Family Resources Research Articles

Prediction, Diagnosis and Treatment of Depression in Recent Ten Years

Depression is the second leading cause of disability in the world and has become one of the most prevalent mental illnesses in the world. Due to the high recurrence rate of depression and the fact that it is a disease that can be accompanied by the development of suicidal and bipolar tendencies, it is a great challenge to society and the financial and energy resources of hospital patients' families. However, there is no complete diagnosis and treatment system for depression, so this paper is committed to comprehensively review the contributions of the current studies of the depression diagnosis and treatment in the field of neural activity analysis, machine learning detection technology and neuromodulation, and discusses the development of prediction-diagnosis-treatment path in the future.

Barriers and facilitators to implementing person-centred dementia care in long-term care facilities in Western and Asian countries: a scoping review

BackgroundThere is a gap between the principles of person-centred dementia care and their actual implementation. However, scoping reviews of the barriers and facilitators to implementing person-centred dementia care in long-term care facilities for Western countries and Asian countries are lacking.ObjectiveTo identify and compare the barriers and facilitators to implementing person-centred dementia care in long-term care facilities between Western and Asian countries.MethodsIn line with Arksey and O’Malley’s methodology, a scoping review was conducted and is reported following PRISMA-ScR guidelines. Nine English language databases and three Chinese databases were searched to identify qualitative and quantitative research studies published in English and Chinese. Thematic analysis was used to summarise and characterize the barriers and facilitators to implementing person-centred dementia care in long-term care facilities for Western and Asian countries.ResultsThirty-three studies were included. Over half were conducted in Western countries (n =20). Barriers and facilitators were grouped under four high level themes: Nursing and care staff factors, people living with dementia and family factors, organizational factors, and resource factors. Inadequate knowledge of person-centred care, staffing shortages, time constraints, and low wages were the principal barriers to implementing person-centred dementia care in both Western and Asian countries.ConclusionsThe findings indicate that staff encounter numerous obstacles and needs in implementing person-centred care for people living with dementia in long-term care settings. Educational levels of nursing staff in Western countries were generally higher compared to Asian countries. Additionally, work-related injuries and stigma associated with dementia care presented unique challenges for nursing staff in Asia and were not cited in Western studies. Conversely, family-related factors were more frequently and elaborately cited as influencing person-centred dementia care in Western long-term care facilities. Moreover, Asian studies identified a significant lack of educational training support for person-centred dementia care, as well as shortages in staffing and poor availability of personalized, home-like environments

Country economic status is strongly associated with burn survival - validation of the (modified) ABSI

BackgroundPredicting burn-related mortality is vital for family counseling, triage, and resource allocation. Several of the burn-specific mortality prediction scores have been developed, including the Abbreviated Burn Severity Index (ABSI) in 1982. However, these scores are not tested for accuracy to support contemporary estimates of the global burden of burn injury. This study compares burn mortality across countries with varying economic levels, as indicated by the Human Development Index (HDI), to assess if a modified ABSI (mABSI) offers enhanced predictive accuracy.MethodsA retrospective study was performed, including over 90,000 patients from seven sources in five continents, including two burn registries and five referral burn centers. Data from 2015 to 2019 were collected, including age, gender, presence of inhalation injury, full-thickness burn, percentage of total body surface area, and outcome. The participating countries were classified based on the HDI and mortality was predicted using both the original and the modified ABSI.ResultsAfter removal of incomplete data, 74,460 sets remained for the analysis. Significant variations in population demographics, sample sizes, total body surface area (TBSA), and age distributions across the studied regions were noted. The modified ABSI demonstrated a smaller deviation from the 95% CI of the true survival probability than the original ABSI in countries with a very high or high HDI, indicating improved accuracy here. In these countries, the original ABSI overestimates mortality. Conversely, in countries with a middle or low HDI, the original ABSI remains more accurate, reflecting the significantly greater burn related mortality in countries with a low HDI.ConclusionIn burn patients, the probability of survival remains highly dependent on the level of development of a country. Our results support the use of the modified ABSI in countries with a (very) high HDI, yet in resource constraint settings, the original ABSI seems to provide more accurate predictions. These findings underscore the need for adaptive models that take into account socioeconomic variables, potentially guiding health policy adjustments and emphasizing the necessity of resource allocation and training in lower HDI countries. Such adaptations could enhance clinical outcomes and reduce disparities in burn care effectiveness globally.

