Resource Sustainable Development Research Articles

Examining the effect of urbanization on various land cover classes and environmental quality using remote sensing and GIS methods

It is vital for public awareness and decision-makers to investigate the impact caused by changes in urban land use and land cover on ecosystem service values (ESVs) in order to promote sustainable urban development, protect the environment, protect public health, and ensure communities’ long-term well-being. Changes in ecosystem services brought on by changes in land use and cover (LULC) are a crucial early indicator and warning sign of ecological shifts. Using remote sensing and GIS tools, this study examined the shifting dynamics of ESVs in the Haridwar district in Uttarakhand state, India. The evaluation of land use land cover (LULC) changes was carried out by analyzing satellite images of the research region from 2001 to 2021. In addition, we examined changes in ecosystem services according to the study area’s LULC classifications. Using a random forest machine learning classifier, satellite images were classified into five categories of land cover: water bodies, forests, built-up areas, agricultural land, and bare land. The findings showed that from 2001 to 2021, forest cover and water bodies fell by 15.35% and 41.50%, respectively, while urban area and agricultural area rose by 69.24% and 12.31%, respectively. Due to increased urbanization and degradation of water bodies and forest areas, ESV fell from 103.19 USD ha −1 year −1 in 2001 to 70.53 USD ha −1 year −1 in 2021. The combination of LULC with the value of ecosystem services may improve our knowledge of several difficulties in an urban ecosystem. As a result, we advocate for the incorporation of LULC and ESVs as a tool that might be useful to urban planners and land managers in the future for sustainable development of natural resources.

Research on the Impact of gGreen Human Hesource Management on Employees' Organizational Citizenship Behavior of Internet Enterprises

In the context of the current era of sustainable development, green human resource management has become a hot topic of concern among enterprises. Green human resources are the driving force for the development of enterprises, and the strong initiative and creativity of employees can better serve the enterprise, promote the efficient, sustainable and healthy development of the enterprise, and promote the common progress of employees and the enterprise. In order to effectively promote the sustainable development of green human resources and expand the influence and effectiveness of green human resources, this project collects the working environment, training programs, performance appraisal programs and incentive policies under green human resource management through online questionnaires, field visits and face-to-face interviews, and studies green human resource management and employees' spontaneous changes within the organization, such as the improvement of employees' loyalty to the enterprise, The relationship between organizational citizenship behaviors such as performance level growth will further explore the impact of green human resource management on the organizational citizenship behaviors of employees in Internet enterprises.

Sustainable Forests, Divided Power: Navigating the Complexities of Customary Forest Resource of Management in Aceh Jaya

Ensuring the sustainable development of forest resources is a crucial priority in different regions worldwide. This article seeks to clarify the interplay between conflict and collaboration in the management of forest resources in Aceh Jaya, a region characterized by complex socio-political dynamics. This study utilizes a qualitative research methodology, specifically employing a case study approach, to investigate and address research inquiries. The current research centers on the conflicts and collaboration that arise in forest management, with a specific focus on the involvement of traditional (customary) authorities and state governments. The study also aims to identify the main factors that impact their collaborative endeavors in the pursuit of sustainable forest practices. The study's findings offer valuable insights and recommendations that governmental bodies, traditional authorities, and other relevant stakeholders can use effectively to develop policies and practices for managing forest resources in this region.

Optimizing Micro-CT Resolution for Geothermal Reservoir Characterization in the Pannonian Basin

