Crisis Resource Research Articles

Explore China's stakeholders in the exploration and exploitation of mineral resources in deep seabed areas: Identification, challenges and prospects

The exploration and exploitation of mineral resources in the international seabed area is conducive to alleviate the global resource crisis. However, these activities are facing huge challenges due to the extreme difficulty, high risk and cost, and unpredictable impact on the deep-sea environment. With the method of literature analysis and social network analysis, this article studies the roles and challenges of different participants in deep-sea activities in China, and put forward suggestions to optimize the functions of stakeholders. Key findings demonstrate that Chinese managers, deep sea mining companies, scientific research institutions, the International Seabed Authority and International non-governmental organizations are the major stakeholders engaging in deep-sea activities of China; the challenges faced by different stakeholders mainly come from three aspects: Law, environmental protection and technology. Finally, recommendations are proposed to promote the sustainable development of deep-sea activities in China based on the aforementioned three aspects.

Spatio-temporal dynamics of water storage across Northwest China over the past four decades

Study regionThe Northwest inland basins of China (NWC). Study focusTerrestrial water resources, especially groundwater resources, are the main source of water for human activities and for maintaining the stability of the ecological environment in NWC. Excessive consumption of water resources will seriously affect the sustainable utilization of water resources and ecological security in this region. Therefore, it is urgent to clarify the long-term changes in water storage in this area in order to handle the pressure of future water resources and the natural environment. Using GRACE satellite datasets and global hydrological models (GHMs) products, this study analyzed spatiotemporal variations in terrestrial water storage anomalies (TWSA), groundwater storage anomalies (GWSA), soil moisture, snow water equivalent, and canopy interception combined anomalies (SSCA) in NWC through the application of the water balance, trend decomposition, and empirical orthogonal decomposition methods. Furthermore, the driving factors of water storage change and feasible water resource management strategies were discussed. New hydrological insights for the regionTWSA in the NWC has experienced a continuous decline over the past nearly 40 years, while SSCA has shown a weak increasing trend (0.03 cm yr-1). Since the availability of glacial retreat data (2003–2016), glacial water storage in the NWC has decreased by 0.09 cm per year, while TWSA, SSCA, and GWSA have changed at rates of − 0.25, 0.02, and − 0.18 cm yr-1, respectively. The North Tianshan Rivers Basin has become one of the areas with the most severe groundwater depletion in China. 2005–2010 was a turning period in the changes of TWSA, followed by widespread water loss across the NWC. Glacier and snow melt are the most important factors for the decline of TWSA in the Tianshan mountains area, and over-exploitation of groundwater by human activities is a secondary factor. For other regions, Groundwater losses remain the most significant contributor to TWSA losses. The massive loss of water storage in the Tianshan Mountains area, especially the accelerated retreat of glaciers, will affect the stable water supply to the middle and lower reaches of the oasis region, perhaps leading to increased groundwater extraction, which will threaten regional water security and sustainable development. Developing a water-saving society and implementing inter-basin water transfer are feasible ways to alleviate the water resource crisis. Conducting a comprehensive analysis of all inland rivers in China helps to facilitate horizontal comparisons between various basins, thereby providing more comprehensive insights of water storage fluctuations. The data on water storage changes, extending back to 1980, provide a longer-term perspective on water resource changes in the region, which can contribute to enhancing water resource security and ecological environmental protection.

Training on Risk Factor Identification of Dental Diseases for PKK Group in Margodadi Village, Seyegan

Several oral diseases that often occur are influenced by various risk factors that can increase the severity of the disease. Indicators included in behavioral risk factors related to non-communicable diseases include health risk, food consumption behavior, lack of vegetables and fruit, smoking and tobacco habits, lack of physical activity, and consumption of alcoholic beverages. The presence of health cadres has recently become an alternative for the world of health to overcome its human resource crisis in providing health services at the local level by recruiting them from the local community. The purpose of this activity was that it is hoped that the health cadres will be able to play an active role in exploring various kinds of risk factors for dental disease in the people of the Margodadi Village area and can become decision-makers for community members regarding the right time to see a dentist. This community service activity was carried out at PKK Groups in Margodadi Village for 76 health cadres using visual media for education. The analysis showed increased health cadres’ knowledge and awareness about risk factors of dental disease. At the end of the community service activity, educational media such as posters and leaflets were donated to PKK Groups with the hope that the cadres can convey this material to the community and apply the identification of risk factors for dental health in the community

