Transfer Of Resources Research Articles

Minimal sourced and lightweight federated transfer learning models for skin cancer detection

One of the most fatal diseases that affect people is skin cancer. Because nevus and melanoma lesions are so similar and there is a high likelihood of false negative diagnoses challenges in hospitals. The aim of this paper is to propose and develop a technique to classify type of skin cancer with high accuracy using minimal resources and lightweight federated transfer learning models. Here minimal resource based pre-trained deep learning models including EfficientNetV2S, EfficientNetB3, ResNet50, and NasNetMobile have been used to apply transfer learning on data of shape. To compare with applied minimal resource transfer learning, same methodology has been applied using best identified model i.e. EfficientNetV2S for images of shape. The identified minimal and lightweight resource based EfficientNetV2S with images of shape have been applied for federated learning ecosystem. Both, identically and non-identically distributed datasets of shape have been applied and analyzed through federated learning implementations. The results have been analyzed to show the impact of low-pixel images with non-identical distributions over clients using parameters such as accuracy, precision, recall and categorical losses. The classification of skin cancer shows an accuracy of IID 89.83% and Non-IID 90.64%.

Event-based reinforcement learning algorithm for dynamic resource allocation in smart grid

In this paper, we propose a dynamic event-based distributed reinforcement learning algorithm to address the resource allocation problem in a smart grid. The main challenge lies in the presence of unknown resource transfer functions and cost functions. Our objective is to discover a set of resource allocation solutions that minimise the total cost functions over a specified period. Our approach involves re-constructing a new convex optimisation problem to facilitate the approximation of Q-values in the reinforcement learning training process. Additionally, to avoid continuous communication, we integrate an event-based distributed optimisation approach to approximate the action-value function. We support our methodology with theoretical proofs that establish the validity of the event-triggered conditions and demonstrate the algorithm's convergence. We further validate the algorithm's feasibility through an illustrative example involving output power allocation in a smart grid.

Intergenerational Relationships and Family Support: Implications for Health and Wellbeing.

This review summarizes research projects supported by the National Institute on Aging (NIA) that have contributed scholarship on intergenerational relationships and support provided to older adults that frequently precedes, and is often complementary to, intensive caregiving. We review NIA-supported projects that have almost exclusively focused on intergenerational relationships and involved primary data collections, and others making use of omnibus aging and family studies that have allowed a variety of investigations on this topic. Where the former set of studies has generated deeply phenotypic analyses-comprehensive fine-grained analyses of relational data in specialized samples-the latter set has focused on analyses of secondary data, often from national samples which include information on intergenerational relationships. Early research funded by NIA addressed the factors underlying cohesion across generations, including the Longitudinal Study of Generations. Subsequent studies shed light on the dynamics of ties between siblings or across multiple generations in navigating support and affection. Studies have revealed important information about transfers of tangible and non-tangible resources, loss of parent or child, and diversity by race, ethnicity, and gender. NIA funding has made important inroads in understanding a relationship that is of primary importance in individuals' lives for their health and well-being.

Can green finance mitigate Dutch disease? Evidence from China

This study investigates the mitigating effects of green finance on Dutch disease in China, using panel data from 30 provinces (excluding Tibet, Hong Kong, and Macau) from 2011–2021. Employing dynamic threshold effect models and mediation effect models, it identifies a resource curse phenomenon at the provincial level, indicative of Dutch disease, which negatively impacts economic growth. The research demonstrates that green finance plays a significant role in alleviating the Dutch disease effect, with its impact varying across different regions and conditions. Notably, areas like the Eastern regions, zones with weak natural resource endowments, financial reform pilot zones, and regions with lower levels of manufacturing development show stronger mitigation effects. The study also highlights the spending and resource transfer effects as key mechanisms through which the resource curse suppresses manufacturing by diminishing export competitiveness and transferring labor away from manufacturing, thereby hindering productivity improvements. Based on these findings, the study recommends enhancing resource management, strengthening green financial systems, focusing on heterogeneity effects, and leveraging green finance to limit the growth of resource-dependent industries, thus breaking the transmission mechanism of Dutch disease and its exacerbating effects on the resource curse.