In the context of global efforts to transition toward renewable energy and reduce greenhouse gas emissions, geothermal energy is increasingly recognized as a viable and sustainable option. This paper presents a comprehensive assessment derived from a subset of a larger sample collection within the Dunántúli Group of the Pannonian Basin, Hungary, focusing on optimizing micro-computed tomography (µ-CT) resolution for analyzing pore structures in sandstone formations. By categorizing samples based on geological properties and selecting representatives from each group, the study integrates helium porosity and gas permeability measurements with µ-CT imaging at various resolutions (5 µm, 2 µm, and 1 µm). The findings reveal that µ-CT resolution significantly affects the discernibility and characterization of pore structures. Finer resolutions (2 µm and 1 µm) effectively uncovered interconnected pore networks in medium- to coarse-grained sandstones, suggesting favorable properties for geothermal applications. In contrast, fine-grained samples showed limitations in geothermal applicability at higher resolutions due to their compact nature and minimal pore connectivity, which could not be confidently imaged at 1 µm. Additionally, this study acknowledges the challenges in delineating the boundaries within the Dunántúli Group formations, which adds a layer of complexity to the characterization process. The research highlights the importance of aligning µ-CT findings with geological backgrounds and laboratory measurements for accurate pore structure interpretation in heterogeneous formations. By contributing vital petrophysical data for the Dunántúli Group and the Pannonian Basin, this study provides key insights for selecting appropriate µ-CT imaging resolutions to advance sustainable geothermal energy strategies in the region. The outcomes of this research form the basis for future studies aimed at developing experimental setups to investigate physical clogging and enhance geothermal exploitation methods, crucial for the sustainable development of geothermal resources in the Pannonian Basin.

Prediction of land use for the next 30 years using the PLUS model's multi-scenario simulation in Guizhou Province, China

Land use changes significantly impact the structure and functioning of ecosystems. The current research focus lies in how to utilize economic and policy instruments to regulate conflicts among stakeholders effectively. The objective is to facilitate rational planning and sustainable development of land utilization resources. The PLUS model integrates a rule-based mining method for land expansion analysis and a CA model based on multi-type stochastic seeding mechanism, which can be used to mine the driving factors of land expansion and predict the patch-level evolution of land use landscapes. Using the PLUS model, a simulation was conducted to study the future land use distribution in the research area over the next 30 years. Based on land use data from Guizhou Province in 2000, 2010, and 2020, a total of 16 driving factors were selected from three aspects: geographical environment, transportation network, and socio-economic conditions. Four scenarios, namely natural development, urban development, ecological conservation, and farmland rotection, were established. Comparative analysis of the simulated differences among the various scenarios was performed. (1) The overall accuracy of the land use simulation using the PLUS model in the study area was 0.983, with a Kappa coefficient of 0.972 and a FoM coefficient of 0.509. The research accuracy meets the simulation requirements. (2) Through the simulation of four different scenarios, the study investigated the land use changes in Guizhou Province over the next 30 years. Each scenario exhibited distinct impacts on land utilization. Comprehensive comparison of the different simulation results revealed that the farmland protection scenario aligns with the sustainable development goals of the research area. Currently, there is a relative scarcity of research on land use simulation, particularly in model application, for Guizhou Province. This study aims to provide a reference for the rational planning of land resources and high-quality urban construction in Guizhou, promoting the high-quality economic development in tandem with advanced ecological and environmental protection.

Research Hotspots and Trends of Large-Diameter Trees Based on Bibliometric Data

The current challenges facing large-diameter timber forests include low yield and low eco-economic benefit. As a result, the development of large-diameter timber forests has become one of the most important strategies for the development of forestry in China. The present study employed bibliometric analysis and Citespace software v.6.1.R3 to examine the literature from CNKI and WOS databases spanning 2002–2021. This analysis aimed to identify the research hotspots and trends in large-diameter timber trees while providing theoretical support and guidance for developing large-diameter timber forests. The research results showed the following data. (1) The number of articles published increased year by year, approximately 4.8 times in 20 years. (2) The journal “Forest Ecology and Management”, where the number of papers is up to 53, has a significant impact on the field of large-diameter timber research. The Tropical Forestry Experimental Center of the Chinese Academy of Forestry and the Wageningen University and Research in the Netherlands possess strong research capabilities, with average citation frequencies of the articles of 26.8 and 51.5, respectively. (3) Research on large-diameter trees focuses on “large-diameter timber cultivation technology and cultivation measures”, “forest conservation management”, “large-diameter timber stand structure”, and “dynamic monitoring of large-diameter timber growth”. “Selection of suitable seed sources”, “Innovation of large-diameter timber cultivation technology”, and “improvement of large-diameter timber forest management mode” are the future research trends of large-diameter trees. In the future, it will be a challenge to realize the sustainable development of large-diameter timber resources. Concurrently, long-term monitoring and scientific management of large-diameter timber forests will be a key issue in promoting the development of large-diameter timber forests.