Resources for enhancing parental competence in the rehabilitation of a child with disabilities

Introduction. In light of the apparent contradiction between the necessity for parental involvement in the rehabilitation of children with disabilities and the limited competence of many parents, which hinders such participation, it is essential to study the nature of parental competence. This includes examining its levels, factors, and components that contribute to successful rehabilitation outcomes. Aim. The aim of this study is to analyse the resources associated with parental competence, within the context of social capital theory, that enable parents to attain successful outcomes in the rehabilitation process of a child with disabilities. Methodology and research methods. The sample population for this study comprised 500 respondents. The research was conducted between 2022 and 2024 at the Sverdlovsk Regional Disability Rehabilitation Centre in Ekaterinburg. A questionnaire survey was administered to the parents of children with disabilities. In addition to quantitative methods, qualitative techniques were employed to gather empirical data, utilising evaluative and projective approaches to assess various dimensions of family capital, including trust, support, attention, and the closeness of the parent-child relationship. The study also aimed to identify the types of parental positions adopted in relation to the child, which included partnership, mentoring, dominance, and rejection. Furthermore, the focus of parental engagement during rehabilitation activities within the specialised institution was examined, along with an evaluation of the effectiveness of the child’s rehabilitation process. Results and scientific novelty. Based on factor analysis, it has been established that the level of social capital possessed by parents, encompassing both family and non-family resources, directly influences the level of parental competence. Furthermore, the level of income is directly correlated with the type of parental role assumed in relation to the child, while the effectiveness of rehabilitation is significantly dependent on the degree of parental involvement in rehabilitation activities. A majority of parents exhibit a dominant and rejecting stance, which is associated with a low level of social capital and a corresponding low level of competence. In contrast, parents who assume a partner or, to a certain extent, a mentoring role, exhibit a high level of resources, while the resources accessible to other parents are classified as medium-level resources. Practical significance. The research findings can be utilised to formulate strategies aimed at improving the resource allocation for parents, with a particular emphasis on educational resources. This can be achieved by broadening the range of services available to them and establishing an eco-rehabilitation environment.

Forming financial literacy and consumer culture in older preschoolers

Introduction. The development of financial literacy helps preschoolers better understand real life, stimulates economic thinking, and contributes to the formation of qualities inherent in a well-rounded personality. At this age, children not only grasp the basic principles of financial literacy but also gain incentives for continuous learning and exploration throughout their lives. This study aims to explore the potential of an academic program in developing financial literacy and consumer culture among older preschoolers. Materials and methods. The study involved 56 children of older preschool age from State Preschool Organization No. 32 in Andijan, Uzbekistan, and 48 children from Preschool Organization No. 173 in Almaty, Kazakhstan. The primary research method was diagnostic tasks designed to assess economic understanding, based on A.D. Shatov's techniques. Methods of mathematical statistics included the nonparametric χ 2 -Pearson test. Results. The study, conducted across two preschool institutions in Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan, revealed significant differences in the levels of financial literacy and consumer culture among older preschool children. The program "Financial Tales: Adventures in the Land of Financial Literacy" effectively contributed to the development of stable financial literacy and consumer culture in preschoolers, equipping them with the necessary skills for more conscious management of personal and family resources in the future. The program significantly improved motivational (χ 2 = 7.973; p<0.05), cognitive (χ 2 = 7.530; p<0.05), and activity-based (χ 2 = 10.318; p<0.01) components. The program enhances not only financial literacy but also impacts the socio-pedagogical aspects of education, including self-control and proper economic thinking from a young age, aligning with global educational trends. Conclusion. From preschool age, children gradually begin to engage in the economic life of society and financial relationships, including production, exchange, distribution, and consumption of material goods within the family. Therefore, it is crucial to cultivate reasonable economic needs, the ability to align desires with real possibilities, and the belief that diligent work is the primary means of satisfying needs from an early age.