Distinguishing collaboration activities from related criminal offences: issues of theory and practice

The study provides a comprehensive theoretical and legal analysis of the issue of distinguishing collaborative activities from related criminal offences within the context of safeguarding Ukraine’s national security. The relevance of this topic is driven by the necessity for precise criminal law classification of collaborationist activities under conditions of armed aggression and the importance of differentiating this offence from related criminal acts to enhance the effectiveness of legal enforcement. This work conducts an in-depth analysis of the regulatory framework governing responsibility for collaborative activities, identifying specific characteristics of this type of offence. Special attention is devoted to a comparative examination of the objective and subjective elements of crimes defined in Articles 111, 111-1, 111-2, 436, and 436-2 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine. Through systematic analysis, key criteria are identified to distinguish collaboration from acts of state treason, assistance to an aggressor state, and war propaganda. The primary differentiating features include the specifics of the subject composition, territorial scope, the nature of transferred material resources, the public nature of actions, the intent direction, and the purpose of the activities. The study examines the objective aspects of collaboration, including the public nature of actions, the transfer of material resources, and informational activities. It also defines the subject composition of the examined criminal offences and their territorial attachment. Issues surrounding the differentiation of collaborative activities in the form of material resource transfer and assistance to an aggressor state are explored, particularly in terms of ownership rights over transferred resources. The distinctive qualifications of political and informational collaboration are outlined. A holistic approach to distinguishing collaborationist activities from related offences is substantiated, requiring a systematic interpretation of criminal law norms in connection with all elements of a criminal offence.

Колабораційна діяльність та пособництво державі-агресору: теоретико-практичне розмежування

Abstract. This article is dedicated to the analysis of newly introduced provisions in the Criminal Code of Ukraine, which criminalize such offenses as "collaborative activities" and "assistance to the aggressor state." Research into the practices of law enforcement agencies in investigating these crimes has revealed complexity in distinguishing between the aforementioned offenses and related provisions of the same Code that were adopted earlier. This necessitated a deeper analysis of this issue. The article provides a theoretical analysis of Articles 1111 and 1112 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine, demonstrating certain similarities in their formulations. This can be explained by the urgent need for their rapid adoption in light of the international armed conflict initiated by the Russian Federation on February 24, 2024. The legislature, aiming to prevent future offenses by individuals residing in the occupied territories, defined a range of criminally punishable acts but somewhat allowed for tautology and included concepts lacking universally accepted meanings in the process of drafting these provisions. The identified errors in drafting these norms contribute to the complexity of developing judicial practice and correctly applying them in practice. Against the backdrop of the theoretical analysis of these norms, the authors proposed their differentiation, particularly between Part 4 of Article 1111 and the relevant part of Article 1112, which envisage "voluntary collection, preparation, and/or transfer of material resources or other assets to representatives of the aggressor state." It is suggested to differentiate these nearly identical forms of criminal acts based on the form of possession of material resources and assets or the circle of subjects to whom they are addressed. Given the aforementioned issues, in July 2022, a bill was introduced to the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine proposing amendments to the Criminal Code of Ukraine. The project contains a revised version of Article 1111 "Collaborative Activities," which includes an updated list of criminal offenses, including those envisaged in Article 1112 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine (the latter is proposed for exclusion). According to the authors, these changes will eliminate all contentious issues regarding the complexity of distinguishing between these and related norms, which in turn will positively affect the work of law enforcement agencies. Keywords: collaborative activities; assistance to the aggressor state; state treason; occupation authority; occupied territories; armed conflict.

Model Optimization and Dynamic Analysis of Inventory Management in Manufacturing Enterprises

This study investigates inventory management systems using a sample of listed manufacturing companies in China from 2019 to 2023. By constructing a static mathematical model, the impact of inventory management on corporate performance was empirically tested. Additionally, based on a classical inventory management dynamical model and considering inventory delay characteristics, a new class of two-dimensional inventory management systems was reconstructed. The system’s periodic and chaotic nonlinear characteristics were verified using 0-1 tests, bifurcation diagrams, Lyapunov exponents, and system eigenvalue plots. Furthermore, MATLAB simulations were employed to examine the effect of resource transfer rates on the nonlinear dynamic behavior of the inventory management system. The results from both static mathematical models and dynamical models provide a theoretical basis for inventory management and safety stock level predictions in the manufacturing industry.