Effective Strategies for Human Resource Development in the Digital Era

The rapid development of digital technology has brought significant changes in various aspects of life, including the field of human resource management (HR). This article aims to identify and analyze effective strategies that can be applied in human resource development in the digital era. In this context, HR development strategies do not only focus on improving technical skills, but also on developing soft skills which are essential for adaptation in a dynamic work environment. This research uses a qualitative approach with a comprehensive literature study method, reviewing various academic and practical sources. relevant to the topic. The main findings of this study show that the integration of technology in the training and development process, the formation of a work culture that supports innovation, and the implementation of a digital-based performance management system are some of the key effective strategies. Apart from that, the importance of visionary and adaptive leadership has also been identified as a determining factor for success in HR development in the digital era. This article provides insight for HR practitioners and managers to formulate HR development policies and programs that are relevant to the demands of the times. In addition, this research also makes a theoretical contribution by offering a conceptual framework for holistic and sustainable human resource development in the digital era.

Potential and Influencing Factors of Urban Spatial Development under Natural Constraints: A Case Study of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area

As urbanization in China progresses, urban spatial development is transitioning from rapid expansion to more intensive and compact growth. This study examined the role of physical geography and environmental factors in shaping the urban spatial development in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area (GBA). Based on the current natural conditions, we selected evaluation indices from topography, hydrogeology, climatic conditions, and natural disasters. These indices were used to create a carrying capacity and suitability evaluation system for development land under natural constraints. Finally, the spatial development potential of the city was finalized by taking into account the current state of the built-up area of the city. Meanwhile, we employed the Optimal Parameters-based Geographical Detector and assessed the impact of 14 natural factors on the spatial development of urban built-up areas. In 2020, the GBA had 52,168.77 km2 of land suitable for construction, of which 34,241.13 km2 was highly suitable (61.29%) and 17,927.64 km2 was moderately suitable (32.09%). At the Bay Area level, 90.15% of the development potential remains untapped; at the city level, Zhaoqing City has the highest potential at 99.56%, while Macao has the lowest at 26.83%. Key factors influencing urban development include silty sand content, annual average relative humidity, and cumulative temperature above 0 °C, with varying impacts across different urban scales. At the Bay Area level, the silty sand content, annual average relative humidity, and cumulative temperature above 0 °C are the main influencing factors on the spatial development of urban built-up areas; at the city level, the main factors are annual average relative humidity and cumulative active temperature above 0 °C. This study reveals the important influence of natural environmental factors on urban spatial development, which is conducive to promoting sustainable development of land resources in GBA.

Sustainable development and formative evaluation of mathematics open educational resources created by pre-service teachers: an action research study

In the post-pandemic world, UNESCO advocates the development of open educational resources (OER) to remedy the financial pressures of students and their families. We thus conducted a dual-cycle action research study aiming to develop a sustainable model with minimal cost for creating OER for secondary school mathematics teachers and students. Our theoretical foundations drew upon existing sustainable models of OER development and experiential learning theory to enhance the efficacy of OER. Formative evaluation techniques were employed in both action research cycles, where pre-service teachers developed the OER and in-service teachers provided suggestions for improvement. In the second cycle, we tested the use of our OER with 35 Grade 11 students to examine both student achievement and retention. The test results showed a significant learning gain (pre-test: Mdn = 2.00; post-test: Mdn = 10.00), which was retained over 2 weeks (delayed post-test: Mdn = 11.00). However, the students’ performance on more advanced questions was not satisfactory. Based on an overall reflection on the study, we proposed a sustainable model of OER development, which leveraged the manpower of pre-service and in-service teachers and incorporated formative evaluation techniques. Furthermore, we provided recommendations for enhancing the future development of OER in mathematics education.