"Aftercare and psychiatric disorders, the experience of the Repairs association! 44

Young adults leaving child protection services face difficulties in accessing housing and rights, but above all social isolation, due to a lack of family resources and friendships as a result of an institutional path strewn with breakdowns. For those with mental health problems, long-term investment in psychiatric care is more than complex. Repairs! 44 strives to change mentalities by drawing on the experiential expertise of its volunteers, so that public opinion becomes aware of the multitude of obstacles these young people face throughout their lives, and aims to make their rights more accessible.

INTEGRATING ORAL HYGIENE AND COGNITIVE HEALTH: GLOBAL INSIGHTS AND INTERGENERATIONAL APPROACHES

Abstract The symposium presents four studies investigating the intersection of oral health, cognitive functions, and healthcare accessibility among older adults in China and India. The first study employs a co-design approach to develop a school-based oral hygiene intervention that leverages intergenerational ties between youths and older adults to enhance oral health education. This initiative demonstrates a promising avenue for promoting healthy behaviors across generations, emphasizing family dynamics and resource allocation in the design of oral health interventions. The second review underscores the potential of regular toothbrushing as a simple yet effective strategy to mitigate cognitive decline and dementia risk. This meta-analysis illuminates the direct benefits of oral hygiene on cognitive functions, advocating for the inclusion of oral hygiene practices in daily routines to promote cognitive health. The third study finds significant correlations between cognitive decline and poor oral health using data from the Longitudinal Aging Study in India, highlighting the urgent need for improved dental care accessibility and oral health education as preventive measures against cognitive impairment. Finally, the fourth study investigates into the dental care utilization patterns among older adults in Shanghai reveals a troublingly low engagement with dental services, exacerbated by socioeconomic disparities and insurance coverage limitations. The study calls for comprehensive reforms to extend dental care access and integrate it within broader health insurance schemes. Together, these studies shed light on the critical link between oral health and cognitive health and propose actionable strategies to improve public health outcomes through enhanced education, policy reform, and community-based interventions. Oral Health Interest Group Sponsored Symposium

ТЕОРЕТИЧНІ АСПЕКТИ ФОРМУВАННЯ ЕКОЛОГІЧНОЇ КОМПЕТЕНТНОСТІ МОЛОДШИХ ШКОЛЯРІВ У ПОЗАШКІЛЬНИХ НАВЧАЛЬНИХ ЗАКЛАДАХ

Introduction. This study addresses the crucial issue of forming ecological competency in primary school children, emphasizing the role of extracurricular educational institutions. Given global ecological challenges, there is a significant need to instill environmental awareness and responsible attitudes in children from an early age. Extracurricular educational institutions, with their flexible programs and unique approaches, play a critical role in this developmental process. Purpose. The article aims to analyze theoretical aspects of forming ecological competency in primary school children within extracurricular settings. The study seeks to identify effective methods and forms of activities that foster ecological knowledge, skills, and values among young learners. Methods. The research employs a theoretical approach, combining literature analysis and a comprehensive examination of existing programs in extracurricular education. Attention is given to methods involving collaboration with public organizations, integrating modern technology, and engaging family and community in environmental education. Result. Findings indicate that extracurricular institutions provide favorable conditions for environmental education through flexible curricula, hands-on activities, and project-based learning. Collaboration with ecological organizations enhances resource availability and enriches learning experiences, while digital tools and interactive platforms expand access to ecological information and stimulate children’s interest in nature. Results suggest that ecological clubs and environmental actions, such as clean-up campaigns and tree-planting events, significantly contribute to fostering ecological responsibility. Originality. This study offers a unique approach to ecological education by emphasizing the integration of family, community, and technological resources in extracurricular settings. It highlights the essential role of social media and digital resources in making environmental education more accessible and appealing to primary school children. Conclusion. In conclusion, the study underscores that extracurricular educational institutions play a pivotal role in forming ecological competency, combining theoretical knowledge with practical experiences. Further research is suggested to explore innovative interactive methods and the impact of family values on sustainable ecological behavior. The results contribute to a broader understanding of how early environmental education in non-formal settings can shape a responsible attitude toward nature and foster sustainable development.

