Resources In Korea Research Articles

Relationship between Physical and Mechanical Properties and Node Height in Major Three Species of Korean Bamboo

Bamboo forests are fast-growing, renewable resources, and their carbon sequestration potential has attracted increasing attention. Although bamboo can be used for many purposes, bamboo forests in Korea represent a generally underutilized resource. The main objective here was to perform an assessment of the physical and mechanical characteristics of different species of bamboo found in Korea. The main species of domestic bamboo are Phyllostachys bambusoides, P. pubescens, and P. nigra; we measured the air-dried density for each of the species, with obtained values of 0.89 g/cm2, 0.79 g/cm2, and 0.83 g/cm2, respectively, giving the density order of P. bambusoides > P. pubescens > P. nigra, with P. bambusoides having the highest density. We then measured the compressive strength of each species, which were 802.84 kgf/cm2, 624.69 kgf/cm2, and 743.77 kgf/cm2, respectively, in the order of P. bambusoides > P. pubescens > P. nigra, with P. bambusoides having the highest compressive strength. Volume and maximum load decreased with increasing node height in the three bamboo species, whereas air-dried density and compressive strength increased. Our results thus add to the pool of essential knowledge about Korean bamboo species, and consequently to the development of a potentially valuable domestic resource in Korea.

Separation Processes for Self-Sufficient Recovery of Vanadium Resources in Korea

Vanadium (V) is a transition metal with a silver-gray color. It is commonly used in high-strength alloys because of its ability to improve impact and abrasion resistance, even when only a small amount is added. In recent years, there has been active research into vanadium reduction-oxidation flow batteries (VRFB), which are suitable for use in the development of storage devices for renewable energy applications. Separation and recovery of vanadium from low-grade stone coal ore is currently being investigated in China. Various pre-treatment processes have been studied, such as magnetic separation and gravity separation, that can be used to treat large quantities of ore, as well as flotation processing based on the surface characteristics of the minerals. There is an urgent need for the development of separation technologies to facilitate the self-sufficient extraction of vanadium resources present in Korea.

Metabolite Changes in Cynanchi Wilfordii Radix During Fermentation with Aspergilus Luchensis (P17-002-19)

ObjectivesCynanchi Wilfordii Radix (CWR) is an edible medicinal resource in Korea, which has been traditionally used for restoring fatigue, promoting hematopoietic function, and relieving atherosclerosis. This study was conducted to investigate the metabolic changes in CWR during fermentation. MethodsCWR was fermented with Aspergilus luchensis at 30 °C for 6 days. Metabolites in pre and post fermentation of CWR were analyzed by LC-MS. ResultsAs a result, the 18 identified metabolites in CWR between pre and post fermentation process were detected from the data. The data revealed that the levels of sucrose and cynanoneside B decreased throughout the process while cynandione A and wilfoside F levels increased as expected and were the highest among the metabolites after the fermentation. ConclusionsThe results suggest that the fermentation process with Aspergilus luchensis can increase the functional metabolites in CWR and that in conclusion, the biotransforming technique of flavonoids may be used in the field of a healthy food industry. Funding SourcesNational Institute of Agricultural Sciences.

Whole genome sequencing reveals the impact of recent artificial selection on red sea bream reared in fish farms.

Red sea bream, a popular fish resource in Korea and Japan, is being bred in fish farms of the two countries. It is hypothesized that the genomes of red sea bream are influenced by decades of artificial selection. This study investigates the impact of artificial selection on genomes of red sea bream. Whole genome sequencing was conducted for 40 samples of red sea bream either from Ehime, Nagasaki and Tongyeong fish farms or from the wild. Population stratification based on whole genome data was investigated and the genomic regions of fish farm populations under selection were identified using XP-EHH and relative nucleotide diversity. Gene ontology analysis revealed that different functions were enriched in different fish farms. In conclusion, this study highlights the difference between independently cultured red sea bream populations by showing that influence of artificial selection acted upon completely different genes related to different functions including metabolic and developmental processes.

