability and resilience and for identifying critical sectors and economies in the system by applying the Multi‐Dimensional HITS algorithm. Then, we evaluate central arcs in the network at each time period by proposing a novel topological indicator based on the maximum flow problem. In this way, we provide a full view of economies, sectors and connections that play a relevant role over time in the network and whose removal could heavily affect the stability of the system. We provide a numerical analysis based on the embodied energy flows among countries and sectors in the period from 1990 to 2016. Results prove that the methods are effective in catching the different patterns between renewable and non‐renewable energy sources.

Sulfur stable isotopes as a tracer of insect migration and consumption by fish predators

Resource flows between freshwater ecosystems can greatly affect foodweb dynamics. The seasonal movement of a family of aquatic insects, water boatmen, or corixids (Hemiptera: Corixidae) represents an important transfer of resources between wetland and river ecosystems. Corixids migrate en masse from wetlands in the North American prairies to rivers every autumn to overwinter. In the North and South Saskatchewan rivers, Saskatchewan, Canada, several fish species prey upon these migratory corixids. Here, we examined the utility of the stable isotope ratio of sulfur, δ34S, in tracing the migration of corixids between wetlands and the North and South Saskatchewan rivers. We also assessed the extent to which riverine fish use migratory corixids as a dietary subsidy. We found that both corixids and other wetland invertebrates exhibited a mean δ34S value of −10.5 ± 5.8‰, lower than riverine invertebrates at −4.1 ± 4.1‰. Specifically, riverine invertebrates from the South Saskatchewan River were more depleted in 34S than those from the North Saskatchewan River, with means of −5.1 ± 4.1‰ and −1.4 ± 2.8‰, respectively. In summer, corixid-feeing and noncorixid-feeding fish exhibited similar δ34S values in liver tissue, whereas in spring and autumn, corixid feeders exhibited more negative δ34S values. Isotope mixing models indicated that corixid-feeding species may have derived 34 to 65% of liver tissue from wetland sources in spring, 15 to 34% in summer, and 41 to 78% in autumn, whereas contributions to noncorixid-feeding species ranged from 4 to 17% across all seasons. We conclude that δ34S has the potential to trace insect movement and consumer use between isotopically distinct freshwater systems.

The ability of financial support of the educational sphere in the process of financial decentralization of the region: economic and legal aspect

The article considers the possibility of optional implementation of financial and educational decentralization approaches in Ukraine. The strategic role of CMU Order No. 333-r dated April 1, 2014 on the approval of the Concept of Reforming Local Self-Government and Territorial Organization of Power in Ukraine as a conceptual measure of financial and educational transformations is outlined. The legal status and legal options of educational self-government at the level of OTG are defined in accordance with the national "normative basis of decentralization": the Law of Ukraine "On the Voluntary Association of Territorial Communities" No. 157-VIII, the Law of Ukraine "On the Principles of State Regional Policy" No. 156-VIII, etc., as well as relevant legislation (the Law of Ukraine "On Education" No. 2145- VIII of the Law of Ukraine "On Higher Education" No. 1556-VII, etc.).
 A terminological distinction between the concepts of "power decentralization" and "financial decentralization of the region" is proposed. The problem of budgetary and educational provision of scientific and educational facilities is conceptualized spheres in Ukraine through the prism of the Budget Code of Ukraine No. 2456-VI.
 Examples of foreign decentralization-educational (management and financial) support are presented and implementation methods of its application in Ukraine are proposed.
 The ideological problem is that the decentralization of power presupposes, among other things, the financial independence of the region (one of the principles of decentralization is the transfer of resources from the ODF to the OMS), and the issue of its provision is problematic for a country that is used to building financial and economic relations by the "vertical" principle, i.e. "from top to bottom".
 Taking into account the dependent connection of the educational sphere in Ukraine on the accompanying and sectoral legislation, such trends, without having a direct impact on the volume and expenditure mechanisms of scientific and educational support from the State Budget of Ukraine, create a precedent of institutional and jurisdictional inconsistency.
 The issue of financial support for higher education and directly – institutions of higher education (HEIs) has several problems, among which “financing of expenses for the maintenance of HEIs, not the actual cost of the educational process” stands out; calculation of budget transfers only in the amount of "educational needs" (without cultural and sports and social assistance initiatives of the development and education self-government); inadequate financial and logistical support of vocational education as a subcomponent and pregenerator of higher education in Ukraine.