Autogenous iron-based peroxidase-like nanozyme from paper mill sludge for ascorbic acid detection

The high-value conversion of waste resources to carbon materials offers an opportunity to alleviate the resource crisis. Owing to their low cost and easy preservation, iron-based nanoenzymes are receiving increasing attention in the fields of catalysis, detection and biomedicine. In this work, for the first time, paper mill sludge (PMS), which contains iron ions from a flocculant used in paper mill wastewater treatment, is used as a precursor to produce iron-doped carbon quantum dots (Fe-CQDs) by oil bath pyrolysis process. The synthesized Fe-CQDs with carboxyl groups and abundant carbon-deficient structure, exhibit higher peroxidase-like activity. Compared to horseradish peroxidase (HRP), Fe-CQDs have a better affinity for the substrate and better stability. Based on the good affinity of Fe-CQDs for H2O2, a rapid colourimetric assay for ascorbic acid (AA) detection was developed with a wide range of 1–120 μM and a detection limit of 0.435 μM (3σ/k). The peroxidase-like activity of Fe-CQDs has been proved to originate from their ability to catalyze H2O2 to produce·OH, and successfully applied to determine AA content in the roots and leaves of sweet potato. This work indicates the reliability of the method in practical application and provides a greening strategy for the value-added utilization of solid sludge.

Adaptation to seasonal drought in irrigation districts of south China: A copula-based fuzzy-flexible stochastic multi-objective approach for precise irrigation planning

The occurrence of seasonal drought has led to periodic water shortages in irrigation districts of south China, posing significant agricultural challenges on water and food security. Consequently, there is a pressing need for high-efficient water resources management from a sustainability perspective. To address this issue, a copula-based fuzzy-flexible stochastic multi-objective programming (CFSMP) model was proposed to facilitate irrigation planning under the combined influence of seasonal dry and wet conditions. The model was aimed to simultaneously achieve maximum economic benefit, water productivity and green water use efficiency, considering the economic, social, and environmental spheres of the irrigation district. The CFSMP model represented an innovative solution that was capable of (1) precisely describing the response of crop yield to water supply at ten-day time scale, which can be matched with practical irrigation demand; (2) characterizing joint distributions of seasonal dry and wet conditions of precipitation during different crop growth periods based on the copula function; (3) reconciling conflicts on objectives among economic, social, and environmental spheres of the irrigation district in complex and uncertain environments. The proposed model was applied to the Dongfeng Reservoir Irrigation District in south China. The downscaled ten-day Jensen water production functions of main grain and cash crops were fitted to recognize precise distributions of crop water demand and water sensitivity index. The Frank copula, with the smallest value of squared Euclidean distribution, was selected to describe the joint distribution of seasonal precipitation and gain insights into actual seasonal water availability and water scarcity. The results showed that the proposed model produced more water-saving and yield-promoting irrigation planning policies than the current quota. The average water allocation of rice, wheat, maize, rape, and citrus decreased by 352.6 mm, 10.6 mm, 67.7 mm, 7.44 mm, and 54.6 mm, respectively. Except for a yield reduction of 8.8% for rape, crop yields of rice, wheat, maize, and citrus were improved by 33.3%, 45.4%, 29.9%, and 12.3%, respectively. The coordination degree of the model reached 0.827, demonstrating excellent performance on generating coordinated and robust solutions. Therefore, the CSFMP model has the potential to alleviate seasonal drought in south China and can be applied in similar regions with comparable resources crisis.

Evaluation of Effect of Ti Addition to Zinc Bath on Kinetics of Growth of Alloy Layer Formed in Process of Hot-Dip Galvanisation on Steel Substrate.

Faced with the raw material crisis in Zn resources, researchers are facing the challenge of developing technology for producing zinc coatings that are thinner than those that have been produced to date. This would make it possible to reduce Zn consumption in the hot-dip galvanisation process. The study included an experiment that involved dip galvanising steel samples in baths of different Ti concentrations; this process was carried out at 450 °C and 550 °C. The use of this additive made it possible to reduce the growth of the alloy layer in the obtained zinc coatings. Using an optical microscope, observations were made of the microstructures of the resulting coatings, which made it possible to determine the thickness of the alloy layer in the coating. Thanks to the use of scanning electron microscopy with EDS analysis, however, it was possible to plot the chemical composition of the studied coatings and accurately observe the morphology of the formed phases. An intermetallic Zn-Fe-Ti phase was observed in the coatings formed in a Ti-added bath, which can affect the growth inhibition of the alloy layer in the zinc coating.