Beyond the Veil of Market Prices - The Implications of Ecologically Unequal Exchange for Conceptualizations of Technological Development: A Critical Survey

Abstract This article surveys the emergence of theories of ecologically unequal exchange (EUE) and outlines the implications of an EUE perspective for a materialist conceptualization of trade and technological development. It briefly traces the progression of new perspectives and methodologies for identifying EUE from the early 1970s, reviewing the genealogy of concerns with asymmetric global transfers of embodied energy, materials, land, and labor that are obscured by the fictive reciprocity of market prices. Trade that is perceived by mainstream economists as balanced in monetary terms may be highly asymmetric in terms of transfers of biophysical resources. Contrary to the mainstream view, EUE theory holds that the material substance of traded commodities may have significant implications for the capacity of different geographical areas to accumulate technological infrastructure, achieve economic growth, and displace environmental pressures to other regions or countries. The article argues that such non-monetary transfers should be understood in terms of biophysical metrics rather than economic values, shifting the perspective from monetary valuation to the material properties of traded commodities. Net transfers of embodied resources through trade do not just represent economic cost-shifting but are physically constitutive of productive infrastructures. This focus on social metabolism signifies an ontological shift from neoclassical to ecological economics. The EUE perspective illuminates how modern technologies are no less fetishized than other commodities in the sense that they obscure social relations of exchange. It indicates that local technological progress, such as the Industrial Revolution in Britain, may reflect asymmetric global resource flows.

An approach for K-modes cluster analysis to examine direct resource transfers in brazilian public agreements for innovation and rural development

This article presents an innovative approach to K-modes cluster analysis applied to public agreements signed by the Secretariat of Innovation, Rural Development, and Irrigation (SDI) of the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock, and Supply (MAPA) of Brazil. The agreements were signed between 2019 and early 2023. The main goal is to identify patterns and trends in resource transfers for innovation and sustainable rural development in Brazil. This study analyzed 10,098 agreements using the Design Science Research Methodology, refined over three cycles. The K-modes method is particularly suitable for handling categorical data. It enables the clustering of agreements based on similar characteristics, such as geographic region served, purpose, the year the agreement was signed, the total value of expense items, and the status of the agreement. The results demonstrate that the K-modes approach overcomes typical limitations of traditional clustering methods, including sensitivity to outliers, restriction to numerical data, and difficulty handling clusters of varying sizes and densities. Additionally, it addresses issues related to the lack of interpretability of the generated clusters. This study advances the application of the K-modes method in analyzing direct resource transfer mechanisms for innovation and rural development, a still unexplored area. The proposed approach can be generalized to examine direct resource transfer mechanisms in different countries, contributing to enhancing public policies on a global scale. Despite structural differences, resource transfers aimed at innovation and rural development aim to direct public funds to initiatives that improve living conditions and the agricultural sector’s competitiveness.

Virtuous victimhood as a Dark Triad resource transfer strategy

Virtuous victim signals have been described as a resource transfer strategy motivated by dark traits of narcissism and Machiavellianism Ok et al. (2021). Here we report direct replication of key predictions of this claim, test robustness to alternative predictors, and explore possible roles for sadism within virtuous-victim signalling. Study 1 (N = 750, preregistered) replicated significant, large, associations of virtuous victim signalling with communal narcissism and Machiavellianism. Study 2 (N = 750, preregistered) tested robustness of the association using an alternative victim signalling measure. The results again replicated, this time with larger effects (β = 0.41 for narcissism and β = 0.22 for Machiavellianism). Virtuous-victim status releases resources to the claimant but also leaves the accused as targets for attack. We therefore explored (study 3) whether a further dark trait – sadism –predicted exploitation of this victimization opportunity. Sadism was significantly and specifically associated with engaging in and enjoying attacks on accused. The results provide independent support for virtuous victim signalling as narcissistic Machiavellianism. Dark traits may be adapted to exploit the resources released to victims, and opportunities for resource-capture provided by victimizing others under a righteous guise.