Resilience in Families of Autistic Children and Children With Intellectual Disability During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Resilience in families of autistic children and children with intellectual disability is associated with factors such as family functioning, social support, and financial strain. Little is known about family resilience during the COVID-19 pandemic when many resources were limited. This study examined the association of family resilience with child characteristics, family resources, and socioecological factors during the pandemic. Data collected during the COVID-19 pandemic from 734 United Kingdom parents/caregivers of children who are autistic and/or have intellectual disability were analyzed using path analysis. Greater family resilience was significantly associated with fewer child behavior problems, absence of intellectual disability, higher financial status, and greater family functioning, though not school support. These factors might guide future research and practices to support vulnerable families at risk of low resilience.

From decision to destination: factors influencing healthcare students’ career paths in Qatar

Abstract Background Healthcare education is crucial for building a workforce in Qatar that is in line with Vision 2030. Although various factors influence career choices, little research exists on their impact on healthcare students in Qatar. This study explores the factors influencing healthcare students in Qatar to pursue healthcare careers, as well as the facilitators and challenges they face during their education. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 364 healthcare students in Qatar. Quantitative data was analyzed to identify key factors influencing career choice, while qualitative data provided deeper insights into challenges and support systems. Results Quantitative findings identified “contribution to society” and “quality” as key factors shaping career choices. Demographic variables such as gender, income, and birthplace influenced these decisions. Qualitative analysis revealed that students face numerous challenges, such as academic demands, financial pressures, and logistical difficulties, but these were mitigated by support from family, peers, and institutional resources. Conclusion This study underscores the importance of tailored support systems to foster student retention and success in healthcare education, particularly for students from diverse cultural backgrounds. Policymakers and educators should develop strategies that support a sustainable, culturally competent healthcare workforce in Qatar that meets the nation’s evolving healthcare needs. Clinical trial number Not applicable.

FAMILY CAPITALISM AND THE EXPLOITATION OF NATURAL RESOURCES: A CATALYST TO CLIMATE CHANGE

Capitalism is one of the significant reasons behind the exploitation of the natural resources. Family is the primary unit of Social Structure. The evolution of family structure undergoes various cultural challenges throughout history, from Gynocracy to Patriarchy. Accordingly, the family structure is now divided into the Bourgeoisie and Proletariat families. The bourgeoisie family satisfies the demands of the proletariat family. However, both Family divisions exploit natural resources not for need but for greed. It is explicit that every family is modified into a capitalist family mindset. Most of the time, capitalism exploits natural resources, and that exploitation is the cause of the depletion of natural resources and environmental degradation, thus resulting in climate change. Resource exploitation, particularly natural resource exploitation, significantly contributes to climate change. The development of infrastructure for human needs, technological advancement, and others has never satisfied human expectations, which are unnecessary but an unwanted exploitation of natural resources. Thus, this research paper discusses how the materialistic and capitalist mindset of the family exploits nature and acts as a catalyst for climate change. KEYWORDS: Family system, Materialistic attitudes, climate change, Resource exploitation, and Human greed

Household Income Moderates Longitudinal Relations Between Neighborhood Child Opportunity Index and BMI Growth.

Background: To examine longitudinal associations of early neighborhood Child Opportunity Index 2.0 (COI) with children's BMI trajectories and identify whether household economic resources moderate relations of COI in infancy/toddlerhood and the preschool years to longitudinal BMI growth between 2 and 12 years. Methods: Family data (n = 1091) were drawn from the Family Life Project, a longitudinal study of families residing in rural high-poverty areas. Neighborhood COI was obtained for each developmental period: infancy/toddlerhood (2-15 months) and the preschool years (2-5 years). BMIs were created from anthropometrics collected at six time points. Results: Higher neighborhood COIs during the infancy/toddlerhood (β = -0.0130, p < 0.01) and preschool years (β = -0.0093, p < 0.05) were associated with lower BMI at 5 years of age; although the latter became nonsignificant after adjusting for infancy/toddlerhood COI. Both household income and time spent in poverty moderated associations of infancy/toddlerhood exposure to neighborhood COI with BMI change. Among children residing in not poor households, higher neighborhood level child opportunity was associated with a slower increase in BMI from 2 to 12 years (β = -0.0369, p < 0.05), and a lower BMI at 12 years (β = -0.0395, p < 0.05). Conclusions: Neighborhood COI during the infant and toddler years is longitudinally associated with child growth, and long-term associations are evident among children residing in not poor households. Future work is needed to better understand how family and neighborhood-level resources interact to influence obesity risk, particularly for those at high risk.

