Level Of Resources Research Articles

Optimizing the Utilization of Generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the AEC Industry: ChatGPT Prompt Engineering and Design

Generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) holds significant potential for revolutionizing the Architecture, Engineering, and Construction (AEC) industry by automating complex tasks such as construction scheduling, hazard recognition, resource leveling, information retrieval from BIM, etc. However, realizing this potential requires a strategic approach to ensure effective utilization and maximum benefit. This paper presents guidelines for prompt design and engineering to elicit desired responses from ChatGPT, a Generative AI tool, in AEC applications. Key steps include understanding user intent, leveraging model capabilities, and optimizing prompt structures. By following these guidelines, stakeholders in the AEC industry can harness the power of Generative AI to improve construction scheduling processes, increase project efficiency, and ultimately drive innovation and growth in the industry. Several illustrative examples on construction scheduling and hazard recognition are provided to demonstrate the methodology proposed in this research. It is concluded that Generative AI, when effectively utilized, significantly enhances project scheduling and hazard recognition capability in the AEC industry with minimal error.

Developing an infodemic management toolkit for immunization: An iterative consultation process

Abstract Issue An infodemic is an overwhelming amount of information, accurate and otherwise, that accompanies health emergencies such as outbreaks and other health crises. Infodemic management work is done by people from different positions and professions, with differing resources at their disposal, and applied to a range of health issues. An infodemic insights report can help identify questions, concerns, information voids and circulating mis- disinformation to help inform an emergency response. Health issue specific guidance can be useful for those who may have infodemic management as part of their regular work but want to identify infodemic insights and contextualize these insights in relation to other programme data. Description The WHO and UNICEF ‘how to build an infodemic insights report in 6 steps’ document provides general guidance. A more immunization specific document, with practical and specific tools in standalone short focus areas was developed to guide infodemic managers or those working on vaccine demand and acceptance, and by vaccination field workers. The toolkit is intended for vaccines across the life course, including for children, adolescents, pregnant people, adults, and people with pre-existing conditions or have other vulnerabilities. Results Rounds of iteration with experts both internal and external to WHO provided useful feedback, review and suggestions. The toolkit provides information targeted at different resource and capacity levels. Lessons The consultative process resulted in a toolkit informed by experts and those who are likely end-users of the document. The consultations sought to align the toolkit with immunization programme processes and with other tools and interventions for improving vaccine uptake. Having health issue specific guidance is a useful addition to the infodemic manager toolbox and tools such as these can be an important component of community resilience and health security initiatives. Key messages • For immunization, infodemic management can support programme activities to build vaccine confidence and improve uptake, and manage vaccine-related events. • Expert informed guidance on health topic specific areas can be a useful addition to the infodemic manager toolbox.

A study on regional differences and convergence of nursing human resource levels in the Yangtze River Economic Belt: an empirical study

BackgroundThe Yangtze River Economic Belt, as a core economic region in China, is facing the dual challenges of an aging population and growing healthcare demand, and the balanced development and optimal allocation of nursing human resources is crucial to the region’s healthcare system. An in-depth study of the regional differences and convergence of nursing human resources in the region will provide a key basis for policy makers to achieve equity and efficiency in healthcare services and meet the growing demand for healthcare.AimTo analyze the regional differences and convergence characteristics of nursing human resource levels in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, and to provide scientific references for optimizing regional nursing human resource allocation.MethodsBased on the panel data of 107 cities in the Yangtze River Economic Belt from 2010 to 2020, the regional differences and their sources were analyzed by using Dagum’s Gini coefficient, and the convergence characteristics were examined by the coefficient of variation and spatial convergence model.ResultsThe average value of the number of nursing human resources in the Yangtze River Economic Belt is 2,132,300 people, with obvious regional differences, and the hypervariable density difference (53.01%) is the main source of the regional differences; there are obvious trends of σ-convergence and conditional β-convergence of the level of nursing human resources in the overall and the three major regions of the upstream, midstream, and downstream, and different factors have different moderating effects on the speed of spatial convergence in the other areas.ConclusionThe implementation of precise policies for nursing human resources in different regions of the Yangtze River Economic Belt steadily reduces the regional differences between the upper, middle, and lower reaches and enhances the spatial linkage between regions of nursing human resources to improve the quality of nursing human resources.