Development and evaluation of fiber-enhanced RAP interlayer for HMA overlay treatment

To scientifically and efficiently utilize reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) generated during asphalt pavement maintenance, and to promote resource recycling and sustainable development, this paper developed and evaluated the Fiber-enhanced RAP interlayer for HMA overlay and preservation treatments. In this paper, RAP interlayer was designed based on the Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and the pull-out strength and the shear strength of were tested. Through double-objective optimization and analysis, the recommended proportions were determined as 2.22 kg/m2 of rubber asphalt, 10.57 kg/m2 of aggregate, and 30% RAP content. Subsequently, the effects of different basalt fiber contents on the pull-out strength, shear strength, flexural strength, fatigue life, and permeability coefficient of asphalt mixture with interlayer containing RAP were investigated. The results indicated a significant improvement in these properties with an 80 g/m2 basalt fiber content. The performance of asphalt mixture with Fiber-enhanced RAP interlayer was obviously superior to the asphalt mixture with interlayer without fiber and RAP. According to the test results of Digital Image Correlation (DIC), it was found that basalt fibers effectively reduce stress concentration, delaying the initiation and propagation of cracks.

Advancing urban water-energy demand predictions with a rotor hopfield neural network model optimized by contracted thermal exchange optimizer

ABSTRACT The relationship between urban water and energy demand is crucial for resource efficiency, sustainability, and environmental conservation. Rapid urbanization, population growth, and climate change necessitate integrated models that capture the complex interdependencies, feedback loops, and trade-offs between water and energy systems. This research addresses this intricate relationship by developing a modified Rotor Hopfield Neural Network (RHNN) Model using input indicators like population data, GDP, water consumption, precipitation, electricity consumption, wastewater discharge, and industrial coal usage. The model is optimized using a modified metaheuristic, called Contracted Thermal Exchange Optimizer (CTEO), resulting in a comprehensive forecast of urban water-energy demand. The model’s superior efficiency is demonstrated by comparing it with other contemporary methods. Upon comparison with alternative approaches, it is clear that the RHNN/CTEO model surpasses them, showcasing a mean relative error of 1.47% for water usage and 2.60% for energy consumption. This leads to an overall average MRE of 2.03%. This research contributes to the existing body of knowledge by offering an advanced model for urban water-energy demand forecasting, providing valuable insights for policymakers, urban planners, and stakeholders in making informed decisions related to resource allocation, infrastructure development, and sustainable urban development.

Hydrogeochemical process and coal mining-motivated effect on the hydrochemistry for the groundwater system in mining area of Western China

The Jurassic coalfield in the mining area of western China exhibits a multi-layered groundwater system. However, it is subject to an arid and semi-arid climate with limited water resources. Consequently, the ecological environment is highly vulnerable, and the chemistry and quality of groundwater may be influenced by multiple factors. This study systematically the coal mining-motivated effect on the hydrochemistry and water quality of the groundwater system, using the Caojiatan Coal Mine as a case study. The analysis incorporates a combination of the self-organizing maps (SOM), entropy-weighted water quality index (EWQI), and traditional hydrochemical analysis methods. After coal mining, there was an increase in the proportion of HCO3-Ca and HCO3-Mg in the groundwater samples of J2z, J2y4, and J2y5. The groundwater is controlled by cation exchange as a whole. The J2y4 and above groundwater is influenced by both the dissolution of carbonate and silicate rocks before coal mining. After coal mining, the Quaternary and J2a groundwater in the western wing is primarily influenced by the dissolution of carbonate rocks; the J2z, J2y4 and J2y5 groundwater is primarily governed by the dissolution of silicate rocks and the oxidation of FeS2; the J2y3 and below groundwater is primarily controlled by the dissolution of evaporate rocks. The resulting dilution effect after coal mining and the implementation of measures for the discharge of treated mine water make the groundwater quality of the J2y4 and higher aquifers tend to be better. The research findings serve as a valuable reference for promoting the sustainable development and protection of groundwater resources not only in the study area but also in other coal mines.