Estimating the effects of Basic Income schemes on mental and physical health among adults aged 18 and above in the UK: A microsimulation study

Basic Income is a largely unconditional, regular payment to all permanent residents to support basic needs. It has been proposed as an upstream health intervention by increasing income size and security. Modelling has quantified prospective effects on UK young people’s mental health. This paper extends this analysis to mental and physical health among adults aged 18+ using data from the 2021/22 Family Resources Survey and 12 waves (2009/11-2020/22) of Understanding Society to model the effects of three prospective schemes: 1) (£ per week) £50 per under-18, £75 per 18–64, £205 per 65+; 2) £75, £185, £205; 3) £100, £295, £295. We estimated effects on cases of depressive disorders (SF-12 MCS ≤45.6) and physical health problems (SF-12 PCS ≤50), quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) and willingness-to-pay value gained, as well as direct NHS, personal social services and patients’ associated costs savings regarding depressive disorders. Between 124,000 (95% CI: 86,000–150,000) and 1.005m (95% CI: 845,000–1.402m) cases of depressive disorders and 118,000 (70,000–156,000) to 1.042m (881,000–1.612m) cases of physical health problems could be prevented or postponed each year depending on the scheme. 129,000 (86,000–172,000) to 655,000 (440,000–870,000) QALYs could be gained, valued at £3.87bn (£2.58bn–£5.16bn) to £19.65bn (£13.21bn–£26.10bn). Estimated 2023 NHS and personal social services cost savings are between £126m (£88m–£154m) and £1.026bn (£872m–£1.432bn) assuming 50% of depressive disorders cases are diagnosed and treated at baseline. Estimating savings based on physical health problems is more difficult, but may reflect far greater related NHS and social care spend. Although non-income change impacts are not microsimulated, these findings indicate that Basic Income could provide substantial population health benefits, social return on investment and health and social care system savings. This gives policymakers and researchers an evidence base on which to base trial and policy design. Basic Income; Social determinants; Prevention; Upstream interventions; Microsimulation modelling.

Family Factors Contributing to the Integration of Students Studying at Universities in New Constituent Entities of the Russian Federation into the New Sociocultural Space

Introduction. In the article, the authors consider important aspects of the integration of personality into a new socio-cultural space on the example of students of new territories. Forced migration, including educational migration, can have a significant negative impact on the physical, mental, and emotional state of a person, therefore, factors contributing to and hindering adaptation to a new place require in-depth scientific analysis. Among the numerous factors, family resources are of particular importance, the study of the connections of family resources with the processes of adaptation and integration into a new socio-cultural space was the purpose of the study. Methodology. The study sample consisted of students of the Kherson State Pedagogical University. Empirical data were collected using the methodology “Adaptation of personality to a new socio-cultural environment” (L. V. Yankovsky) and the family resources test II (A. V. Makhnach, Yu. V. Postylyakova). Results. The results obtained in the study showed that the prevailing level of adaptation of students is average, which on the one hand is an indicator of a fairly successful integration into the system of new social ties and relationships, and on the other hand, an indicator that integration into a new socio-cultural space has not yet been completed. An important role in ensuring the process of integration into a new socio-cultural space in conditions of forced migration belongs to the family: relying on all available family resources, successful integration of students is primarily facilitated by family factors such as financial freedom and management of family resources, and the insufficient level of health culture in the family makes it difficult. Conclusions. The data obtained in the study on family factors that promote / hinder the integration of students from new regions into the socio-cultural space of Russia can be used in the development and implementation by universities of effective programs for psychological and pedagogical support of students.