Exposure to fungal infection decreases eye size in the zooplankton, Daphnia

Abstract Immune responses can be energetically expensive and subject to trade-offs. Prior work on the freshwater zooplankton, Ceriodaphnia cornuta, demonstrated an association between eye size and infection, leading to questions about whether investment in eyes trades off against investment in immunity. We used the crustacean host, Daphnia dentifera, and its fungal parasite, Metschnikowia bicuspidata, to investigate the relationships between eye size, parasite resistance and infection. In the field, we found a negative correlation between size-corrected eye area (SCEA) and Metschnikowia infection, suggesting that either SCEA decreases infection (thereby indicating resistance) or that infection decreases SCEA. Controlled laboratory experiments reinforced the latter result: exposure to the fungal parasite decreased a host’s SCEA, regardless of the parasite dose or host genotype. We also uncovered significant plasticity in this trait—both host age and resource level increased SCEA. Identifying causality in physiological correlations is challenging. Our results suggest that negative associations between parasitism and energetically-expensive traits can arise through plasticity.

Factors Influencing Water Resource Levels under the Water Resource Carrying Capacity Framework: A Dynamic Qualitative Comparative Analysis Based on Provincial Panel Data

Most existing evaluation frameworks for water resource carrying capacity (WRCC) neglect the interdependencies between subsystems. To fill this gap, we introduce a dynamic qualitative comparative analysis (QCA) model to evaluate WRCC and apply it to a vital economic development corridor, the Yangtze River Economic Belt (YREB). Ecological, social, and economic subsystems are defined as condition subsystems, while the water resource subsystem is defined as the outcome subsystem. The entropy weight method is used to calculate and calibrate the comprehensive score of each subsystem. By analyzing the necessity of a single condition subsystem and the sufficiency of condition subsystem configuration via a dynamic QCA, we qualitatively analyze the impact extent and pathways of the ecological, social, and economic subsystems on the water resource subsystem within the WRCC framework. The results reveal generally stable water resource levels despite regional variances, thereby pinpointing the influence pathways, including ecological–social and ecological–economic configurations. The 2011–2015 period saw poor stability, which subsequently improved until 2019 before declining in 2020 in the YREB. The middle-reach urban cluster showed the highest stability, which was less impacted by condition subsystems. These findings could enable provinces and municipalities to tailor policies and enhance subsystem levels for better water resource management.

A Study on Socioeconomic Support Systems and Success Rate of Track and Field Athletes in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China

This study investigates the correlation between socioeconomic support systems and the success rates of track and field athletes in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of China. Utilizing both primary and secondary data, the research explores the role of governmental programs, educational institutions, family and community support, and financial aid in shaping athletic performance. The findings reveal a strong correlation between robust socioeconomic support and higher athletic success, with significant disparities observed between regions with varying levels of resources. The study identifies key challenges, including inadequate funding and uneven resource distribution, and proposes opportunities for improvement through increased investment, stakeholder partnerships, and enhanced community involvement. Recommendations are made to guide policy and practice towards more equitable support systems, aiming to nurture athletic talent across all socioeconomic backgrounds.

Welcoming Cities/Unwelcoming States: Integration, Segregation and Suburban Sprawl in the U.S. South

This paper examines the spread of the new immigrant “ethnoburb” across Georgia. Gwinnett County is one of the most diverse counties due to immigration in the American South, and a top destination for immigrants, nationally. The emergence of immigrant-majority towns in suburban areas with low levels of resources for non-English speaking residents has created challenges at competing scales of local and state governance. Suburbs near Atlanta’s Buford Highway, where many immigrants live and work, experienced greater intensity of ICE enforcement due to policy shifts in the post-2016 Presidential Administration, as well as mixed forms of “welcome” from differently sized municipalities.