Credit and Investment support for the development of Ukraine’s agricultural and economy sector

One of the key problems of the modern agricultural sector of the national economy is the achievement of stable economic growth. In this context, the system of credit and investment support occupies the main place in the expanded reproduction of this priority industry for the economy of Ukraine. The research aims to review the main trends in credit and investment provision of the agrarian sector of the national economy and to determine further investigations in this direction. It has been established that for the formation of an effective system of credit and investment support for the agricultural sector, it is necessary to consider such positions as the influence of bank lending and climate shocks on the investment decisions of farmers, global and regional trends in the direction of the gross accumulation of fixed capital and fixed assets in agriculture, mechanisms for fixing conditions for the transfer of investment resources for use by agro-industrial companies, financial inequality between the urbanized and rural areas. It has been proven that bank lending is the key tool in all forms of credit and investment support for the agricultural sector. This is especially true during the period of martial law in Ukraine. Using the method of economic and mathematical modelling, it can be argued that bank lending is a strategic financial resource in the formation of credit and investment support for the agricultural sector. A system of credit and investment support is proposed, which is primarily based on the improvement of the system of state regulation of the agrarian sector. It has been proven that to increase the level of effectiveness of the system of credit and investment provision of the agricultural sector, attention should be paid to such an instrument as project financing and a review of the very structural composition of the state regulation of agricultural production, considering the practice of European Union. Such approaches can be used by state authorities when developing a strategy for the development of the agrarian sector in the conditions of martial law and the post-war period, as well as making infrastructural changes in the process of interaction between the banking and agrarian sectors of the national economy

Coordinated development of regional resources, environment, and economic growth under the background of low-carbon economy

IntroductionAt present, the rapid growth of social and economic development has also brought great challenges to the development of regional resources and environment. With the deepening of the concept of sustainable development, the coordinated development of regional resources, environment and economic growth has attracted more and more attention. The coordinated development of resources, environment and economic growth is not only the engine of industrial growth, but also the accelerator to promote industrial transfer and optimal allocation of resources, which has injected a strong impetus into social development. However, with the continuous upgrading of the industrial structure, environmental pollution, unbalanced economic development, resource shortage and other problems have gradually emerged in various important development areas.MethodsIn order to effectively solve this dilemma, this paper takes the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region (BTH) as an example, based on the analysis of the current situation of the economic and environmental development of BTH region and the influencing factors, combined with the background of low-carbon economy (LCE), effectively studies the coordinated development of its resources, environment and economic growth. In order to verify the effectiveness of low-carbon economic development, this paper, based on the actual development data of BTH region, tests the three dimensions of economic benefit index, environmental benefit index and emission reduction efficiency index.ResultsThe results show that the average environmental benefit index of 13 cities in the BTH region after the implementation of the target is about 0.457. The average benefit index before the implementation of the target was about 0.449.DiscussionFrom the final results of the test, it can be seen that the development of low-carbon economy has strong feasibility for promoting the coordinated development of regional resources, environment and economic growth.

A heuristic solution framework for the resource-constrained multi-aircraft scheduling problem with transfer of resources and aircraft

Efficient and feasible flight deck operation scheduling plan is of great significance for improving the sortie rate of carrier aircraft. Oxygen filling, fueling, and other operations of each carrier aircraft are executed in the pre-flight preparation stage. Different personnel, support equipments, and supply resources, are required while different operations are being executed. To date, most approaches proposed in the literature are based on the unrealistic assumption that the transfer process of carrier aircraft can be ignored. To close this gap, the resource-constrained multi-aircraft scheduling problem on the flight deck is examined in this study. The main contributions of the study are as follows. First, by considering the transfer process of aircraft on the flight deck operations, the model formulation of resource-constrained multi-aircraft scheduling problem is established. Second, the parallel and serial scheduling framework are proposed, where parking spot priority rules and resource allocation rules are presented to select the most suitable resources. Third, a modified genetic programming algorithm is presented for obtaining efficient activity priority rules. Fourth, the well-performed scheduling framework, priority rules, and allocation rules are selected by conducting computational experiments. Furthermore, experiment results show that the parallel scheduling framework outperforms the serial framework in most experiments (average outperformance is 10.19%), and the parking spot priority rules slightly affect the serial scheduling framework.

In Memoriam: Mats Morell

In Memoriam: Mats Morell

Pengaruh Pertumbuhan Ekonomi, Pengangguran dan Indeks Pembangunan Manusia Terhadap Kemiskinan di Provinsi Kalimantan Tengah

The purpose of this study is to identify and analyze the impact of economic growth, unemployment and the Human Development Index on poverty levels in Central Kalimantan. Survey data is a quantitative research method using a descriptive data approach and can be obtained from search engines such as BPS and other online data providers. There is a correlation between the Human Development Index (IPM) and the poverty rate in Central Kalimantan Province which shows that the poverty rate increases with every increase in the HDI. Estimates for other causes are constant. In addition, to reduce unemployment through vocational training programs, increase the transfer of personal wealth or human resources needed to build infrastructure to increase employment and provide them with social support

Development-Induced Displacement in India and the Tribal Rights: A Quest for Social Justice

Human population displacement from natural environments has a variety of socio-economic consequences. Displacement induced by larger projects has resulted in a transfer of resources from the marginalized to the more privileged sections of society in India’s development paradigm. Mega Projects like dams, Infrastructure, and Industries, in particular, subject certain sections of society and make them sufferers of development, primarily tribals who never receive the benefits of this kind of economic development. It would be apt to generalize that the size of the development project is directly proportional to its impact on tribals. Development initiatives have disproportionately impacted tribal people. This article aims to delve deeper into the impact of displacement on tribal communities’ livelihoods. It will identify the most pressing issues they confront due to development-induced displacement and rehabilitation. A study by the Centre for Policy Research concerning land rights reflects that nearly 55% of people have been displaced, citing reasons for developing industrial projects and dam building since independence. A detailed literature review was done by using major database like Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar.