Multiplayer game for decision-making in energy communities

Energy communities are widely studied from various perspectives, especially in the context of geopolitical events of recent years, when humanity is faced with the need for urgent solutions to promote climate change and alleviate the crisis of energy resources. Although citizens' interest in the use of renewable resources has gradually grown, energy policy support measures for more active participation of society in the implementation of energy efficiency measures are still being implemented with variable success, especially through mutual agreement. Serious games are a rapidly growing tool for awareness and collaboration on a single platform for gamers seeking solutions to energy resource optimization issues. The paper focuses on energy community versus energy use practices, trends, and intervention strategies in multifamily residential blocks, using serious gaming and direct user online feedback. This study uses a multi-player simulation tool to enable the modelling of scenarios for energy efficiency measures for apartment building block residents and energy community target goals for decision-making decisions. User experience and game mechanics were tested on a pre-selected group. The results indicate positive feedback, including a practical application for both energy community and professionals, and provide valuable recommendations for further research and improvement of the tool.

Ranking of Electricity Accumulation Possibilities: Multicriteria Analysis

The pace of the implementation of renewable electricity storage in Europe is disappointingly slow. Several factors influence this and there is a need to speed up the rate and increase the volumes in order to promote a 100% transition to renewable energy resources, expand the practice of using renewable energy, and contribute to the improvement of the quality of life of consumers. An important factor is significantly reducing impact on the environment and climate change. Electricity from renewable energy sources such as solar and wind has a seasonal nature that cannot provide the necessary electricity consumption and cover peak loads. The so-called “energy resource crisis” is also a very topical problem at the moment, which reinforces the global need to increase the share of renewable energy resources in the overall balance of primary energy resources. Practical wider integration of renewable electricity storage is what can help stimulate this. The availability of renewable electricity is constantly increasing, and the level of technological innovation is rapidly developing. Therefore, it is valuable to analyse, look for connections and for ways to accumulate electricity in order to promote its availability from private homes to the national scale and more broadly on the European scale. Therefore, this article analyses and compares the different options for renewable electricity storage, from small batteries to large storage systems, arriving at the best solution according to needs, using analysis methods such as multicriteria decision analysis (MCDA) and TOPSIS. After comparing nine criteria, such as the amount of investment required, existing power density, efficiency, duration of operation, and others in two groups (small and large accumulation systems), it was concluded that lithium-ion batteries are currently the best solution among batteries, while pumped hydro storage is the best solution among large accumulation systems.

Overview of Solar Steam Devices from Materials and Structures.

The global shortage of freshwater supply has become an imminent problem. The high energy consumption of traditional desalination technology cannot meet the demand for sustainable energy development. Therefore, exploring new energy sources to obtain pure water has become one of the effective ways to solve the freshwater resource crisis. In recent years, solar steam technology which utilizes solar energy as the sole input source for photothermal conversion has shown to be sustainable, low-cost, and environmentally friendly, providing a viable low-carbon solution for freshwater supply. This review summarizes the latest developments in solar steam generators. The working principle of steam technology and the types of heating systems are described. The photothermal conversion mechanisms of different materials are illustrated. Emphasis is placed on describing strategies to optimize light absorption and improve steam efficiency from material properties to structural design. Finally, challenges in the development of solar steam devices are pointed out, aiming to provide new ideas for the development of solar steam devices and alleviate the shortage of freshwater resources.

The impact of urban digital transformation on resource sustainability: Evidence from a quasi-natural experiment in China

Currently, advancing digital economy and resource crisis occur simultaneously in several countries. Whether digital transformation can improve resource sustainability, particularly energy sustainability, is an urgent problem for governments. We used panel data from 230 prefecture-level cities in China from 2006-2019 to assess the impact of urban digital transformation strategies represented by smart cities on urban resource sustainability using the difference-in-difference (DID) model. The results show that urban digital transformation significantly enhances urban resource sustainability, which still holds after passing robustness tests. The mechanism analyses indicate that urban digital transformation can promote resource sustainability through technological innovation, structural transformation, and capital reallocation. Further analysis reveals that implementing urban digital transformation in eastern, non-resource-based cities and cities with unreasonable industrial structures has a more favourable effect on resource sustainability. This paper provides an empirical basis for the urban digital transformation to empower green urban recovery and low-carbon development by promoting sustainable resources.