Integrating remote sensing and field investigation for lithological mapping of Per-Eonile to Neonile sequences west of Sohag city, Egypt: Impact on urban development

In the domains of geological study, natural resource exploitation, geological hazards, sustainable development, and environmental management, lithological mapping holds significant importance. Conventional approaches to lithological mapping sometimes entail considerable effort and difficulties, especially in geographically isolated or inaccessible regions. Incorporating geological surveys and satellite data is a powerful approach that can be effectively employed for lithological mapping. During this process, contemporary RS-enhancing methodologies demonstrate a remarkable proficiency in identifying complex patterns and attributes within the data, hence facilitating the classification of diverse lithological entities. The primary objective of this study is to ascertain the lithological units present in the western section of the Sohag region. This objective will be achieved by integrated Landsat ETM+ satellite imagery and field observations. To achieve our objectives, we employed many methodologies, including the true and false color composition (FCC&TCC), the minimal noise fraction (MNF), principal component analysis (PCA), decoration stretch (DS), and independent component analysis (ICA). Our findings from the field investigation and the data presented offer compelling evidence that the distinct lithological units can be effectively distinguished. A recently introduced geology map has been incorporated within the research area. The sequence of formations depicted in this map is as follows: Thebes, Drunka, Katkut, Abu Retag, Issawia, Armant, Qena, Abbassia, and Dandara. Implementing this integrated technique enhances our comprehension of geological units and their impacts on urban development in the area. Based on the new geologic map of the study area, geologists can improve urban development in the regions by detecting building materials “aggregates”. This underscores the significance and potential of our research in the context of urban development.

The response of vegetation dynamics to drought and its driving factors identification in Inner Mongolia of China

Drought has exerted significant impacts on terrestrial ecosystems and reduction in vegetation biomass through its unfavorable effects on vegetation growth status, and directly causing the degradation and death of vegetation. Therefore, investigating the response mechanisms of various vegetation types to drought is of great importance for vegetation resource conservation and sustainable development. In this study, based on the Vegetation Health Index (VHI) and Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI), the dynamic changes and response relationships were revealed between vegetation and drought in Inner Mongolia (IM) during 1982–2020. Additionally, the fluctuation patterns of vegetation during drought events were identified. The results demonstrated that: (1) the probability of seasonal change point occurrence in VHI was 62.73 % in April 2018, with a confidence interval ranging from March 2014 to May 2019; (2) the identified optimal copula model was the Gaussian-copula for the duration and severity of drought events in IM; (3) the maximum and minimum percentages of degraded vegetation in IM occurred in January (74.32 %) and October (53.86 %); and (4) the cumulative lag-time of vegetation response to drought varied among different sub-regions, with response times ranging from 4 to 5 months. This finding provide a new perspective for elucidating the impact of drought variations on vegetation dynamics, which have positive implications for vegetation protection and ecological environment management.

Application of an Automated Top Coal Caving Control System: The Case of Wangjialing Coal Mine

China has made notable advancements in the intelligent construction of coal mines. However, for longwall top coal caving (LTCC) mining faces, a key obstacle impeding the intelligent transition of the coal-cutting process is automated control. This paper focuses on the aforementioned issue and comprehensively considers the pre-, intra-, and post-coal-caving stages. In this work, diverse detection and monitoring technologies are integrated at various stages through a computer platform, facilitating the construction of an automated coal caving control system with self-perception, self-learning, self-decision-making, and self-execution capabilities. Key technologies include ground-penetrating radar-based top coal thickness detection, inertial navigation-based shearer positioning, tail beam vibration-based identification of coal and gangue, and magnetostrictive sensor-based monitoring of the tail beam and insert plate attitude. In this study, the 12309 working face of the Wangjialing Coal Mine was experimentally validated, and the efficacy of the aforementioned key technologies was assessed. The results demonstrated that the control requirements for automated coal caving are satisfied by the maximum errors. Automatic regulation of coal caving was realized through the implementation of this system, thereby facilitating initiation and cessation and yielding promising experimental outcomes. Overall, this system offers practical insights for intelligent construction in current LTCC mining faces and the sustainable development of coal resources.

