Transfer Of Resources Research Articles

Neuer Aufbruch ins globale Bankgeschäft: Die Personal- und Steuerungsprobleme der Deutschen Bank beim Einstieg ins internationale Investmentbanking

Abstract The article examines the genesis, perception and handling of the staffing and governance problems of Deutsche Bank, which stemmed from its entry into international investment banking in the mid-1980s and which have remained virulent into the bank’s recent past. Why was it not possible to prevent the blatant, extremely costly and permanently reputation-damaging breaches of rules by many investment bankers in this business area? An important explanatory factor seems to be the only half-hearted adherence to the concept of a global universal bank with integrated investment banking, while investment banking – which expanded strongly through the acquisitions of Morgan Grenfell (1989) and Bankers Trust (1998) – was de facto granted extensive autonomy within the group and a continuous but not precisely recorded transfer of resources by the parent company.

Ecological utility analysis of the Australian economic sectors based on embodied energy

The uncontrolled socioeconomic development through substantial consumptions and transfers of materials, energy and other natural resources plays a significant effect on the deterioration of the ecological environment. How to quantify these consumptions and transfers has been a difficult issue and attracted many researchers from various disciplines. The purpose of this research aims to reveal the ecological utility of the Australian economic sectors based on embodied energy. The research commences with the development of embodied energy input–output tables of Australia and then adopts the ecological network analysis (ENA) principles combined with the hypothetical extraction method (HEM) to investigate the interaction of sectoral embodied energy the economic system. A utility value matrix is used to determine the ecological relationship from one sector to another, the degree of mutualism of the entire economic system and its synergism, and the importance of a sector in the economic system. The ecological relationships of all pairs of economic sectors revealed from this research can be used to describe the Australian economic system from the perspective of embodied energy. The long-term development interests of various industries in Australia can be balanced and adjusted according to the positive and negative ecological relationship. The influence of the specific structure on the industry is measured by the connectivity and diversity of the energy network.

Transitioning from CSR to CSV in a foreign subsidiary in China through temporal decoupling

Our qualitative case study explores how Kirin Beer Zhuhai (KBZ), a China based subsidiary of a Japanese multinational corporation, under a mandate from the HQ, changed from embracing corporate social responsibility (CSR) to adopting creating shared value (CSV). This entailed some movement away from projects that were deemed to be about CSR, where there had been an exclusive focus on social rather than economic goals. There were corresponding attempts to adopt projects about CSV, addressing both social and economic goals. Faced with trade-offs between economic and social goals, managers at KBZ appeared to be adopting a temporal form of policy-practice decoupling. Under this, some CSV projects were targeting temporally proximal economic goals along with temporally distal social goals, while other CSV projects were targeting temporally proximal social goals along with temporally distal economic goals. Our main contribution is developing the concept of temporal decoupling as a tool for analyzing dilemmas (e.g., local versus global demands) and resolving trade-offs (e.g., social versus economic goals). Temporal decoupling enabled KBZ to progress toward CSV without resource transfers from the headquarters, with yin-yang balancing as the mechanism, under which competing goals were temporarily traded-off through partial separation, while achieving some synergy through partial integration.

Constructing Orange Economy to Sustaining Local Communities in Bali, Indonesia

The sustainability of local communities whose economic and social well-being depends on nature, culture and place-based knowledge is threatened when transfers of ideas, investments and resources occur at the global level in the era of globalization. When global trends have an impact on local populations, traditional ways of managing community resource development may be outdated. Therefore, to support the sustainability of local communities in Bali where culture is at the core of sustainable development, we propose a conceptual framework through a multi-disciplinary approach to guide researchers and policies in these interconnected cultural, economic and social fields. This article reveals three dynamic components; the place identity with local wisdom as a character in which the Balinese concept of the balance and harmony of life between beliefs, nature, and people, known as Tri Hita Karana as the basis, orange economy as an opportunity for economic activities based on a culture that is constructed, and culturally sustainable development and policies that should support the components.

Housing wealth inequality, intergenerational transfers and young households in the super-homeownership system

This article focuses on the problem of housing wealth inequality as an increasingly important dimension of social inequality in post-socialist super-homeownership countries and uses the Czech Republic as a case study. The article shows that housing wealth inequality is higher than income inequality and that it tends to grow in time, especially due to the spatially uneven appreciation of house prices. However, intergenerational housing-related within-family resource transfers have a mitigating effect on growing wealth inequality. Using a microsimulation model, the article shows that any discontinuation of transfers could significantly increase housing wealth inequality in the future, especially among young families. Unlike in some Western societies, intergenerational resource transfers thus work to equalise rather than catalyse housing wealth inequality. These findings have significant implications for measuring social inequalities, demographic trends, and the stability of housing systems in post-socialist countries.

Using social norms to explain giving behavior

Transfers of resources in dictator games vary significantly by the characteristics of recipients. We focus on social norms and demonstrate that variation in the recipient changes both giving and injunctive norms and may offer an explanation for differences in giving. We elicit generosity using dictator games, and social norms using incentivized coordination games, with two different recipient types: an anonymous student and a charitable organization. A within-subjects design ensures that other factors are held constant. Our results show that differences in giving behavior are closely related to differences in social norms of giving across contexts. Controlling for individual differences in beliefs about the norm, subjects do not weight compliance with the norms in the student recipient or charity recipient dictator game differently. These results suggest that the impact of context on giving co-occurs with an impact on social norms.

Power-Based Typology of Marketing Systems: Foundation for Alternative Marketing Theory in the Post-Capitalist Marketing Era

To date, orthodox marketing has regarded markets and marketing systems as static and mechanistic rather than dynamic and emergent under the aegis of neoclassical economics. Nevertheless, today, as we transition to a post-industrial era, multiple marketing systems coexist to create consumer satisfaction. This paper, synthesizing Follett's power dichotomy with Alderson's systems approach, aims to typologize marketing systems from a political economic paradigm, which stresses the importance of power phenomena in developing an alternative marketing theory. The present paper also aims to contribute to theory from a higher-order perspective by integrating various phenomena (i.e., marketing systems and power), which have previously been addressed in a piecemeal fashion across diverse domains. The author proposes the “power-with oriented marketing system” as the ideal marketing system, which aims to facilitate resource transfers and the fair distribution of co-created value in a prosumption disposed, post-capitalist marketing era.

Project scheduling cost optimization based on resource transfer costs and robustness

Under an uncertain environment, the reasonable arrangement of project scheduling and resource allocation can help managers save more on project costs. This paper focuses on the project scheduling cost optimization problem based on resource transfer costs and robustness under an uncertain environment. The optimization model of the problem is constructed with the objective to minimize the resource transfer costs and maximize the robustness. After accounting for the costs of transferring resource units across activities, we present a new project network graph consisting of unit resource flows. In addition, the robustness index is set based on the cost. To further ensure the robustness of the project, a time buffer insertion mechanism based on activity integrated delay penalty cost is designed. Then a developed non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGA-II) is constructed to make the algorithm have better solving performance. The results of numerous experimental instances also serve as proof of the developed algorithm's effectiveness. Finally, we construct three uncertainty environments to further illustrate the performance of obtained solutions. The research results can provide a reference for project managers to make schedules and optimize project costs under uncertain environments.

The Long Shadow of a Major Disaster: Modeled Dynamic Impacts of the Hypothetical HayWired Earthquake on California’s Economy

We develop and apply a dynamic economic simulation model to analyze the multi-regional impacts of, and mechanisms of recovery from, a major disaster, the HayWired scenario — a hypothetical Magnitude 7.0 earthquake affecting California’s San Francisco Bay Area. The model integrates loss pathways: capital stock damage, labor supply shocks due to short-term population displacement and longer-run out-migration from damaged areas, and the exacerbating effects of damage to transportation infrastructure capital, as well as various aspects of static and dynamic economic resilience. With input substitution-based static inherent resilience and dynamic resilience in the form of optimal intertemporal and spatial investment allocation, gross output losses range from 0.5 percent to 6 percent across regions, and welfare losses are 0.4 percent statewide but can be ten times as large in hardest-hit areas. Large-scale reconstruction investment is supported by substantial interregional transfers of resources through intra-state trade. Increased output via firms engaging in the key adaptive resilience tactic of production recapture can alleviate a substantial fraction of losses—but only if upstream and downstream barriers to recovery can be lowered quickly.

Taxing reproduction: the full transfer cost of rearing children in Europe.

What are the intergenerational resource transfer contributions of parents and non-parents in Europe? Using National Transfer Accounts and National Time Transfer Accounts for 12 countries around 2010, we go beyond public transfers (net taxes) to also value two statistically much less visible transfers in the family realm: of market goods and of unpaid household labour (time). Non-parents contribute almost exclusively to public transfers. But parents additionally provide still larger private transfers: mothers mainly time, fathers mainly market goods. Estimating transfer stocks over the working life, the average parental/non-parental contribution ratio in Europe flips from 0.73 (public transfers alone) to 2.66 (all three transfers combined). The highest combined parental/non-parental contribution ratios are in Sweden and Finland. The metaphorical tax rates implicitly imposed thereby on rearing children in Europe are multiples of the value-added tax rates in place on consumption goods. Unveiling the sheer magnitude of these invisible transfer asymmetries carries multiple implications for policy debates. For instance, it raises the question whether ageing European societies unwittingly tax, rather than subsidise, their own reproduction. Family friendly policy models, such as the Nordic welfare states, do not mitigate this effect. They help parents work, but do not lower the implicit tax parents pay.

Optimizing development aid allocation: A data-driven approach using unsupervised machine learning and multidimensional indices

Development aid, often termed foreign assistance, involves the voluntary transfer of resources like goods, services, or capital from governments and international aid agencies to support the development of recipient countries or their people. This practice holds significant importance in international relations and the national economy of many nations. It is also a heavily researched area in economics due to its potential to create a safer, more equitable, environmentally sustainable, and prosperous world. However, it's observed that donor interests often take precedence over recipient needs in aid allocation decisions. Since these allocations are determined by national policies, there is limited room for external input. Consequently, the success of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) relies heavily on donor interests. To address this challenge, we propose data-driven approaches to ensure recipient needs are considered and aligned with SDGs. This involves balancing the legitimate interests of donors, recipients, and disadvantaged individuals. In our study, we utilize multidimensional poverty measures to better understand the hardships people face. This approach offers a more accurate representation than traditional monetary indicators, which can miss important dimensions of deprivation. We employ unsupervised machine learning to analyze this data objectively and recommend countries most in need of aid. Such systems can assist donor countries and agencies in efficiently allocating aid, ensuring that the needs of beneficiaries and targeted development goals remain well-aligned.

Tipping points of nitrogen use efficiency in freshwater phytoplankton along trophic state gradient

Eutrophication and harmful algal blooms have severe effects on water quality and biodiversity in lakes and reservoirs. Ecological regime shifts of phytoplankton blooms are generally thought to be driven by the rapidly rising nutrient use efficiency of bloom-forming species over short periods, and often exhibit nonlinear dynamics. Regime shifts of trophic state, eutrophication, stratification, and clear or turbid waters are well-studied topics in aquatic ecology. However, information on the prevalence of regime shifts in relationships between trophic states and phytoplankton resource transfer efficiencies in ecosystems is still lacking. Here, we provided a first insight into regime shifts in nitrogen use efficiency of phytoplankton along the trophic state gradient. We explored the regime shifts of phytoplankton resource use efficiency and detected the tipping points by combining four temporal or spatial datasets from tropical to temperate zones in Asia and Europe. We first observed significant abrupt transitions (abruptness > 1) in phytoplankton nitrogen use efficiency along the trophic state gradient. The tipping point values were lower in subtropical/tropical waterbodies (mesotrophic states; TSIc: around 50) than those in temperate zones (eutrophic states; TSIc: 60–70). The regime shifts significantly reduced the primary production transfer efficiency via zooplankton (from 0.15 ± 0.03 to 0.03 ± 0.01; mean ± standard error) in the aquatic food web. Nitrogen-fixing filamentous cyanobacteria can drive eutrophication under mesotrophic state. Our findings imply that the time-window of opportunity for harmful algae prevention and control in lakes and reservoirs is earlier in subtropical/tropical regions.

The role of the Sustainable Development Goals for better governance of Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS)

The discussion on the Anthropocene has increased the urgency to promote a sustainable society, considering the planetary boundaries, population growth and resource scarcity. Thus, the United Nations created the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development to address this challenge, including 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and 169 SDG targets. In this context, the energy sector is one of the main sectors to achieve sustainable development and contribute to climate action using new technologies, such as carbon capture and storage (CCS). However, CCS can positively and negatively impact the planet and hinder or boost the SDGs, depending on how it is governed. Therefore, this article aims to discuss the role of the SDGs to better governance of CCS. To inform this discussion, we first show that 25 SDG targets are impacted positively or negatively by the use of CCS. This implies an urgent need to improve the way this technology is being deployed worldwide. To contribute regarding the governance, we highlight 13 targets that can help guide better use of this technology. This aspect of governance highlights that, to improve, actions must be spread on topics such as strengthening international collaboration, transfer of technology and financial resources, and the organisation of actors (researchers and decision-makers) to work together to achieve sustainable development. Finally, we point out that the sustainable deployment of CCS should be a goal to improve governance. Furthermore, we emphasize that the results of this work might have to be constantly updated, given that current research and technological advances may imply significant changes.

VNF-Enabled 5G Network Orchestration Framework for Slice Creation, Isolation and Management

Network slicing is widely regarded as the most critical technique for allocating network resources to varied user needs in 5G networks. A Software Defined Networking (SDN) and Network Function Virtualization (NFV) are two extensively used strategies for slicing the physical infrastructure according to use cases. The most efficient use of virtual networks is realized by the application of optimal resource allocation algorithms. Numerous research papers on 5G network resource allocation focus on network slicing or on the best resource allocation for the sliced network. This study uses network slicing and optimal resource allocation to achieve performance optimization using requirement-based network slicing. The proposed approach includes three phases: (1) Slice Creation by Machine Learning methods (SCML), (2) Slice Isolation through Resource Allocation (SIRA) of requests via a multi-criteria decision-making approach, and (3) Slice Management through Resource Transfer (SMART). We receive a set of Network Service Requests (NSRs) from users. After receiving the NSRs, the SCML is used to form slices, and SIRA and SMART are used to allocate resources to these slices. Accurately measuring the acceptance ratio and resource efficiency helps to enhance overall performance. The simulation results show that the SMART scheme can dynamically change the resource allocation according to the test conditions. For a range of network situations and Network Service Requests (NSRs), the performance benefit is studied. The findings of the simulation are compared to those of the literature in order to illustrate the usefulness of the proposed work.

Integrating climate change adaptation policies in spatial development planning in hyperarid regions of Kerman province, Iran

In recent years, lifestyle changes and urbanization of societies, as well as macro-environmental changes, i.e. climate changes (CCs), have caused changes in the land spatial structure and the transfer of resources between different economic sectors of the land. The development of long-term spatial development plans (SDPs) needs to be compatible with CCs, especially in hyperarid areas with low supplies and high demands. In this research, machine learning methods; including Cellular Automata (CA), Random Forest (RF) and regression models through PLUS model were used to simulate the amount of supplies and demands based on land cover (LC) maps during the years 2000, 2010 and 2020 in the hyperarid areas of Kerman, Iran. Then, the best predicted model (Kappa = 0.94, overall accuracy = 0.98) was used to simulate changes in LC classes under climate change scenarios (CCSs) for 2050. The results showed the efficiency of machine learning in simulating land cover changes (LCCs) under CCSs. Findings revealed that SDPs of these areas are not compatible under any possible consideration of CCSs. The modeling results showed that spatial development plans under CCSs is not environmentally efficient and there is no compatibility between supplies, based on agricultural lands, and demands, based on increased population, by 2050. Overall, under the scenario of RCP 8.5, man-made, agriculture and natural LC classes with 106.9, 2.9, and 18.6% changes, respectively, showed the greatest changes compared to 2020. Population control, adjustment of infrastructures, and changes in LC plans can reduce socio-economical and socio-environmental problems in the future of hyperarid areas to some extent.

The impact of gossip, reputation, and context on resource transfers among Aka hunter-gatherers, Ngandu horticulturalists, and MTurkers

The impact of gossip, reputation, and context on resource transfers among Aka hunter-gatherers, Ngandu horticulturalists, and MTurkers

Collaboration activities in the form of providing assistance to illegal armed or paramilitary groups created in the temporarily occupied territory and/or armed or paramilitary groups of the aggressor state

The article highlights the issue of providing assistance to illegal armed or paramilitary groups created in the temporarily occupied territory and/or armed or paramilitary groups of the aggressor State as a form of collaboration. Providing assistance to illegal armed or paramilitary groups created in the temporarily occupied territory and/or armed or paramilitary groups of the aggressor state is an independent form of collaboration and includes the transfer of material resources to them (Article 111-1(4) of the Criminal Code of Ukraine) and assistance in conducting hostilities against the Armed Forces of Ukraine and other military formations, formed in accordance with the laws of Ukraine, volunteer formations that were formed or self-organized to protect the independence, sovereignty and territorial integrity of Ukraine (Article 111-1(7) of the Criminal Code of Ukraine). Providing assistance as a form of collaboration is understood as the commission of active actions by a citizen of Ukraine who assists armed or paramilitary formations established in the temporarily occupied territory and/or armed or paramilitary formations of the aggressor state by providing information about Ukrainian citizens for the purpose of using it in an unlawful manner, as well as providing advice, instructions, means or tools or removing obstacles, including in terms of conducting hostilities against the Armed Forces of Ukraine and other military formations established by the It is proposed to include in part 4 of Article 111-1 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine such an act as the transfer of information about Ukrainian citizens for the purpose of its illegal use. Due to the gaps in the wording of the provision of assistance as a form of collaboration, it is proposed to supplement part 4 of Article 111-1 of the Criminal Code with an indication of assistance to illegally established authorities in the temporarily occupied territory and authorities of the aggressor state, and part 7 of this article – to the armed formations of the aggressor state. It is proposed to eliminate the latency in part 4 of Article 111-1 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine in terms of defining the range of subjects of collaboration by stating that such a subject can only be a citizen of Ukraine. Also, taking into account the coincidence of most of the signs of aiding the aggressor state (Article 111-2 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine), it is proposed to provide in the disposition of part 4 of Article 111-1 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine the phrase «in the absence of signs of aiding the aggressor state (Article 111-2 of this Code)», which is classic for other articles of the Special Part of the Criminal Code of Ukraine. Key words: collaborationism, collaboration activities, assistance, illegal armed groups, illegal paramilitary groups, aggressor state, armed groups of the aggressor state, temporarily occupied territories, authorities of the aggressor state, citizen of Ukraine, criminal liability, criminal offense, treason, aiding and abetting the aggressor state.

Monthly virtual water transfers on the U.S. electric grid

Water consumed by power plants is transferred virtually from producers to consumers on the electric grid. This network of virtual transfers varies spatially and temporally on a sub-annual scale. In this study, we focused on cooling water consumed by thermoelectric power plants and water evaporated from hydropower reservoirs. We analyzed blue and grey virtual water flows between balancing authorities in the United States electric grid from 2016 to 2021. Transfers were calculated using thermoelectric water consumption volumes reported in Form EIA-923, power plant data from Form EIA-860, water consumption factors from literature, and electricity transfer data from Form EIA-930. The results indicate that virtual water transfers follow seasonal trends. Virtual blue water transfers are dominated by evaporation from hydropower reservoirs in high evaporation regions and peak around November. Virtual grey watertransfers reach a maximum peak during the summer months and a smaller peak during the winter. Notable virtual blue water transfers occur between Arizona and California as well as surrounding regions in the Southwest. Virtual grey water transfers are greatest in the Eastern United States where older, once-through cooling systems are still in operation. Understanding the spatial and temporal transfer of water resources has important policy, water management, and equity implications for understanding burden shifts between regions.

Macroeconomic Policies for a Sustainable World

ABSTRACT The urgency of the climate crisis is such that it needs to inform most policy-making. It represents a major threat to human development. Yet while the existence of the crisis is generally acknowledged, this has not affected macro-economic policy even though the climate crisis has major effects on the accepted objectives of macro-economic policy, including growth and economic stability. The paper explores changes in macro-economic policy needed for sustainability which should become an intrinsic and overriding objective of policy. Implications of doing so are explored, including replacing the growth objective with green/sustainable growth, altering the measurement of GDP accordingly; greatly increasing the weight given to the well-being of future generations with implications for interest and investment rates; and reforming taxes and expenditures. Ballooning of debt is justified to support a rapid transition to a carbon-free economy. Among high-income countries, the growth objective should be questioned. Low income countries need green growth to attain reasonable living standards. Large-scale resource transfers to low income countries are essential to support green expenditures for mitigation and especially adaptation. High priorities are a change in the approach of the IMF and World Bank, and innovative financial mechanisms to support the required transfers.

Parasitic events and host destination resource dependence: Evidence from the Gold Coast 2018 Commonwealth Games

Major events possess limited resources relative to those they must seize, extract and control from a host destination. All sport events, to varying degrees, are parasitic as they are highly dependent onexternal host destination resource environments to deliver complex operational and strategic event objectives. This dynamic poses a management challenge as the event's existence, sustenance and survival is principally determined by: 1) the host's munificence (the host destination's willingness to offer up local resources), and 2) the event's ability to secure the resources required for an extended period of time. This article investigates these complex resourcing relationships through an in-depth case study of the 2018 Commonwealth Games held on the Gold Coast, Australia, a well-developed tourist destination. Methodologically, we draw on interviews with representatives from the government, event managers and host community networks. Alongside the interviews, we analyse policy and planning documentation, and review in-person, observational evidence gathered before and during the 2018 Commonwealth Games. We apply, and extend, resource dependency theory and associated concepts to explain the event-host destination resourcing relationship. We detail how and why major events deploy constraint absorption (hard power) and co-optation (soft power) tactics to render a host destination's resource under internal control, reflecting on the parasitic nature of the event-host relationship. We conclude that the transfer of resource to external agents, justified as a means of reducing organisational uncertainty and operational failure, actually leads to deleterious outcomes for local stakeholders and the host destination, undermining the event's own social sustainability and inclusivity objectives.