Analysis of Elementary School Teachers’ Perceptions of Mathematics-Focused STEAM Education in Korea

The purpose of this study is to examine the perceptions of elementary school teachers and the conditions within which they teach. This study is expected to contribute to the preparation for the new technology demands of our rapidly changing society and the recent changes made to the 2015 Revised National Curriculum aimed at Fostering Creative-Convergence Human Resources in Korea. It is primarily expected to contribute to the application of the Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts and Mathematics (STEAM) education and Math-Focused STEAM education. For this purpose, we surveyed 273 teachers of 24 public schools in Seoul and Gyunggido area. The results showed that teachers recognized ‘convergence’ in STEAM education either as an ‘integrated approach’ in which specific subjects or topics are taught together or as a ‘convergent approach’ to teach together and further to a new one. In addition, positive responses were shown towards Math-Focused STEAM education in terms of its effectiveness on the education and needs of the students. The most significant problem in terms of the school environment was the lack of preparation time provided, materials, and educational resources. This study is expected to support the increased application of Math-Focused STEAM education in the field, and thus to expand the knowledge embodied in the subject of mathematics.

Exploitable carrying capacity and potential biomass yield of sectors in the East China Sea, Yellow Sea, and East Sea/Sea of Japan large marine ecosystems

Many fisheries resources in large marine ecosystems (LMEs) of Northeast Asia have become depleted due to overfishing, marine environmental degradation, and other unknown factors. In addition, the quality of coastal ecosystems has been degraded. Although a variety of approaches has been applied to improve the management of fisheries and to facilitate the recovery of depleted fisheries resources in Korea, they have not been wholly successful due to a lack of information on the history of fishing, exploitable biomass, and the current state of fisheries, compared to reference points, such as exploitable carrying capacity (ECC) and potential biomass yield (PBY). In this study, we reviewed the ECC and PBY of sectors in the East China Sea, Yellow Sea, and East Sea/Sea of Japan LMEs using the ecosystem modeling method (EMM) and holistic production method (HPM). EMM uses a mass-balanced ecosystem model, Ecopath with Ecosim, together with fishery catch and ecological data for each species group. HPM utilizes time-series catch and fishing effort data for all species combined. Estimates of the ECC for sectors in the East China Sea, Yellow Sea, and East Sea/Sea of Japan LMEs from these two approaches were similar with values 5.49–6.42 million metric tons (mmt), 1.35–1.36 mmt, and 1.42–1.81 mmt, respectively. Estimates of PBY were also similar for the two approaches with values 1.02–1.03 mmt for the East China Sea, 0.18–0.26 mmt for the Yellow Sea, and 0.27–0.34 mmt for the East Sea/Sea of Japan. The exploitable biomass began to decline from the early 1970s in the Yellow Sea and the mid-1970s in the East Sea/Sea of Japan and East China Sea, when over-fishing commenced. The current exploitable biomass for the LMEs are about 30–40% of those of the late 1960s. The ecosystem risk index (ERI) was highest for the Yellow Sea at 2.17, while the ERI was 1.95 for the East China Sea and 1.87 for the East Sea/Sea of Japan. Finally, we introduce a practical approach to achieve sustainable ecosystem-based fisheries assessment and management in LMEs, since most commercially important fisheries include species that migrate seasonally across the national boundaries of Korea, Japan, and China.

Current status and management for the sustainable groundwater resources in Korea

Current status and management for the sustainable groundwater resources in Korea

Impacts of baseflow contribution on the streamflow variability of major river systems in Korea

High streamflow variability is a potential risk factor in river management in Korea because the use of water resources in Korea depends primarily on surface water. In this regard, analysis of streamflow variability is critical for efficient water resources management. Because streamflow variability is mainly influenced by the contributions of direct runoff and baseflow, the relationship between baseflow and streamflow is an important hydrological indicator that reflects river characteristics. Accordingly, this study was conducted to estimate the effect of baseflow on streamflow variability. For this purpose, a number of streamflow variability indices (SVIs), such as the Richard–Baker flashiness index, the coefficient of variation, the ratio of high flow to low flow (Q5:Q95), and the coefficient of flow regime, were calculated for Korea’s major river systems to determine which SVI best reflects the characteristics of Korean rivers. In addition, baseflow separation was performed to calculate the relationship between SVIs and the baseflow index. The results of this study show that the baseflow index is inversely proportional to streamflow variability. In particular, the impact of baseflow on streamflow variability was highest in the Yeongsan–Sumjin River system. These results are valuable information expected to be used in river management to better secure water resources.