Estimating a national critical mineral security index in Indonesia using analytical hierarchy process

Critical minerals are key to guaranteeing energy security and economic stability in a nation. Indonesia, as the largest country in Southeast Asia, has significant reserves of critical minerals. The current circumstances, however, pose substantial challenges for Indonesia as it strives for self-sufficiency in various sectors. Indonesia must pay attention to its natural resource management, especially that of critical minerals. This study aims to present information on securing critical mineral resources in Indonesia by constructing a Critical Mineral Security Index (CMSI). This study used a quasi-qualitative method, wherein the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) was used as the process of analysis. A total of four dimensions have been proposed in this study—availability, accessibility, technology-efficiency, and environmental, social, and governance (ESG) dimensions with a total of 29 indicators. The results of the AHP confirm that the security level of critical mineral resources in Indonesia is 5.57. The results indicate that the availability dimension has the highest weight compared to the other dimensions, equal to 47.6%. While the accessibility dimension has the lowest level of resistance. The government should, therefore, prioritize improving the indicators of accessibility dimensions. These results have policy implications for the energy and mineral sector in the future, to further reinforce energy and mineral security on a national scale, which may ultimately support transition energy in Indonesia and strengthen national defense.

Evaluation of the sustainable development of logistics based on local characteristics: Matching logistics architecture with resources.

This paper sets out to investigate the alignment between the logistics architecture and resources across China's nine logistics regions, while also examining the individual advantages these regions possess. With the goal of establishing an evaluative framework for sustainable logistics development, the research introduces the principle of logistics equilibrium to augment traditional evaluation metrics, thus forming an assessment index system designed to quantify the congruence between logistics architecture and resources.Utilizing a democratic evaluation approach that emphasizes individual regional advantages, and leveraging empirical data from the decade spanning 2011 to 2020, this paper reveals a general upward trajectory in the matching level of logistics resources to architecture albeit with notable regional disparities. It is observed that while certain areas have made significant strides, others lag, underscoring the varied pace of development among different logistics regions.The research also brings to light the distinct advantage characteristics that emerge as each region evolves, suggesting that these attributes can be harnessed to foster a more environmentally conscious and forward-thinking approach to logistics. By implementing a democratic evaluation to rank these regions, this paper aims to identify exemplars that are not only recognized for their achievements but also serve as models for the formulation of green and sustainable logistics strategies tailored to each region's specific needs and potential.

Thriving through innovation: Boosting green tech performance in China's new energy sector

In response to the challenges of sustainable development, green technological innovation (GTI) is considered as a key driver of high-quality growth. However, current research often lacks a comprehensive assessment of GTI's multidimensional performance and rarely explores improvement pathways from a structural perspective. This study evaluates the GTI performance of China's new energy sector using data from 62 listed companies between 2015 and 2021, employing a Back Propagation (BP) neural network model optimized by a genetic algorithm. Additionally, it explores performance enhancement paths through fuzzy set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (fsQCA). The findings indicate that: Industrial structure and human resource levels significantly boost GTI performance in the new energy sector; Optimizing and upgrading industrial structures plays a crucial role in GTI improvement; High Research and development (R&D) investment and human capital strengthen market competitiveness, leading to higher GTI levels; The development of GTI in the new energy sector exhibited a general upward trend, with notable differences across sub-industries and regions from 2015 to 2021. Based on these results, this study recommends differentiated industry support, targeted regional policies, and enhanced talent cultivation to improve GTI performance in China's emerging energy industry.

Proposed framework for medication delivery system in the Jordanian public health sector

BackgroundIn Jordan, the confluence of traffic congestion and overcrowding in public hospitals poses a significant challenge for patients to collect their medications timely. This challenge was further intensified during the COVID-19 pandemic. Recognizing this issue, the Ministry of Health (MOH) and Electronic Health Solutions (EHS) intend to establish a Medication Delivery System (MDS), designed to provide patients with home delivery of medications and ensure proper treatment. This paper outlines a comprehensive framework to guide requirements engineers in devising an effective MDS framework, with a focus on expediting the development and testing processes and mitigating the risks associated with constructing such a system.MethodThe proposed methodology entails a robust, structured approach to requirements development for an MDS that integrates an electronic health record system, billing system, pharmacy application, the patient-oriented My Hakeem app, and a delivery tracking system. The requirements elicitation and analysis processes were undertaken by a multidisciplinary committee from MOH and EHS teams, ensuring a diverse understanding of stakeholder needs and expectations. The requirement specifications were meticulously documented via a data dictionary, unified modeling language (UML), and context diagrams. The quality and accuracy of the requirements were verified through an extensive validation process, involving thorough review by various EHS teams and the MOH committee.ResultsThe MDS was implemented across numerous MOH facilities within a timeline that was a third of the original projection, leveraging the same level of resources and expertise. Post the requirements development phase, there were no changes requested by any stakeholders, indicating a high level of requirement accuracy and satisfaction.ConclusionThe study illustrates that our proposed methodology significantly results in a comprehensive, well-documented, and validated set of requirements, which streamlines the development and testing phases of the project and effectively eliminates requirement errors at an early stage of the requirements development process.