Perancangan Turbin Angin Vertikal Modifikasi Darrieus Menggunakan Geometri Airfoil Naca 2414

The National Energy General Plan policy is one of the government's focuses on controlling the use of renewable energy in line with the development of the need for energy use for the community, especially in the electricity sector. Electrical energy is energy that is very important for human needs, where every human being is very dependent on electricity for their daily needs. Currently, there is a crisis of fossil resources, so renewable energy can be developed. One renewable energy that is easy to develop is a wind turbine by utilizing the energy of the wind that blows. Indonesia has started to pay attention to increasing the efficiency of electricity generation, especially wind power. The type of turbine planned is the Darrieus type vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT) using a modified NACA Airfoil 2414 geometry with variations in wind speed. At a speed of 7,61 m/s from the test results obtained the power produced by the turbine is 20,78 watts with a voltage of 11,61 Volts and an electric current of 1,79 Amperes and at 354 rpm generator rotation. from the results obtained, the higher the wind speed, the higher the rotation produced by the turbine.

Human Resource Development and Crisis Management: The Role of Communication and Learning in the United Arab Emirates

This article introduces the concept of crisis knowledge and communication influencing how stakeholders see the crisis and the organization. During damage control or containment stages, leaders interact with organization employees offering information and guidance and soothe or reassure people. This article also investigates the role of administrative knowledge in crisis administration, an area that has yet to receive much attention from the Human Resource Development (HRD) community. The study found a significant impact of communication and learning on crisis management. Also, the study found that administrative wisdom intervenes in the association between HRD and crisis management. The study didn’t find evidence regarding moderating communication interaction between HRD and Crisis management.

La crisis de Ucrania, un conflicto de las grandes potencias

The war in Ukraine has generated a geostrategic change in the region of Eastern Europe since, in addition to altering the peace, a crisis of refugees, resources and environmental impact is evident in which the polarization of the powers represented, on the one hand, by the North Atlantic Treaty Organization NATO and, on the other, by the Russian Federation together with China, is gradually increasing. By means of a bibliographic review, the aim of this work was to carry out a qualitative analysis of the war problem in Ukraine, taking into account the historical context, chronology and development of possible scenarios that could put an end to this war, which, of course, may change dynamically as this conflict continues in the long term. Moreover, it can be concluded that Ukraine lacks its own military resources and depends on the aid of the European powers and the United States, in this sense some legitimate questions arise: To what extent can there be a sustained military cooperation in time and at what price for Ukraine, since it is not convenient for anyone that the war is long term and each country has its own problems to solve.

Ranking of Electricity Accumulation Possibilities: Multicriteria Analysis

The pace of implementation of renewable electricity storage in Europe is disappointingly slow due to several factors. There is a need to speed up the rate and increase the volumes in order to promote a 100 % transition to renewable energy resources, expand the practice of using renewable energy, and contribute to the improvement of the user’s quality of life. In addition, a significant reduction of the global impact on the environment and climate change is an important factor. Electricity from renewable energy sources, such as the sun and wind, has a seasonal nature that cannot provide the necessary electricity for consumption and cannot cover peak loads. Also, the so-called 'energy resource crisis' is a topical issue, which reinforces the global need to increase the share of renewable energy resources in the overall balance of primary energy resources. It is precisely the wider integration of renewable electricity storage in practice that can help stimulate this. The availability of renewable electricity is constantly increasing, and the level of technological innovation is rapidly developing. Therefore, it is crucial to analyse both phenomena and actively search for overlaps in developing technologies, not forgetting the main differences in the types of accumulation, to promote accessibility, starting from a private house to the national and European scale. This article analyses and compares the options for renewable electricity storage – from small batteries to large storage systems. The authors consider the best solutions to satisfy individual and collective needs of the consumer. In this article, a multicriteria decision analysis (MCDA) and TOPSIS are used as analysis tools. After comparing nine criteria, such as the investment required, existing power density, efficiency, duration of operation, and others, in both groups, it is concluded that lithium-ion batteries are currently the best solution among batteries; while in the group of large accumulation systems pumped hydro storage secures a superior position.