Social Dialogue as an Instrument of Institutional Governance in Social Development

The article discusses the role of social dialogue in Russia as an instrument of institutional governance in social development. The author analyzes the distinctive features of social dialogue as a unique social institution with transformative potential for overcoming societal fragmentation and polarization. The search for adequate forms of social participation becomes particularly acute in light of the growing threat of sociocultural divisions between modernization-oriented and traditionalist analytical frameworks of social development. The study explores two main aspects of the functioning of social dialogue: its role in securing public support for governmental programs and in forming effective mechanisms for social participation within the system of relations between the federal center and the regions. Social dialogue in the “center – regions” system emerges when the negotiation process involves not only governmental (authority) structures but also public representatives. Citizen participation in negotiations represents a specific form of self-determination by population segments either supporting or opposing particular joint project between the center and the region. The absence of comprehensive social dialogue may lead to significant challenges in implementing state programs, while its proper organization enhances their effectiveness. The author provides an example of unifying mechanisms for implementing the principle of social participation through the formation of a poly-subject interaction environment and the “assembly of subjects” (V.E. Lepsky’s term) in regional development. The article concludes that the institutionalization of social dialogue facilitates the transfer of certain rights and resources from the center to the regions in managing socio-economic processes, promotes the development of flexibility and adaptability in dialogical practices while simultaneously abandoning the rigid command-administrative management model, and strengthens partnership interactions among participants in social development.

Monetary flows for inter-regional health mobility: The case of Italy

This study investigates the dynamics of healthcare mobility in Italy, where citizens have the freedom to access medical treatment across regions. More than half a million patients, primarily from the Southern regions, engage in healthcare mobility, resulting in a total inter-regional transfer of resources amounting to about €3.7 billion in 2019. Leveraging a unique dataset spanning from 2002 to 2019, this research examines financial flows among regions using a network analysis, and identifies the factors influencing monetary flows through a gravity model. Socioeconomic disparities and the availability of specialized services in some regions are the key drivers. Regions with higher healthcare quality and the presence of private licensed hospitals attract more funds. This study offers valuable insights into the intricacies of interregional monetary flows, and finds further evidence of the persistent Italian territorial dualism, which can inform healthcare policy and promote regional equity considerations.

Metabolites from intact phage-infected Synechococcus chemotactically attract heterotrophic marine bacteria.

Chemical cues mediate interactions between marine phytoplankton and bacteria, underpinning ecosystem-scale processes including nutrient cycling and carbon fixation. Phage infection alters host metabolism, stimulating the release of chemical cues from intact plankton, but how these dynamics impact ecology and biogeochemistry is poorly understood. Here we determine the impact of phage infection on dissolved metabolite pools from marine cyanobacteria and the subsequent chemotactic response of heterotrophic bacteria using time-resolved metabolomics and microfluidics. Metabolites released from intact, phage-infected Synechococcus elicited strong chemoattraction from Vibrio alginolyticus and Pseudoalteromonas haloplanktis, especially during early infection stages. Sustained bacterial chemotaxis occurred towards live-infected Synechococcus, contrasted by no discernible chemotaxis towards uninfected cyanobacteria. High-throughput microfluidics identified 5'-deoxyadenosine and 5'-methylthioadenosine as key attractants. Our findings establish that, before lysis, phage-infected picophytoplankton release compounds that attract motile heterotrophic bacteria, suggesting a mechanism for resource transfer that might impact carbon and nutrient fluxes across trophic levels.