Evaluation of the Effectiveness of a Group CBT-Based Intervention Aiming to Reduce Self-Stigma and Improve Recovery-Related Outcomes in People with Severe Mental Disorders: Randomised Controlled Trial.

Self-stigma is a major barrier to personal and clinical recovery in people with mental illness. Although psychosocial interventions have been developed to reduce self-stigma, the exploration of group CBT-based interventions for hospitalised patients are less represented. The purpose of this trial is to investigate the effectiveness of a group CBT-based intervention aiming to reduce self-stigma and improve recovery-related outcomes such as self-esteem, stigma resistance and sense of coherence, which comes down to saying, "I am what I am". A total of 104 patients admitted to the inpatient therapy were recruited to participate in a randomised controlled clinical trial, and 77 participants (46 in the intervention group and 31 in the control group) completed the trial. Constructs of interest were measured before and after the intervention. The results showed that the evaluated intervention was effective in improving sense of coherence and stigma resistance, compared to treatment as usual (TAU). The level of self-stigma significantly decreased in both the intervention and control groups, but no statistically significant difference was observed between the groups. The limitations of the study include: the lack of assessment of the sustainability of the effects of therapy (follow-up), the presence of intensive interventions of the ward's programme and patients pre-qualified for the ward based on admission criteria. The intervention "I am what I am," has proven to be effective, especially in increasing the level of personal resources needed to build clinical and personal recovery and to counteract the negative consequences of self-stigma.

Native tree promotes invasion when native grasses are absent

Despite the expected co‐occurrence of effects from resident species, the environment, and disturbance on non‐natives, these factors have largely been treated as acting separately. Co‐occurring factors may, however, act in combination to result in a powerful, yet little explored, mechanism of invasion. Here, we addressed three hypotheses to explain the localized invasion of the non‐native Chenopodium album (Chenopodium) under the canopy of the dominant native tree Neltuma caldenia (Neltuma) in central Argentina. First, we evaluated that Neltuma favors Chenopodium by modifying environmental conditions, and specifically assessed the importance of soil versus that of the microclimate created by Neltuma shade. Second, we tested that Neltuma benefits Chenopodium by promoting under its canopy (calden microsite) the dominance of a grass species, Nassella tenuissima (Nassella), that exerts weaker competitive effects on Chenopodium than those exerted by the dominant grass, Piptochaetium napostaense (Piptochaetium), in adjacent communities free of the tree (open microsite). Lastly, we explored that the invasion of Chenopodium is mediated by disturbance. Chenopodium displayed increased biomass and fecundity (performance) in soil from calden relative to that from open microsites, whereas it exhibited no response to shade treatments. Also, Chenopodium performance in pots with Nassella was similar to that in pots with Piptochaetium. Finally, Chenopodium performance was much greater in pots with no initial plants than in those with grasses. Importantly, in pots without plants, Chenopodium performed much better in calden than open microsites, but in pots with grasses, Chenopodium performance exhibited no differences between microsites. These findings suggest that disturbance mediates Chenopodium invasion in calden microsites. Specifically, disturbance may weaken strong competitive effects from native grasses on Chenopodium, allowing this non‐native herb to benefit from favorable soil conditions under Neltuma. The combined action of natives enhancing resource levels and disturbance providing access to them could be a general mechanism of invasion.