VanityX: An Agile 3D Rendering Platform Supporting Mixed Reality

VanityX is a prototype, low-level, real-time 3D rendering and computing platform. Unlike most XR solutions, which integrate several commercial and/or open-source products, such as game engines, XR libraries, runtime, and services, VanityX is a platform ready to adapt to any business domain including anthropology and medicine. The design, architecture, and implementation are presented, which are based on CPU and GPU asymmetric multiprocessing with explicit synchronization and collaboration of parallel tasks and a predictable transfer of pipeline resources between processors. The VanityX API is based on DirectX 12 and native programming languages C++20 and HLSL 6, which, in conjunction with explicit parallel processing, the asynchronous loading and explicit managing of graphic resources, and effective algorithms, results in great performance and resource utilization close to metal. Surface-based rendering, direct volume rendering (DVR), and mixed reality (MR) on the HoloLens 2 immersive headset are currently supported. Our MR applications are directly compiled and deployed to HoloLens 2 allowing for better programming experiences and software engineering practices such as testing, debugging, and profiling. The VanityX server provides various computational and rendering services to its clients running on HoloLens 2. The use and test cases are in many business domains including anthropology and medicine. Our future research challenges will primarily, via the MetaverseMed project, focus on opening new opportunities for implementing innovative MR-based scenarios in medical procedures, especially in education, diagnostics, and surgical operations.

Transaction decision optimization of new electricity market based on virtual power plant participation and Stackelberg game.

This study intends to optimize the trading decision-making strategy of the new electricity market with virtual power plants and improve the transmission efficiency of electricity resources. The current problems in China's power market are analyzed from the perspective of virtual power plants, highlighting the necessity of reforming the power industry. The generation scheduling strategy is optimized in light of the market transaction decision based on the elemental power contract to enhance the effective transfer of power resources in virtual power plants. Ultimately, value distribution is balanced through virtual power plants to maximize the economic benefits. After 4 hours of simulation, the experimental data shows that 75 MWh of electricity is generated by the thermal power system, 100 MWh by the wind power system, and 200 MWh by the dispatchable load system. Comparatively, the new electricity market transaction model based on the virtual power plant has an actual generation capacity of 250MWh. In addition, the daily load power of the models of thermal power generation, wind power generation, and virtual power plant reported here are compared and analyzed. For a 4-hour simulation run, the thermal power generation system can provide 600 MW of load power, the wind power generation system can provide 730 MW of load power, and the virtual power plant-based power generation system can provide up to 1200 MW of load power. Therefore, the power generation performance of the model reported here is better than other power models. This study can potentially encourage a revised transaction model for the power industry market.

Особливості розвитку фондової біржі Ірландії під час пандемії covid-19 і повномасштабного вторгнення російської армії на суверену територію України

Abstract. Introduction. The market of securities is an important component of the financial market. Undoubtedly, the stock market is one of the most important parts of the economy of any country. With its help, the transfer of investment resources and capital from one branch to another is carried out, that is, there is automatic regulation of investment processes in the economy of the country and regions. Purpose. As, more correctly and efficiently the stock market will work, and then faster and more intensively the country's economy will develop. The need to study the stock exchange as a subject of the stock market is determined by the fact that to ensure the normal development of the economy, the mobilization of temporarily free funds of legal entities and individuals is required, as well as distribution and redistribution on a commercial basis between various sectors of the economy. These processes are carried out through stock exchanges in the securities market. Accordingly, the circulation of capital occurs in this market, and some business entities create savings, while others feel the need for additional financial resources in order to expand their activities. Ireland is different from Great Britain, has not left the European Union, and therefore is more connected to the European stock market than the United Kingdom. Considering the above is why the issues of stock market development remain very relevant today for any country. The Irish Stock Exchange General Index (ISEQ) is a major stock market index that tracks the performance of all (excluding UK listed) companies listed on the Irish Stock Exchange [5]. Results. This study examined the work of the Irish Stock Exchange, one of the oldest stock exchanges in the world. We have analyzed the main indices of the Irish Stock Exchange ISEQ and ISEQ20 for 2022. Conclusions. Based on this analysis, forecasts and conclusions were made regarding the trend of the ISEQ and ISEQ20 indices. Certainly, the main criteria that will influence the trend of these indices in 2023 are the geopolitical situation, which is developing against the background of Russia's military aggression against Ukraine, the aggravation of the crisis in the energy market, and inflationary processes in the world.