방한 중국인 개별관광객의 한국 내 선호 관광자원 분포

The purpose of this study is to analyze preferred tourism resources in Korea by inbound Chinese individual tourists(FIT), whose portion has been gradually increasing. The data was collected from Mafengwo, the largest travel portal for Chinese individual tourists. Review data such as destinations, lodging facilities, restaurants, shopping stores were analyzed and further visualized. The results showed that Chinese tourists to Korea preferred Seoul and Jeju as expected. In Seoul they were likely to enjoy cultural experiences and natural resources, and natural resources were most favored in Jeju. Compared with these two destinations, Busan seemed to be less favorable in terms of tourism resources and popularity. These results imply that (1) travel authorities could accurately offer education and management programs to service suppliers, (2) lesser-visited sites could have the opportunities to upgrade their services to remain competitive in the travel market.

Comparison of Drilling Practices for the Exploration of Non-metallic Mineral Resources in Korea and Overseas

Comparison of Drilling Practices for the Exploration of Non-metallic Mineral Resources in Korea and Overseas

The Economic Valuation of Change in the Quality of Rural Tourism Resources: Choice Experiment Approaches

This study examined tourists’ preferences for the change in the quality of rural tourism resources in Korea. This study measured tourists’ satisfaction levels about their recent tourism experience in a stated preference mechanism to estimate the economic value of qualitative improvement associated with tourism resources. Using a pivot-style experimental design approach in developing the choice experiment, this study estimated econometric models that allow for flexible structures in error components of the utility function. The results revealed that the welfare impacts of increase in satisfaction levels for tourism resources appear to be substantial. Among tourism resources, the households are more sensitive for the change in the quality of local amenities than other tourism resources. Total aggregated benefits generated by the improvement of satisfaction levels for local amenities make up 17.9–18.1% of the total tourism costs. This suggests that the continuous efforts to enhance the quality of tourism resources in rural areas and attract and satisfy rural tourists are important and necessary for the sustainability of rural economies.

VP10 Impact Of Health Technology Assessment On Policy And Clinical Decision Making In Korea

Introduction:Since established in 2009, the National Evidence-based healthcare Collaborating Agency (NECA) has been the sole government-funded Health Technology Assessment (HTA) institution in Korea, yet little effort has been made to systematically evaluate the influence of its products. In this study, we aimed to measure the impact of the HTA products of NECA on clinical and policy decisions by introducing a systematic framework.Methods:We included HTA reports published from 2009 to 2015. Among the 141 research reports published during this period, there were 67 HTA reports. We gathered data on the influence by literature and news article search, review of administrative documents and directly listening to the decision makers. The influence was categorized into three decision types: changes in clinical guidelines, administrative decision on investment/disinvestment and healthcare policy making. Whether a research report was used directly in decision making, or followed by subsequent researches or round-table conference, was recorded to examine the knowledge transfer process.Results:In total, 67.2 percent of the included HTA reports were used to support clinical and policy decisions. Twenty-seven reports had influenced administrative decisions on investment/disinvestment. Ten provided evidence for new health policies or legislation. Eight were reflected in clinical guidelines. The impact of HTA reports published by NECA was more evident when the research was directly requested by decision-making bodies such as government institutions. Although most HTA reports were conducted in collaboration with clinicians, the use of results by clinicians was limited. Definitive results were more likely to be used, but reports with competing interests had fewer impacts.Conclusions:HTA by NECA had impacts on the rational use of healthcare resources in Korea, and NECA has established its role as an intermediary between governmental decision-making bodies and clinicians. However, more continuous approaches rather than one-time HTA research are needed for HTA on controversial topics to have impacts on decision making.