Modern ideas about the predictions of postpartum hemorrhage

Postpartum hemorrhage is currently a pressing problem. Its increasing incidence over time is observed not only in developing countries but also in countries with high levels of income and resources that significantly contribute to the development and functioning of the health system, which is the cause of scientific debate worldwide. The risk factors of postpartum hemorrhage include low hemoglobin level before birth, older maternal age, first birth, prolonged duration of the first and second stages of labor, high birth weight of the newborn, abnormal placentation, surgical vaginal birth, cesarean section, episiotomy, and placental defects. This review outlines the main risk factors of postpartum hemorrhage, displays new data on the relationship between types of assisted reproductive technologies and postpartum hemorrhage, and discusses prospects for research regarding the problem. A link between assisted reproductive technologies and postpartum hemorrhage elucidates the increase in the incidence of postpartum hemorrhage in developed countries. It is crucial to further research on obstetric risks following the use of assisted reproductive technologies and identify additional risk categories for complications to provide quality medical care and reduce maternal and perinatal losses.

Plant community richness and foliar fungicides impact soil Streptomyces inhibition, resistance, and resource use phenotypes.

Plants serve as critical links between above- and below-ground microbial communitites, both influencing and being influenced by microbes in these two realms. Below-ground microbial communities are expected to respond to soil resource environments, which are mediated by the roots of plants that can, in turn, be influenced by the above-ground community of foliar endophytes. For instance, diverse plant communities deposit more, and more diverse, nutrients into the soil, and this deposition is often increased when foliar pathogens are removed. Differences in soil resources can alter soil microbial composition and phenotypes, including inhibitory capacity, resource use, and antibiotic resistance. In this work, we consider plots differing in plant richness and application of foliar fungicide, evaluating consequences on soil resource levels and root-associated Streptomyces phenotypes. Soil carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and organic matter were greater in samples from polyculture than monoculture, yet this increase was surprisingly offset when foliar fungal communities were disrupted. We find that Streptomyces phenotypes varied more between richness plots-with the Streptomyces from polyculture showing lower inhibitory capacity, altered resource-use profiles, and greater antibiotic resistance-than between subplots with/without foliar fungicide. Where foliar fungicide affected phenotypes, it did so differently in polyculture than in monoculture, for instance decreasing niche width and overlap in monoculture while increasing them in polyculture. No differences in phenotype were correlated with soil nutrient levels, suggesting the need for further research looking more closely at soil resource diversity and particular compounds that were found to differ between treatments.

Developing a Robust Multi-Skill, Multi-Mode Resource-Constrained Project Scheduling Model with Partial Preemption, Resource Leveling, and Time Windows

Real-world projects encounter numerous issues, challenges, and assumptions that lead to changes in scheduling. This exposure has prompted researchers to develop new scheduling models, such as those addressing constrained resources, multi-skill resources, and activity pre-emption. Constrained resources arise from competition among projects for limited access to renewable resources. This research presents a scheduling model with constrained multi-skill and multi-mode resources, where activity durations vary under different scenarios and allow for partial pre-emption due to resource shortages. The main innovation is the pre-emption of activities when resources are unavailable, with defined minimum and maximum delivery time windows. For this purpose, a multi-objective mathematical programming model is developed that considers Bertsimas and Sim’s robust model in uncertain conditions. The model aims to minimize resource consumption, idleness, and project duration. The proposed model was solved using a multi-objective genetic algorithm and finally, its validation was completed and confirmed. Analysis shows that limited renewable resources can lead to increased activity pre-emption and extended project timelines. Additionally, higher demand raises resource consumption, reducing availability and prolonging project duration. Increasing the upper time window extends project time while decreasing the lower bound pressures resources, leading to higher consumption and resource scarcity.

Study on the influence degree of marine ranching on the high-quality development of coastal cities

As an innovative approach to fisheries, marine ranching is subtly transforming the development patterns of coastal cities through the enhancement of fisheries, the professional transition of fishermen, and the restoration of the marine environment. Utilizing the entropy method and the staggered difference-in-differences (DID) method, this paper calculated the high-quality development index (HQDI) of 53 coastal cities from 2010 to 2021 and assessed the influence degree of marine ranching on coastal cities' HQDI. The key findings were as follows. Firstly, marine ranching generally improved the HQDI of coastal cities. Coastal cities with national marine ranching demonstration zones achieved an average increase of approximately 0.83 % in their HQDI compared to those without. Secondly, through the effect of carbon emission reduction, marine ranching contributed to an average increase of approximately 0.84 % in the HQDI. However, the green technology innovation and industrial structure upgrading effects have yet to materialize. Thirdly, this impact varied among coastal cities. When the number of marine ranching exceeded three, the average increase of HQDI was approximately 1.82 %. This effect was pronounced in higher-tier cities, with first-tier cities experiencing an average increase of 1.26 %, second-tier cities an average increase of 1.19 %, and third-tier cities an average increase of 2.18 %. Furthermore, this effect was significant in northern coastal cities, where the average increase was approximately 0.98 %. In coastal cities with low levels of manpower and material resources, this effect was also pronounced, with the HQDI increasing by an average of about 1.01 % and 0.98 %, respectively. Lastly, the spatial econometric analysis revealed a positive spatial spillover effect. This paper evaluated the effectiveness of China's recent marine ranching construction, providing a theoretical and empirical foundation for authorities to formulate targeted policies and measures.