Reproductive resilience: pathways to gametogenic success in Montipora capitata after bleaching

Thermal bleaching, or the loss of symbiotic algae that provide most energetic resources for the coral host, is an increasing threat to reefs worldwide and is projected to worsen with climate change. While bleaching is a well-recognized threat, the impact on the process of reproduction in bleaching survivors is not well resolved, despite being central to coral resilience. Montipora capitata can survive bleaching while completing a full gametogenic cycle, offering an ideal system to study gametogenic resilience and physiological tradeoffs. We experimentally bleached fragments of M. capitata colonies and followed their gametogenesis and physiological responses for 10 months (six time points). All bleached colonies produced gametes at the same time as controls, suggesting that reproductive processes were energetically prioritized. However, proteomic analysis revealed tradeoffs and delays in activating key physiological processes earlier in gametogenesis in areas such as skeletal growth and reproductive hormone synthesis. Tradeoffs during the gametogenic cycle, likely a direct response to thermal bleaching, resulted in smaller oocytes from bleached colonies, potentially indicating decreased transfer of parental resources to gametes. While gametogenesis is likely to continue in this species, it is unknown how the fecundity, synchrony of spawning, viability and success of future offspring may be impacted by future bleaching events.

The Water-Land-Food nexus reveals growing resource export pressure in middle-income economies

Water, land, and food constitute essential components of agricultural supply chains, yet their interconnections remain unclear. Here we used the multi-regional input-output, in conjunction with the nexus index, to analyze the impact of agricultural trade on water and land efficiency. An average of 38.07 % of land use and 28.27 % of water consumption embedded in agricultural commodities was used for interregional trade from 1995 to 2015. Overall, the trading flows transferring from resource-rich and underdeveloped economies to resource-poor and developed economies enhanced the resource efficiency on a global scale, with average land and water efficiency rising by 68.23 % and 56.11 %, respectively. But the growth intensity of commodities’ exports has limited the improvement of resource efficiency in exporting countries, particularly in net middle-income exporters such as Brazil, India, and Indonesia. The pressure of land and water transfers varies across commodities. Crop-based products account for 72.39 % of water resource flow, while meat-based products account for 67.61 % of land resource flow. Among these, vegetable, fruit, and nut, which have the highest water-land-food nexus, is playing an increasingly significant role in the global pattern of resource transfer. The study proposed targeted measures for sustainable agricultural management through efficiency calculation in Water-Land-Food nexus.

The Samaritan bureaucracy in international transfers

AbstractConventional wisdom tells us that other-regarding sentiments are desirable as they yield positive social outcomes. However, the consequences of other-regarding behaviors are broadly ambiguous and may have unintended consequences, especially when they must pass through institutional filters. In this paper, we use the Samaritan’s Dilemma model to understand the perverse unintended consequences of institutionalized commitments to resource transfers expressed through international transfer organizations (ITOs), the collection of government and non-government international organizations involved in transferring foreign assistance. To do so, we maintain the core logic of the classic Samaritan’s Dilemma model but alter its assumptions to account for two features of international transfers. First, transfers are channeled through an ITO bureaucracy, which we call a “Samaritan Bureaucracy.” Second, the recipient effects that extend beyond a single person (the target recipient) to include various heterogeneous individuals. We illustrate these effects by analyzing two different harmful recipient effects—reinforcing a corrupt status quo and exacerbating social conflict.

A Review Paper on IPv4 and IPv6: A Comprehensive Survey

Even though more customers are regularly coming to the Internet, IPv4 addresses have been reduced by the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) and have been deactivated in domain name registries (RIRs). IPv6, being the sole important next-generation Internet protocol, has yet to be fully developed and deployed, owing to the lack of a scheme that might address the transfer of IPv4 resources to IPv6 networks as well as collective communication between the two incompatible protocols. The Transmission Control Protocol/Internet protocol version 4 (TCP/IPv4) addresses have been reported as being on the verge of collapsing, while the next generation Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) is being identified on a regular basis. Among other advantages, IPv6 provides a significantly wider address space, better address design, and more security. IPv6 distribution necessitates a thorough and meticulous setup in order to avoid network disturbance and reap the benefits of IPv6. Because of the problems with IPv4, IPv6 is currently becoming increasingly popular among organizations, businesses, and Internet Service Providers (ISP). This paper we will explores the evolution of Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4), its key features, challenges, and limitations, and examines how Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) addresses these issues. Additionally, we will highlight the key differences between the two protocols and discuss the transition process from IPv4 to IPv6.