Uncovering structural barriers to youth engagement in professional sports in Belgrade: A qualitative study

The structural barriers faced by young athletes in Belgrade during their transition to professional sports are analyzed in the context of socio-economic changes, with particular focus on the impact of transitioning to adulthood in post-socialist societies like Serbia. Utilizing the theoretical approach of social biography, the study examines how social structures and individual actions shape the life trajectories of these young athletes. The qualitative research includes semi-structured interviews with athletes from professional clubs in Belgrade, the epicenter of sports activities in the country. The aim is to identify the key structural barriers that hinder the professional development of athletes and to analyze the strategies they use to overcome these obstacles. The findings show that these challenges result from the complex interaction of socio-structural constraints and reliance on family resources, significantly shaping their social biographies and careers in sports.

Inpatient stroke rehabilitation activity: Barriers, enablers, and changes in activity behaviour with diary use

The Australian Stroke Foundation guidelines recommend participation in at least 3 hours of physical and occupational therapy daily during stroke rehabilitation. The majority of services in Australia do not currently meet this guideline. This study explored the usefulness of activity diary implementation in increasing activity during inpatient stroke rehabilitation and identified barriers and enablers to activity level guideline adherence, as perceived by clinicians. Using a mixed-methods, longitudinal embedded-design study, two participant cohorts were recruited: people undergoing inpatient stroke rehabilitation and stroke rehabilitation clinicians. Behaviour mapping pre- and post-implementation of activity diaries measured inpatient activity levels. Clinician surveys assessed enablers and barriers to inpatient activity level guideline adherence, both pre- and post-implementation. Twelve adults undergoing inpatient stroke rehabilitation were included. Trends toward reduced time spent sedentary (d = –0.797, 95% confidence interval (CI) [–1.811, 0.217]), increased independent ADL practice (d = 0.861, 95% CI [–0.159, 1.88]), and lower limb active practice were noted after diary implementation (d = 0.778, 95% CI [–0.234, 1.791]). Sixteen clinicians completed 14 pre-diary implementation and nine post-implementation surveys. The main themes identified as clinician-perceived barriers to activity level guideline adherence included de-prioritisation of activity, staff shortages, caseload demands, lack of family and patient-friendly resources, and stroke-related factors. The facilitators included activity diaries, behaviour change, and multidisciplinary communication. Active time among people undergoing inpatient stroke rehabilitation increased after implementation of the diaries. Despite the identified institutional barriers to inpatient activity engagement, activity diaries may assist in promoting an increase in activity among people undergoing inpatient stroke rehabilitation.

Between cultures and traditions: a qualitative investigation of sexual and reproductive health experiences of immigrant adolescents in Canada

Immigrant adolescents in Canada face challenges accessing accurate sexual and reproductive health (SRH) information and services. Many challenges stem from taboos associated with SRH, cultural and religious restrictions, and social beliefs regarding the unnecessity of SRH education for adolescents. We explored the SRH experiences of immigrant adolescents in the context of their cultural and religious perspectives. We engaged adolescents as collaborators and active participants in the research process. With the support of an Adolescent Advisory Group (AAG) and community partners, we conducted qualitative interviews with immigrant adolescents in Edmonton, Toronto, and Vancouver (n = 58). Through thematic analysis, we identified three broad themes: (1) ‘What’s really happening?’ Experiencing body changes from puberty to adulthood; (2) ‘It’s something that’s shameful’: Encountering myths, misperceptions, and norms about SRH; and (3) ‘I’ll be there for you’: Navigating family and digital resources for support. Our findings highlight the specific SRH challenges faced by immigrant adolescents in Canada, such as differences between cultural values, and communication barriers within families. Dealing with SRH matters is dependent on education, family readiness, and personal values attached to these topics. Programmes must focus on engaging cultural and religious preferences and tailoring interventions to adolescents’ needs.