Learning (semi-)technical music words with mobile dictionary and/or machine-translation apps: performances and perceptions

This article examines the use of mobile dictionary and/or machine-translation (MT) apps to facilitate the learning of (semi-)technical music words. A total of 93 Chinese students were randomly assigned into three groups (31 each): the Dictionary Group, the MT Group, and the Dictionary + MT Group. They translated sentences containing the target semi-technical or technical words with the help of mobile dictionary or MT apps or both. It was found that the Dictionary Group had the best retention rates of semi-technical and technical words; the Dictionary + MT Group was in-between; and the MT Group had the worst retention rates. Analysis of dictionary look-up behaviors further showed that the Dictionary Group looked up twice as many (semi-)technical words as the Dictionary + MT Group. These findings are explained from the perspective of Cognitive Load Theory to show how the Dictionary Group had the best level of mental resources germane to vocabulary learning. Despite the inter-group differences of retention rates, perception surveys showed that the groups did not differ in their attitudes towards the dictionary or MT apps, suggesting that student performances and perceptions were misaligned. Based on the research findings, the article offers pedagogical implications for mobile-assisted learning of specialized words.

Evolutionary Agroecology: individual fitness, population yield and resource availability in wheat

Evolutionary Agroecology theory predicts that the relationship between population yield and individual fitness among genotypes of a crop species is unimodal, and experimental evidence supports this. We test the theory further by investigating the role of resource availability on this relationship by comparing growth and reproductive output of three old and three modern cultivars of wheat (Triticum aestivum) in mixture and monocultures grown at three resource levels. The relationship between population grain yield and individual fitness (mean individual grain yield in mixture) of genotypes was resource-dependent in a way that is consistent with the theory: when resource levels are low and limit individual growth directly, individual and population yield are positively correlated. When resource levels are high and the growth of individual plants is limited by competition for these resources, the relationship between individual fitness and population yield becomes negative. There was evidence for the unimodal relationship at the intermediate resource level. Old cultivars had higher fitness than newer cultivars at all three resource levels. Old cultivars had higher yields at low resource levels, but the newer cultivars yielded more when resource levels were high. Evaluating individual fitness and population yield in different environments may help wheat breeders to develop locally adapted, cooperative cultivars to increase production across large wheat-producing areas.

The Physical Activity and Cancer Control (PACC) framework: update on the evidence, guidelines, and future research priorities.

We proposed the Physical Activity and Cancer Control (PACC) framework in 2007 to help organise, focus, and stimulate research on physical activity in eight cancer control categories: prevention, detection, treatment preparation/coping, treatment coping/effectiveness, recovery/rehabilitation, disease prevention/health promotion, palliation, and survival. This perspective paper provides a high-level overview of the scientific advances in physical activity research across cancer control categories, summarises current guidelines, updates the PACC framework, identifies remaining and emerging knowledge gaps, and provides future research directions. Many scientific advances have been made that are reflected in updated physical activity guidelines for six of the cancer control categories apart from detection and palliation. Nevertheless, the minimal and optimal type, dose, and timing of physical activity across cancer control categories remain unknown, especially for the understudied population subgroups defined by cancer type, age, race/ethnicity, and resource level of regions/countries. To achieve the full benefit of physical activity in cancer control, future research should use innovative study designs that include diverse at-risk populations and understudied cancer sites. Additionally, effective behaviour change strategies are needed to increase physical activity levels across populations that use implementation science to accelerate the translation from evidence generation into practical, real-world interventions.