The DPSIR Model-Based Sustainability Assessment of Urban Water Resources: A Comparative Study of Zhuhai and Macao

Based on the driving force-pressure-state-impact-response (DPSIR) model, 19 indicators were selected to construct a comparison between Zhuhai and Macao, two adjacent cities at the estuary of the Pearl River in China, which have different development models and water resource sustainable development strategies. Factors that may affect the sustainability of water resources were screened and placed according to the relationships of the five subsystems in the DPSIR model, establishing a sustainable evaluation model for water resources in the two cities. The results analyzed by Principal Component Analysis and Entropy methods showed that (1) Zhuhai City was greatly affected by the driving force, while Macao was greatly affected by the state system from 2012 to 2021. (2) From the trend changes, it can be seen that, in recent years, the water resources of the two cities have been moving towards sustainable development, and the management and protection of water resources have achieved remarkable results. From the evaluation results, it can be seen that implementing urban water-saving activities, strengthening the proportion of environmental water conservancy, public measures in public investment, upgrading sewage treatment machinery to improve sewage treatment rates, and other measures can effectively improve the current situation of water resources in both regions. In the future, the Zhuhai and Macao cities may continue to face a series of water resource pressures brought on by socio-economic developments. Therefore, an active adjustment of the development of the measurement of controlling wastewater discharge and saving water resources was proposed, adhering to the direction of sustainable development, and ensuring the benign development of socio-economic conditions and the ecological environment. This study can provide data to support regional water resource security and policy formulation with different political systems.

A new insight for geophysical and geospatial mapping quaternary alluvium of Indo-Gangetic plains for exploration and assessment of groundwater in Haryana, India

A comprehensive study on groundwater exploration and assessment was conducted, integrating geophysical, geological, lithological, and resistivity logging techniques for a holistic evaluation of groundwater resources in Haryana, India. The primary research objective was to gain insight into the geological composition of alluvial sand and its implications for groundwater occurrence in Haryana's semi-arid region. The study showcases high-resolution electrical resistivity tomography results alongside conceptual cross-sectional models and 3D lithological models, revealing buried channels that serve as groundwater sources and saturated sand as well as recharge conduits within the alluvial region of Haryana. Moreover, borehole drilling at two sites and resistivity logging data demonstrate a strong correlation between various lithologies and resistivity logs. Overall, groundwater prospect zones are delineated at depths ranging from 18 m to over 100 m based on resistivity values of aquifer zones inferred from electrical resistivity tomography models, as well as mapped thick sand layers with significant hydrogeological importance in the study area. This emphasizes the stress on the aquifer system, where groundwater is being extracted from deeper depths. The conceptual litho-sectional model reveals a thick sand signature at intermediate depths, indicating the presence of buried paleochannels extending from Galedwa (Kurukshetra) to Jubbal (Yamunanagar). Additionally, the 3D lithological models, along with the electrical resistivity tomography results, facilitate strategic planning for shallow and deep boreholes for groundwater exploration and prospecting, aiming at sustainable groundwater development and management of resources in both the present and future.

Changes in water conservation and possible causes in the Yellow River Basin of China during the recent four decades

As water quality declines and water resources become scarce, water conservation emerges as the central challenge of water resource management and sustainable development in the watershed ecosystem. The Yellow River, known as the “mother river” of China, of which the water conservation function has received significant public attention in the changing environmental conditions. In the study, the InVEST water yield model was utilized to evaluate the spatiotemporal dynamics of water conservation; the MK trend test and Sen’s slope were used to examine the trends of precipitation and water conservation, respectively. Additionally, the response of water conservation to climate, land use, and soil changes during the period 1981–2020 was also discussed. The results showed that under the comprehensive influence of various factors, the water conservation of the YRB showed a decreasing and then increasing trend, which was presumed to be associated with the Grain for Green Project. Water conservation showed an increasing trend in the upstream area of the study area while decreasing in the lower reaches in recent decades. The changes in water conservation function in the YRB resulted from the comprehensive influence of climate factors, soil conditions, and land use types. Besides, woodland and grassland provide the highest water conservation capacity, which initially increased and then decreased with the increase of slope. The spatial analysis emphasized the critical role of water conservation in the Yellow River Basin, particularly highlighting the source area (above Lanzhou Station), the southern tributaries of the Wei River, and the upper reaches of the Yiluo River as significant water conservation zones. These areas should be considered crucial and given priority in regional water resource management and ecological protection efforts. The findings of this study could provide a theoretical foundation for ecological protection and water security in the YRB, which are essential for sustainable development.