Development of a tool measuring various aspects of social detachment: The social detachment questionnaire for older population

BackgroundSocial detachment includes the subjective aspect “loneliness” and the objective aspect “social isolation,” but tools to assess both dimensions are limited. This study aims to develop a questionnaire, the Social Detachment Questionnaire for Older Population (SDQO), that considers multiple dimensions of social detachment simultaneously. MethodsThe study collected 600 valid samples from individuals aged 55 and above to examine the psychometric properties of the developed SDQO. Item analysis was conducted to assess the performance of each item, and exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was employed to analyze its initial structure and eliminate less ideal items. Subsequently, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to examine the model fit of the suggested structure by EFA, using different subsamples. Internal consistency, concurrent validity, and other analyses were also performed. ResultsThe original 27-item SDQO was reduced to 17 items after removing 4 questions in item analysis and 6 questions in EFA. The Cronbach's alpha for the 17-item version of SDQO was 0.80. Both EFA and CFA supported its 6-factor structure, with factors identified as community activities, loneliness, personal resources, leisure activities, friendship, and family resources. SDQO also demonstrated expected performance in concurrent validity. ConclusionThe 17-item version of SDQO exhibited good reliability and validity, measuring various aspects of social detachment behavior, feelings, and resources. It holds value for future research applications.

The status of active after-school clubs among primary school children in England (UK) after the COVD-19 lockdowns: implications for policy and practice

Abstract Background Children’s physical activity in England is more dependent on active clubs after the COVID-19 pandemic. However, it is unclear how the COVID-19 pandemic and related cost-of-living crisis have impacted on active club participation, costs and provision. This mixed-methods natural experiment explored school-based and community-based active clubs after lockdowns, using a unique combination of data sources to highlight implications for policy and practice post-COVID-19. Methods Cross-sectional questionnaire data on school and community active clubs were collected from 10-11-year-old children pre-COVID-19 in 2017-18 (N = 1,296; 50 schools), in 2021 (N = 393; 23 schools), and 2022 (N = 463; 27 schools). Club participation and attendance frequency were modelled using logistic and Poisson mixed effects models, adjusted for child age, gender and household education. In 2021 and 2022, parents reported expenditure on community-based clubs and schools provided data on school-based club provision, with data summarised descriptively. Qualitative data were collected in 2021 and 2022, with one-to-one interviews with school staff (N = 18) and parents (N = 43), and twelve child focus groups (N = 92), and analysed using the framework method. Results School-based active club participation was higher in 2022 compared to pre-pandemic (50% /43%), while community-based club participation was lower (74%/80%). Children attended 0.3 fewer clubs per week. Those from lower education households were less likely to participate in both types of active clubs, and girls less likely to attend community clubs. In 2022, the median cost of community and school club sessions were £6.67 and £3.88 respectively, with 52% of school-based clubs free to parents. Schools offered an average of 3.4 active clubs per week for 10-11-year-olds in 2022, with 34% partly/wholly subsidised. Qualitative analysis highlighted the impact of the cost-of-living crisis and COVID-19 pandemic on family resources, encouraging a shift to more affordable and convenient school-based active clubs, which negatively impacted the community-based active club environment. However, many schools struggled to meet this increased demand. Conclusions Findings emphasise the importance for policymakers to support schools to meet increased demand for clubs and community clubs to increase affordable and convenient physical activity opportunities. Targeted support is needed to prevent socioeconomic and gender inequalities.

Aging in Place in a Depopulated, Mountainous Area: The Role of Hometown-Visiting Family Members in Shimogo, Japan

In this study, we examined the factors that contribute to successful aging in place in the town of Shimogo, a depopulated mountainous area in Japan, focusing on the interplay between household support types, the performance of daily activities, and the involvement of geographically dispersed family members. A mixed-methods approach was used, combining survey data with multiple correspondence analysis and cluster analysis. The resident household findings reveal significant differences in community engagement and reliance on community support across three household support types: self-help, mutual aid, and combined support. The self-help households demonstrated high self-sufficiency and community participation, while the mutual-aid and combined-support households exhibited greater reliance on family and community resources. An analysis of the activities of out-migrated relatives uncovered diverse engagement profiles, motivated by both providing practical support and strengthening family bonds. The visit frequencies and activity types of the relatives were significantly influenced by both their own characteristics and the levels of self-reliance and community support needs of the resident households. Four distinct relative engagement clusters emerged, reflecting varying levels of support, community involvement, and visit frequency. Our findings underscore the crucial role of both informal (family) and formal (community) support networks in facilitating successful aging in place in rural depopulated areas. Policy implications include strategies supporting both self-reliance and the diverse mechanisms of family- and community-based support to ensure the sustainability of life in these challenging environments.