Leveraging para-sport events for accessible tourism development in non-host cities: Tokyo 2020 Paralympic Games

PurposeThis study aimed to explore Tokyo 2020’s non-host cities leveraging the Paralympic Games for accessible tourism development. Following their successful bid, the Japanese government launched a national initiative to promote an inclusive society, extending beyond Tokyo to include other regions and achieving the social model of disability. In particular, this study examined why and how non-host cities leveraged para-sport events for accessible tourism development.Design/methodology/approachWe conducted multiple case studies focusing on three non-host cities that engaged in the national initiative from Tokyo 2020. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews with city employees from the authorities in October 2019 and the municipal council meeting minutes mentioning the initiative.FindingsThematic analysis identified contexts, strategic objectives, resources and means comprising the leveraging processes, differing from the previously suggested leveraging process. Notably, non-host cities embarked on leveraging when they realized alignment between their existing policies and the national initiative. Contrary to assumptions, our findings suggest that sport event leveraging does not always require pre-existing resources. This study also revealed the transfer of various resources (e.g. human, financial, social, image of the event) during the process. Additionally, non-host cities prioritize physical accessibility and a barrier-free mindset for accessible tourism development, diverging from typical sport event impacts on local tourism.Originality/valueThis research provides insights and lessons from Tokyo 2020, guiding future para-sport events. Focusing on the pre-event phase, our data not only enhances research quality by minimizing interviewee recall bias but also contributes to a deeper understanding of ongoing leveraging efforts.

System-environment quantum information flow

The return of the information from the environment to the system is a phenomenon that can be related to the existence of non-Markovian mechanisms in the environment, and such a transformation of resources can be useful for quantum information applications. Thus, understanding the details of the system-environment information dynamics, i.e., the transference of quantum resources, is of key importance to design noise-resilient quantum technologies. In this Letter, we show how a quantum resource propagates from the main system to an environment, using as a model a single qubit coupled to two linear chains of qubits, and also the information dynamics among the environment qubits. In this way, we characterize the propagation of information leaving the main qubit and going through the environment. Finally, we connect the conditions for the emergence of this dynamics to the existence of quantum Darwinism. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

Continuous cropping obstacles: Insights from the community composition and the imbalance carbon fluxes within soil nematode food web

Long-term continuouscroppingcan lead to the deterioration of soil environment and the decrease of soil productivity. However, the biological mechanism on the negative effects of long-term continuous cropping has not been extensively explored. Soil nematode food web with multiple trophic levels play critical roles in nutrient cycling and energy flowing in the agroecosystem. Quantifying the carbon flux through different trophic channels within the nematode food web can indicate how continuous cropping influences carbon cycling in the agroecosystem by altering soil biota communities. Therefore, the effects of continuous peanut cropping with different years (1, 5, 20, and 30 years) on soil properties, soil nematode community composition, carbon flux within nematode food web and crop yields were investigated. Results showed that soil pH significantly decreased with increasing continuous cropping years. Differently, soil organic carbon and total nitrogen were the highest in 20-year, and decreased in 30-year of continuous cropping. As continuous cropping years increased, the relative abundance of microbivorous nematodes decreased and that of plant parasites reached as high as 76.11 % and 68.22 % in 20- and 30-year, respectively. Pearson correlation analysis revealed the nematode diversity, the carbon flux uniformity and peanut yield had a significant negative correlation with continuous cropping years. The random forest model indicated that the soil pH and the relative abundance of plant parasites were the key influence factor of the carbon flux uniformity within soil nematode food web. Outbreaks of plant parasites lead to the disruption of carbon flux uniformity within soil nematode food web, which can increase the risk of peanut yield decline after long-term continuous cropping. In conclusion, continuous peanut cropping changed soil properties, reduced soil nematode diversity, and disturbed the multitrophic carbon flux complementarity and uniformity in soil nematode food web, ultimately limiting the crop productivity. This study enhances our understanding of the importance of the resource transfers among soil food web in maintaining sustainable agroecosystem productivity.