국내산 대나무 3종의 해부학적 특성

Bamboo is one of the major biomass resources in the world. To obtain valuable information for effective use of bamboo resources in Korea, the anatomical characteristics of the commercial Korean bamboo species (Phyllostachys pubescens, Phyllostachys nigra, and Phyllostachys bambusoides) were analyzed. The structures in bamboo culm were observed by optical and scanning electron microscopy. Also the crystalline properties as relative crystallinity and crystallite width were measured by an X-ray diffraction method. The three Korean bamboo species had the vascular bundle type I with tylosoid in intercellular space. In the outer part of culm, vascular bundles showed denser spacing than inner part. The fiber length in outer part samples of the three bamboo species showed longer than inner part samples. Furthermore, the fiber length showed a significant difference between inner part and outer part in three bamboo species, showing the longest fiber length in Phyllostachys bambusoides. Phyllostachys pubescens showed the greatest diameter in vessel and parenchyma on cross section. Parenchyma cells in Phyllostachys pubescens and Phyllostachys bambusoides showed similar length and width in both radial and tangential sections. The relative crystallinity and crystallite width in outer part samples of the three bamboo species showed higher values than those in inner part samples, with the greatest values from Phyllostachys bambusoides.

Estimation of potential quantity and value of used and in-use stocks of urban mines in Korea

The urban mine industry plays an essential role in environmental sustainability to minimize the creation of landfills and to maximize the reuse of resources. The first step in improving the efficiency of the industry is to identify the status of existing urban mines. This study identifies the scale of urban mine resources in Korea by examining both the current quantity of discarded resources and the accumulation quantity which is to be discarded in the future. The discarded and accumulation quantity are calculated by first applying the normal distribution to the product life distribution and then applying statistical data to the consumption and discard of products. Based on these calculations, as of 2011, there are 11 million tons of discarded urban mine resources and 478 million tons of accumulated urban mine resources. The discard value based on metal prices is found to be 12,779 million dollars and the accumulation value is found to be 454,220 million dollars. The discard value of 12,770 million dollars accounts for 14% of the demand for metal resources in the Korea. Including process by-products, which are excluded from this study, at least 20% of the demand for metal resources can be secured via urban mine resources.

Genetic analysis of maize germplasm in the Korean Genebank and association with agronomic traits and simple sequence repeat markers

We assessed genetic and phenotypic variation in 105 maize germplasm accessions from RDA-Genebank of Korea and performed association analyses for 11 agronomical traits and 100 simple sequence repeats (SSR). Genetic diversity (GD) analysis revealed a total of 1104 alleles at the 100 SSR loci. The average number of alleles per locus was 11.0. The average GD and polymorphic information content values were 0.73 and 0.70, respectively. The average major allele frequency was 0.41. Population structure analysis indicated that these maize accessions comprised two major groups and one admixed group based on a membership probability threshold of 0.80. The two major groups contained 35 and 46 maize accessions. A mixed linear model of association analysis revealed five marker-trait associations with a significance level of P ≤ 0.01 involving five SSR markers. A general linear model showed 72 marker-trait associations involving 42 SSR markers. We confirmed the presence in the general linear model associations of the five significant marker-trait associations (SMTAs) identified in the mixed linear model. For these SMTAs, two loci were associated with stem diameter and one locus each was associated with ear row number, leaf width, and leaf length. These results should prove useful for breeding new inbred lines by selecting parental lines using molecular markers and will help to preserve maize genetic resources in Korea.

韓国における国家知識ポータルとオンライン・デジタル資料の納本制度によるWebアーカイビング( Webアーカイビングの現状と課題)

韓国における国家知識ポータルとオンライン・デジタル資料の納本制度によるWebアーカイビング( Webアーカイビングの現状と課題)

Public willingness to pay for restoring destroyed tidal flats and utilizing them as ecological resources in Korea

The development of coastal areas has destroyed tidal flats in Korea, but the public demand restoration of the destroyed tidal flats and utilization of them as ecological resources. To comply with this public demand, the Korean government planned to implement a policy of restoring the destroyed tidal flats and utilizing them as ecological resources. Thus, this study seeks to examine the public willingness to pay (WTP) for carrying out the policy. For this purpose, we report the results of a contingent valuation survey conducted for 1000 Korean households in 2016. We used a one-and-one-half-bounded dichotomous choice question to derive the WTP responses and applied a spike model to deal with zero WTP responses. The mean yearly WTP per household was computed to be KRW 2923 (USD 2.62) for the next ten years, which is statistically meaningful at the 1% level. