Resource Model Research Articles

The Roles of Sales Technologies for Salespeople: Techno Demands and Resources Model Perspective

The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of a salesperson’s techno-demands and techno-resources created by new sales-related information technology on salespersons’ attitudinal and behavioral outcomes such as job burnout, job satisfaction, turnover intention, and sales performance. In order to test the proposed framework, data were collected from 305 salespeople in Korea. The results of a partial least squared structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) analysis showed that techno-demands have a significant positive effect on salespeople’s job burnout and techno-resources have a significant positive effect on salespeople’s job satisfaction. Salespeople’s job burnout has a significant positive effect on salespeople’s turnover intention, whereas salespeople’s job satisfaction has a significant positive effect on salespeople’s sales performance. Finally, salespeople’s job satisfaction has a negative effect on turnover intention. Theoretically, this study develops a new comprehensive framework of the techno demands–resources model and is empirically tested in the context of salespeople. Managerially, the findings offer important insights to practitioners to leverage techno-resources to accelerate the sales technologies for sales activities.

The Double-Edged Sword of Third-Party Resources: Examining Use and Financial Burden of Extracurricular Tools in Medical Students

Background Since before the COVID-19 pandemic, use of third-party resources (or educational tools separate from the in-house medical curriculum) has been steadily increasing. The transition to virtual learning in 2020 fostered a greater reliance on these mostly online resources during medical training, yet their contributions have rarely been evaluated. Thus, we aimed to review third-party resources and their implications for medical education, particularly their financial burden on students. Methods We examined 31 peer-reviewed articles that discuss third-party resources for medical students and relevant studies related to their equitable access. Results Studies suggest third-party resources are used in a task-dependent manner with a supplemental role to the in-house lectures during the preclinical phase and a primary role for USMLE preparation during the clinical phase. Medical students ubiquitously access these resources out of a perceived necessity to use them to perform well on board exams, prompted by studies demonstrating their efficacy in increasing USMLE Step 1 scores. Though certain resources have been more frequently cited for improving board performance (e.g.,First Aid and UWorld), students may combine multiple third-party resources to best serve their exam preparation. Findings also show the subscription-pricing model of most third-party resources and 12-month access prices range from $100 to $479, suggesting that third-party resource use contributes to an increase financial strain on students. This, coupled with overwhelming medical student debt, may exacerbate existing socioeconomic disparities in medical education. Conclusion Institutions should evaluate third-party resource use among their medical students and consider provisions to increase access to these co-curricular tools.

Emergent competition shapes top-down versus bottom-up control in multi-trophic ecosystems.

Ecosystems are commonly organized into trophic levels-organisms that occupy the same level in a food chain (e.g., plants, herbivores, carnivores). A fundamental question in theoretical ecology is how the interplay between trophic structure, diversity, and competition shapes the properties of ecosystems. To address this problem, we analyze a generalized Consumer Resource Model with three trophic levels using the zero-temperature cavity method and numerical simulations. We derive the corresponding mean-field cavity equations and show that intra-trophic diversity gives rise to an effective "emergent competition" term between species within a trophic level due to feedbacks mediated by other trophic levels. This emergent competition gives rise to a crossover from a regime of top-down control (populations are limited by predators) to a regime of bottom-up control (populations are limited by primary producers) and is captured by a simple order parameter related to the ratio of surviving species in different trophic levels. We show that our theoretical results agree with empirical observations, suggesting that the theoretical approach outlined here can be used to understand complex ecosystems with multiple trophic levels.

The Conditions and Guidelines of Action Learning Resources Through Miang Indigenous Wisdom in Mae Kampong Village, Chiang Mai Thailand

The objectives of this qualitative research were to study the conditions of the action learning resources through Miang indigenous wisdom in Mae Kampong Village, Chiang Mai Thailand, key informants consisted of twenty-six respondents, the instrument used was an unstructured interview form, the data were analyzed by content analysis and summarized into issues, and to study guidelines of the action learning resources through Miang indigenous wisdom in Mae Kampong Village, Chiang Mai Thailand; key informants consisted of twenty-five respondents, the data were analyzed by classifying into items. The research results were as follows: 1. The conditions of the action learning resources through Miang indigenous wisdom in Mae Kampong Village, Chiang Mai Thailand consisted of six aspects including 1.1 The social structure of Mae Kampong Village, Chiang Mai Thailand, 1.2 Ways of life, livelihood, and local wisdom, 1.3 Occupations and living, 1.4 Miang planters as an occupation, 1.5 Characteristics, and 1.6 Economics. 2. Guidelines of action learning resources through Miang indigenous wisdom to promote creative education in Mae Kampong Village, Chiang Mai Thailand consisted of the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of the action learning resources applying as derived data to construct a model of action learning resources through Miang indigenous wisdom in Mae Kampong Village, Chiang Mai Thailand.

Emergency resource allocation considering the heterogeneity of affected areas during the COVID-19 pandemic in China

The scientific allocation of emergency resources is crucial to ensure the success of COVID-19 relief operations. However, the heterogeneity of epidemic areas has an important impact on the allocation of emergency resources. Although it is a crucial topic, there has been limited research that considers the heterogeneity of affected areas in the emergency resource allocation. To bridge the gap, this study proposes a multi-period optimal allocation model of emergency resources considering the heterogeneity of affected areas, which aims to make the allocation of resources more equitable, efficient and economical. Then, a typical and representative case of emergency medical resource allocation in Hubei Province, China (where the epidemic occurred earlier and was seriously affected by COVID-19), was selected for a simulation study to verify the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed model and method. The study finds that considering the heterogeneity such as disaster coefficient and demand urgency in different disaster stricken areas in emergency resource allocation can minimize the negative impact of resource shortfalls, especially in the early period of relief operations with insufficient resource supply. In addition, the proposed model can optimize multi-period emergency resource allocation by simultaneously considering time (efficiency criterion), cost (economic criterion), and loss(equity criterion), which is in line with the actual needs of emergency rescue to the COVID-19 epidemic. The results of this study can be effectively applied to the multi-period optimal allocation of emergency resources for large-scale public health emergencies, and providing insights for the government and relevant management departments to formulate emergency resource allocation policies and plans.

Affective mechanisms linking role ambiguity to employee turnover

PurposeThis study relied on the job demands and resource model to understand employees’ turnover intentions. Recent studies have consistently lent support for the significant association between role ambiguity and turnover intentions; however, only a handful of studies focused on examining the potential mediators in this association. The authors argued that role ambiguity positively influences turnover intentions through affective mechanisms: job involvement and satisfaction.Design/methodology/approachTo test the model, a large sample of working adults participated (N = 505).FindingsStructural equation modeling results showed that role ambiguity, job involvement and job satisfaction were significantly associated with turnover intentions. Moreover, a serial mediation was found among the variables: employees with low levels of role ambiguity tended to report higher job involvement, which further increased their satisfaction with the job and subsequently decreased their turnover intentions.Research limitations/implicationsThe cross-sectional design is a limitation.Practical implicationsPractical suggestions regarding how organizations can reduce employee turnover are discussed.Originality/valueThe findings provide support for theory-driven interventions to address developing the intention to stay at work among working adults.

Modelling the critical determinants of architects’ work-related stress

Architects wearing different hats simultaneously suffer from occupational stress due to different construction characteristics. Decreased productivity, excessive absenteeism, burnout, and turnover intention are all linked to the effects of occupational stress. This study aims to pinpoint the critical stressors experienced by architects within the Turkish construction sector. A systematic literature review was conducted, and a questionnaire incorporating 48 stress factors along with the Work Stress Scale was designed, employing the Job Demand Resource (JD–R) model as a guiding conceptual framework. The survey was conducted on design architects responsible for Turkey’s design process. In total, 320 fully completed questionnaires were returned. The critical stressors (CSs) were determined using normalized mean value analysis. The results revealed 37 CSs and six critical stress factors were identified by exploratory factor analysis. Further, a structural equation model (SEM) was built to critical determinants of architects’ stress. Financial deficiencies, changes in construction projects, and poor communication factors were the most critical determinants of architects’ work-related stress. Within this context, the findings offer two new and original determinants for work-related stress that differ from former studies.

Smart performance optimization of energy‐aware scheduling model for resource sharing in 5G green communication systems

AbstractThis paper presents an analysis of the performance of the Energy Aware Scheduling Algorithm (EASA) in a 5G green communication system. 5G green communication systems rely on EASA to manage resource sharing. The aim of the proposed model is to improve the efficiency and energy consumption of resource sharing in 5G green communication systems. The main objective is to address the challenges of achieving optimal resource utilization and minimizing energy consumption in these systems. To achieve this goal, the study proposes a novel energy‐aware scheduling model that takes into consideration the specific characteristics of 5G green communication systems. This model incorporates intelligent techniques for optimizing resource allocation and scheduling decisions, while also considering energy consumption constraints. The methodology used involves a combination of mathematical analysis and simulation studies. The mathematical analysis is used to formulate the optimization problem and design the scheduling model, while the simulations are used to evaluate its performance in various scenarios. The proposed EASM reached a 91.58% false discovery rate, a 64.33% false omission rate, a 90.62% prevalence threshold, and a 91.23% critical success index. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed model in terms of reducing energy consumption while maintaining a high level of resource utilization.

Summary of best evidence for prevention and management of frailty.

Frailty in older people can seriously affect their quality of life and increase the demand for long-term care and health care expenses. Aims of this study are to provide an evidence-based basis for clinical practice of frailty in older people by systematically searching for the best current evidence on interventions for the prevention and management of frailty. According to the '6S' evidence resource model, evidence retrieval is searched from the top-down and collected relevant guidelines, best practices, evidence summaries, systematic reviews and expert consensus. The retrieval time limit was from the database establishment to 20 March 2023. Two reviewers independently screened and evaluated the literature, and then extracted and summarised the evidence according to the JBI grading of evidence and recommendation system. A total of 44 publications were finally included, including 12 guidelines, 5 best practices, 4 expert consensus, 5 evidence summaries and 18 systematic reviews. Through the induction and integration of the evidence, the evidence was finally summarised from eight aspects: frailty screening, frailty assessment, exercise intervention, nutrition intervention, multi-domain intervention, drug administration, social support and health education, and 43 best evidences were formed. This study summarised the best evidence for the prevention and management of frailty from eight aspects, which can provide guidance for clinical or community medical staff to develop and apply frailty intervention and practice programmes for older people and improved the clinical outcome and quality of life of older people.

Time-Varying Resource Graph Based Processing on the Way for Space-Terrestrial Integrated Vehicle Networks

Desirable information processing in space-terrestrial integrated vehicle networks (STINs) handles data distributed in different satellites while transmitting, where efficient modeling time-varying resources is critical. Existing works are not applicable to STINs, however, because they lack the joint consideration of different movement patterns and fluctuating loads. In this paper, we propose the <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Time-Varying Resource Graph (TVRG)</i> to model dynamic resources in STINs, by leveraging the advantages of software-defined networking in flexible resource management. Firstly, we propose the <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">STIN mobility model</i> to uniformly model different movement patterns in STINs. Then, we propose a <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">layered Resource Modeling and Abstraction (RMA)</i> approach, where evolutions of node resources are modeled as Markov processes, by encoding predictable topologies and influences of fluctuating loads as states. Besides, we propose the low-complexity domain resource abstraction algorithm by defining two mobility-based and load-aware partial orders on resource abilities. Finally, we formulate the <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">TVRG-based Processing on the Way (TPoW)</i> problem for data flows with processing requirements and multiple sources. We propose a <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Multi-level Processing on the Way (MPoW)</i> approach with a bounded approximation ratio, realizing adaptive matching of resources and demands of processing and transmission. To evaluate the RMA approach, we propose a <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">TVRG-based Routing (TR)</i> algorithm for time-sensitive and bandwidth-intensive data flows, with the multi-level on-demand scheduling ability. Comprehensive simulation results demonstrate that our RMA-TR and MPoW outperform most related schemes by decreasing nearly 40% bandwidth consumption with the shortest end-to-end delay.

“Win‐win”: Dual‐path influence of workplace spirituality on work‐family enrichment

AbstractIn the era of rapid development in the mobile internet economy, mobile intelligent office equipment has exhibited an unprecedented level of “vitality.” The boundaries between work and family are becoming increasingly blurred, fostering the exchange of resources between employees' work role and family role. Workplace spirituality refers to meaningful work, sense of community, and alignment with the organization that individuals develop in their work, which has been demonstrated to have positive impact on work output. It is a question whether workplace spirituality can be spilled over from employees' work role to their family role to improve the performance of the latter and to realize the win‐win results for both roles. Based on work–home resources model and work–family enrichment dual‐path model, this research uses multi‐country data to examine how workplace spirituality influence work–family enrichment through affective rumination (affective path) and problem‐solving pondering (instrumental path). Additionally, work–family segmentation preference is introduced as a moderating variable to identify the boundary conditions between workplace spirituality and work‐related rumination. Research findings show that workplace spirituality can positively predict work–family enrichment; affective rumination and problem‐solving pondering play a partially mediating role in the correlation between workplace spirituality and work–family enrichment. A strong work–family segmentation preference could diminish the positive impact of workplace spirituality on problem‐solving pondering and could also weaken the mediating role of problem‐solving pondering between workplace spirituality and work–family enrichment at the same time. This study reveals the strategies to enhance work–family enrichment from a spiritual perspective, thereby promoting a win‐win situation for both work and family.

乡村振兴背景下传统农耕文化的价值传承与资源开发模式研究

Against the backdrop of rural revitalization, traditional agricultural culture, as the material and spiritual wealth of laboring people for thousands of years, plays a crucial role in achieving the revitalization of rural culture, industry, and ecology. Based on understanding the contemporary value of traditional agricultural culture, this paper explores the paths of inheriting agricultural culture from various perspectives such as cult ural education and the development of characteristic industries. From the perspective of supporting rural revitalization, it proposes a development model for tourism, cultural, and ecological resources. By thoroughly exploring and utilizing the resources of traditional agricultural culture, the paper aims to drive rural development, providing intrinsic momentum for the prosperity and development of rural areas.

Applying and Extending the Conservation of Resources (COR) Model to Trauma in U.S. Veterans

This was a novel pilot study about the relationship between PTSD severity and resource gain and loss using the conservation of resources (COR) model with U.S. Veterans. Higher PTSD severity was predicted to be associated with greater resource loss scores, and lower PTSD scores were predicted to be associated with greater resource gain scores. The sample size was limited (N = 19) due to the COVID-19 outbreak. Veterans completed a demographic questionnaire, the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), the Combat Exposure Scale (CES), the PTSD Symptom Scale–Interview (PSS-I), the Conservation of Resources–Evaluation (COR-E), and two additional open-ended questions. A statistically significant negative medium effect size was found between PTSD diagnosis and resource gain (r(17) = −0.42, p = 0.039, one-tailed). A large effect size in resource gain scores between PTSD and non-PTSD groups was also found (t(17) = 1.880, p = 0.077, d = 0.87), with the non-PTSD group reporting more gain of resources than the PTSD group. Post hoc tests revealed that the resource gain score of the mild PTSD group was significantly higher than that of the severe + very severe PTSD group (p = 0.034). Results suggest that resource gain, when compared to resource loss, was the strongest predictor for a non-PTSD diagnosis.

Retracted: Personalized Recommendation Model of High-Quality Education Resources for College Students Based on Data Mining

Retracted: Personalized Recommendation Model of High-Quality Education Resources for College Students Based on Data Mining

Digital twin modeling method based on IFC standards for building construction processes

Intelligent construction is a necessary way to improve the traditional construction method, and digital twin can be a crucial technology to promote intelligent construction. However, the construction field currently needs a unified method to build a standardized and universally applicable digital twin model, which is incredibly challenging in construction. Therefore, this paper proposes a general method to construct a digital twin construction process model based on the Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) standard, aiming to realize real-time monitoring, control, and visualization management of the construction site. The method constructs a digital twin fusion model from three levels: geometric model, resource model, and behavioral model by establishing an IFC semantic model of the construction process, storing the fusion model data and the construction site data into a database, and completing the dynamic interaction of the twin data in the database. At the same time, the digital twin platform is developed to realize the visualization and control of the construction site. Combined with practical cases and analysis, the implementation effect of the method is shown and verified. The results show that the method can adapt itself to different scenarios on the construction site, which is conducive to promoting application of the digital twin in the field of construction and provides a reference to the research of practicing digital twin theory and practice.

A possible critical heating from decay reaction and new upper limit of the magnetic monopole flux for the supermassive white dwarfs

We present the new upper limit of the magnetic monopole (MM) flux and discuss three MM models of the heating resource for supermassive white dwarfs (WDs) by considering the effect of temperature on thermonuclear reaction and mass radius relation of WDs based on the catalytic nuclear decay by MM. We discuss the luminosity and compared it with the observations to apply to 25 supermassive WDs. We find the maxnium of the number of MM captured can be 9.6943×1011\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$9.6943\ imes 10^{11}$$\\end{document}, and 9.0671×1011\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$9.0671\ imes 10^{11}$$\\end{document} for O+Ne core high mass WDs (e.g., WD J055631.17+130639.78), and C+O core high mass WDs (e.g., WD J055631.17+130639.78), respectively. The luminosities increase with the increasing of the temperature and are agreed well with the observations for model (III). The differences are no more than one, and three orders of magnitude higher than observations for model (III), and (I, II), respectively. Finaly, we find that the maxnium of the upper limits of the MM flux ϕm\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\\phi _{m}$$\\end{document} due to RC effect can be 9.1071×10-15\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$9.1071\ imes 10^{-15}$$\\end{document}, and 2.7670×10-14\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$2.7670\ imes 10^{-14}$$\\end{document} for O+Ne and C+O core high mass WDs, respectively. Our results are about one and two orders of magnitude higher than those of Abbasi et al. (EPJC 69:361, 2010) (Albert et al. in JHEP 07:054, 2017) for O+Ne, and C+O core mass WDs, respectively, and can be about three and four orders of magnitude higher than those of Aartsen et al. (EPJC 76:133, 2016) (Ic40, Ic86), respectively. Our results show that the monopole-catalyzed nucleon decay could prevent WDs from cooling down into a stellar graveyard by keeping them hot.

A joint configuration method for multiple flexible resources in low carbon distribution networks based on massive scene dimensionality reduction

Abstract Due to the extensive access of renewable sources in distribution networks, this research proposes a joint configuration method for multiple flexible resources in low carbon distribution networks based on massive scene dimensionality reduction to maximize the access capacity of renewable sources. The dimensionality reduction clustering is carried out on the wind-light-load mass high-dimensional scenes by the principal component Gaussian mixture clustering algorithm, and the typical scene set of wind-power-loads is obtained. Hereafter, a joint configuration model for multiple flexible resources of distribution network for massive scenarios is constructed, and using the second-order cone relaxation technique to convert the non-convex constraints in the model to convex processing. Last, a Portugal 54 distribution system is employed to verify the proposed method.

Unraveling the effects of “living the brand”: a resource generating outlook

ABSTRACT Grounded in the Job Demands-Resources (JD-R), Conservation of Resources (COR) model, and Social Exchange Theory (SET), the present study has developed an integrated model where internal branding acts as a resource-generating mechanism for both employees and organizations through enhanced employee well-being and brand performance. A sample of 919 frontline employees of private banks in India was collected through a multi-stage sampling technique. Structural equation modeling using AMOS was employed to examine the hypothesized relations, whereas bootstrapping procedure was followed to assess the mediation effect. The findings unveiled the favorable impact of internal branding dimensions on employees’ well-being and brand performance.

Not fully remembered, but not forgotten: interfering sounds worsen but do not eliminate the representation of pitch in working memory.

Recent research has begun measuring auditory working memory with a continuous adjustment task in which listeners adjust attributes of a sound to match a stimulus presented earlier. This approach captures auditory memory's continuous nature better than standard change detection paradigms that collect binary ("same or different") memory measurements. In two experiments, we assessed the impact of different interference stimuli (multitone complexes vs. white noise vs. silence) on the precision and accuracy of participants' reproductions of pitch from memory. Participants were presented with a target multitone complex stimulus followed by eight successive interference signals. Across trials, these signals alternated between additional multitone complexes, randomly generated white noise samples, or (in Experiment 2) silence. This was followed by a response period where participants adjusted the pitch of a response stimulus using a MIDI touchpad to match the target. Experiment 1 found a significant effect of interference type on performance, with tone interference signals producing the greatest impairments to participants' accuracy and precision compared to white noise. Interestingly, it also found a compression in the participants' responses, with overestimations of low-frequency targets and underestimations for high-frequency targets. Experiment 2 replicated results from Experiment 1, with an additional silence condition showing the best performance, suggesting that non-tonal signals also generate interference. In general, results support a shared resource model of working memory with a limited capacity that can be flexibly allocated to hold items in memory with varying levels of fidelity. Interference does not appear to knock items out of a fixed precision slot, but rather robs a portion of capacity from stored items.

Feasibility of hydrogen hybrid energy systems for sustainable on- and off-grid integration: An Australian REZs case study

The escalating effects of climate change and the finite nature of fossil fuels underscore the imperative for transitioning to renewable energy. This study assesses the feasibility of hybrid energy systems that harness renewable sources, such as solar and wind power, alongside hydrogen technologies and solid-state lithium-ion batteries in diverse energy landscapes. Concentrating on five of Australia's renewable energy zones (REZs)—Broken Hill in New South Wales, Murray River in Victoria, Darling Downs in Queensland, Riverland in South Australia, and North East Tasmania—the research employs the Hybrid Optimization Model for Multiple Energy Resources (HOMER Pro) microgrid software. This software optimizes the sizing of system components to ascertain the most cost-effective configurations for each REZ, considering varied scenarios, including resource availability and demand patterns. The findings indicate that Broken Hill and Murray River exhibit the lowest levelized cost of energy (LCOE) for off-grid and on-grid configurations, respectively, at $0.32/kWh and $0.030/kWh. Conversely, North East Tasmania has the highest LCOE for both configurations, at $0.38/kWh and $0.034/kWh, respectively. Furthermore, the study suggests that beyond grid extension distances of 350–530 km, off-grid solutions may be more economically viable than grid extensions. Moreover, on-grid configurations demonstrate the lowest net present cost (NPC), benefiting from the option to sell surplus electricity back to the utility grid, thereby enhancing their economic advantage over off-grid options. The strategic implications of these results are significant for global energy planning, advocating for a portfolio approach that incorporates a mix of on-grid, off-grid, and extended-grid systems, crucial for sustainably meeting future energy demands. These insights have the potential to guide research, policy, and investment decisions, promoting the cost-efficient deployment of renewable hydrogen hybrid energy systems. The outcomes of this study reinforce that a sustainable energy economy is necessary and achievable through the informed and strategic deployment of technology tailored to geographical and economic specificities.