Safety assessment of organic micropollutants in reclaimed water: Chemical analyses, ecological risk assessments, and in vivo endocrine-disrupting studies

Reclaimed water from municipal wastewater has great potential in mitigating the water resource crisis, while the inevitable residue of organic micropollutants (OMPs) challenges the safety of reclaimed water reuse. Limited information was available regarding the overall adverse effects of mixed OMPs in reclaimed water, especially the endocrine-disrupting effects on living organisms. Herein, chemical monitoring in two municipal wastewater treatment plants showed that 31 of 32 candidate OMPs including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), phenols, pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) were detected in reclaimed water, with a concentration ranging from ng/L to μg/L. Then, based on the risk quotient value, phenol, bisphenol A, tetracycline, and carbamazepine were ranked as high ecological risks. Most PAHs and PPCPs were quantified as medium and low risks, respectively. More importantly, using aquatic vertebrate zebrafish as an in vivo model, the endocrine-disrupting potentials of OMP mixtures were comprehensively characterized. We found that a realistic exposure to reclaimed water induced estrogen-like endocrine disruption and hyperthyroidism in zebrafish, abnormal expression of genes along the hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid (-gonad) axes, reproductive impairment, and transgenerational toxicity. Based on the chemical analyses, risk quotient calculations, and biotoxicity characterization, this study contributed to understanding the ecological risks of reclaimed water and developing the control standards for OMPs. In addition, application of the zebrafish model in this study also highlighted the significance of in vivo biotoxicity test in water quality evaluation.

Optimal resource allocation model in disaster situations for maximizing the value of operational process resiliency and continuity

Organizations need to apply resilience and business continuity in industry to protect themselves against the crises and destructive events. Also, the growing expansion of competition in the global market and the increasing crisis in the world have increased the importance of optimal resource allocation. With the optimal resource allocation, huge losses and damages to organizations are prevented. The problem of resource allocation can be raised alongside the criteria of process resilience and continuity. Therefore, organizations change their perspective from focusing solely on reducing vulnerability to increasing resilience and continuity against to accidents in crises and destructive situations. The objective of this paper is proposed a mathematical model for optimal resource allocation with the aim of minimizing the lack of process resilience and maximizing the process continuity. So, the organization can continue to operate with available resources in times of crisis and lack of resources. Also, main activities and processes are not interrupted by crises and destructive events. After solving the model using a case study (textile industry), the results of the model were described and it was found that destructive events were recovered before the tolerance threshold and crisis and destructive events did not interrupt activities and processes.

Screening the Pollution-Tolerant Chlorococcum sp. (Chlorophyceae) Grown in Municipal Wastewater for Simultaneous Nutrient Removal and Biodiesel Production

Over the last few years and with increasing global climatic change, the international energy crisis and shortage of freshwater resources have raised many inquiries about global water security and energy. Therefore, finding out alternative and sustainable energy sources has become an important universal requirement. Here, we assessed the viability of exploiting municipal wastewater (WW) as a nutrient-rich growth medium for cultivating the pollution-tolerant coccoid green microalga Chlorococcum sp. (Chlorophyceae) to simultaneously remove nutrients and produce biodiesel. Chlorococcum sp. was isolated from municipal wastewater sampled from Menoufia Governorate, Egypt. Under the standard growth conditions and until reaching the late exponential growth phase, it was cultivated at different concentrations (25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%) of the secondary treated WW, and the findings were compared to the control (grown in BBM). The study results revealed that the 50% WW treatment was the most suitable approach for removing NO3−, NH4+, and TP with percentages of 96.9%, 98.4%, and 90.1%, respectively. Moreover, the 50% WW treatment produced the highest algal biomass (1.97 g L−1) and productivity (82 mg L−1 day−1). In addition, it showed the highest lipid production (600 mg L−1), with 25 mg L−1 day−1 lipid productivity and lipid yield with 30.5% of the cell dry weight (CDW). The gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) technique was applied to characterize fatty acid profiling, and it was found that oleic (C18:1) and palmitic (C16:0) fatty acids were present in much higher concentrations in Chlorococcum sp. cells grown in 50% WW as compared to the control, i.e., 44.43% and 27.38% vs. 36.75% and 21.36%, respectively. No big difference was present in linoleic (C18:2) fatty acid concentrations. Importantly, the biodiesel properties of our Chlorococcum sp. grown in 50% WW were consistent with the international biodiesel standards. In light of our findings, Chlorococcum sp. has a great potential for utilization as a biodiesel feedstock and for bioremediation of wastewater.