Representative High-Temperature Hydrothermal Activities in the Himalaya Geothermal Belt (HGB): A Review and Future Perspectives

Southern Tibet and western Yunnan are areas with an intensive distribution of high-temperature geothermal systems in China, as an important part of the Himalayan Geothermal Belt (HGB). In recent decades, China has conducted systematic research on high-temperature geothermal fields such as Yangbajing, Gudui, and Rehai. However, a comprehensive understanding has not yet been formed. The objective of this study was to enhance comprehension of the high-temperature geothermal system in the HGB and to elucidate the hydrogeochemical characteristics of geothermal fluids. This will facilitate the subsequent sustainable development and exploitation of domestic high-temperature hydrothermal geothermal resources. To this end, this study analysed geothermal spring and borehole data from the Yangbajing, Gudui, and Rehai geothermal fields. Based on previous research results, the source, evolution, and reservoir temperature characteristics of geothermal fluids are compared and summarised. The main high-temperature geothermal water in the geothermal field is derived from the deep Cl-Na geothermal fluid. Yangbajing’s and Gudui’s geothermal waters are primarily recharged by snow-melt water, while Rehai’s geothermal water is mainly recharged by local meteoric water. The average mixing ratios of magmatic water in the Yangbajing, Gudui, and Rehai geothermal fields are 17%, 21%, and 22%, respectively. The Yangbajing and Gudui geothermal fields have a relatively closed geological environment, resulting in a stronger water–rock interaction compared to the Rehai geothermal field. As geothermal water rises, it mixes with shallow cold water infiltration. The mixing ratios of cold water in the Yangbajing, Gudui, and Rehai geothermal fields are 60–70%, 40–50%, and 20–40%, respectively. Based on the solute geothermometer calculations, the maximum geothermal reservoir temperatures for Yangbajing, Gudui, and Rehai are 237 °C, 266 °C, and 282 °C, respectively. This study summarises and compares the hydrogeochemical characteristics of three typical high-temperature geothermal fields. The findings provide an important theoretical basis for the development of high-temperature geothermal resources in the Himalayan Geothermal Belt.

Non-destructive strategy to extract sustainable helix and high-strength Musa core fibers for rapid water conduction and evaporation

The reuse and development of natural waste resources is a hotspots and challenges in the research of new fiber materials and the resolution of environmental concern globally. Herein, this study aimed to develop a simple and direct manual extraction process to extract Musa core fibers (MCFs) for rapid water conduction and evaporation. Through simple processes such as ring cutting and stretching, this green and non-destructive inside-out extraction strategy enabled Musa fibers to be naturally and harmlessly degummed from natural Musa stems, with good maintenance of the fiber structure and highly helical morphology. The extracted fibers are composed of regularly and closely arranged cellulose nanofibrils in the shape of ribbon spirally arranged multi-filaments, and the single filament is about 2.65 μm. The high-purity fibers exhibit ultra-high tensile strength under a non-destructive extraction process, and the ultimate tensile strength in dry state is as high as 742.95 MPa. The tensile strength is affected by the number of fiber bundles, which shows that tensile strength and tensile modulus is higher than those of vascular bundle fibers in dry or wet condition. In addition, the MCFs membrane indicates good water conductivity, with a water absorption height of 50 mm for the sample in only 60 s. Moreover, the water evaporation rate of MCFs reaches 1.37 kg m−2 h−1 in 30 min, which shows that MCFs have excellent water conductivity and evaporation rate compared with ordinary cotton fibers. These results indicate that MCFs have great potential in replacing the use of chemical methods to extract fibers from vascular bundles, providing an effective way to achieve sustainability in quick-drying applications, as well as in the sustainable development of natural waste resources.