Evaluation on real-time self-organization algorithm of forest cultivation, tea planting and tea processing for sustainable ecosystem management of agricultural water resources

Abstract Agricultural water resources are water resources that can be used for agricultural production, including surface water, groundwater and soil water. The sustainable use of water resources is of great significance to agriculture and rural economy. In the context of climate change and the increasing crisis of water resources, how to effectively use forest resources and other natural resources to achieve sustainable management of agricultural water ecosystems has become an increasingly urgent issue. Therefore, this paper proposed a real-time self-organization algorithm for forest cultivation, tea planting and tea processing for sustainable ecosystem management of agricultural water resources. This paper first described the sustainable ecosystem of agricultural water resources, carried out optimization analysis on tea planting and processing technology, using the genetic optimization algorithm based on decision tree and then carried out an experimental analysis on a tea garden. It can be seen from the data that the average monthly temperature of the tea garden cultivated by the algorithm in this paper was between 13.4 and 20.5 °C and the average annual temperature was 16.16 °C. However, the average monthly temperature of the traditional cultivation method was between 11.5 and 16.8 °C and the average annual temperature was 13.64 °C.

Understanding resilience of urban food-energy-water nexus system: Insights from an ecological network analysis of megacity Beijing

Increasing resource crises force cities to scrutinize resilience status of urban food-energy-water (FEW) nexus system, which is highly depend on their metabolic processes. Taking Megacity Beijing as the case, we developed an ecological network model to explore structural and functional characteristics of urban FEW metabolic systems, with consideration of local availability, cross-region supply and resource nexus. The results show that the metabolism of food, energy and water exhibits different topological structures, and water presents typical loop network structure with APL and FCI values of 3.02 and 0.08 respectively, while food metabolizes in a loose topology and energy suffers dissipative losses in a uniflow form. This makes water metabolic network a robust organization with greater circulation, higher stability index (1.81) and better adaptive capacity to counter to vulnerability, yet energy network performs poorly for lacking redundancy and food network is more sensitive to changing conditions. Our findings enable decision-makers to find opportunities to build a more resilient city via improving FEW metabolic network synergistically, such as strengthening local resource reserves to provide buffering capacity when external supplies fail, as well as enhancing utilization efficiency of dominant industries and promoting treatment and reuse to make continuous survival and prosperity possible.

Profile of health care workers in a context of instability: a cross-sectional study of four rural health zones in eastern DR Congo (lessons learned)

BackgroundThe crisis in human resources for health is observed worldwide, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. Many studies have demonstrated the importance of human resources for health as a major pillar for the proper functioning of the health system, especially in fragile and conflict-affected contexts such as DR Congo. However, the aspects relating to human resources profile in relation to the level of performance of the health districts in a particular context of conflicts and multiform crises have not yet been described.ObjectiveThis study aims to describe the profile of staff working in rural health districts in a context of crisis and conflicts.MethodsA cross-sectional study was carried out from May 15, 2017 to May 30, 2019 on 1090 health care workers (HCW) exhaustively chosen from four health districts in Eastern Democratic Republic of Congo (Idjwi, Katana, Mulungu and Walungu). Data were collected using a survey questionnaire. The Chi2 test was used for comparison of proportions and the Kruskal–Wallis test for medians. As measures of association, we calculated the odds ratios (OR) along with their 95% confidence interval. The α-error cut-off was set at 5%.ResultsIn all the health districts the number of medical doctors was very insufficient with an average of 0.35 medical doctors per 10,000 inhabitants. However, the number of nurses was sufficient, with an average of 3 nurses per 5000 inhabitants; the nursing / medical staff (47%) were less represented than the administrative staff (53%). The median (Min–Max) age of all HCW was 46 (20–84) years and 32% of them were female. This was the same for the registration of staff in the civil service (obtaining a registration number). The mechanism of remuneration and payment of benefits, although a national responsibility, also suffered more in unstable districts. Twenty-one percent of the HCW had a monthly income of 151USD and above in the stable district; 9.2% in the intermediate and 0.9% in the unstable districts. Ninety-six percent of HCW do not receive Government’ salary and 64% of them do not receive the Government bonus.ConclusionThe context of instability compromises the performance of the health system by depriving it of competent personnel. This is the consequence of the weakening of the mechanisms for implementing the practices and policies related to its management. DR Congo authorities should develop incentive mechanisms to motivate young and trained HCW to work in unstable and intermediate health districts by improving their living and working conditions.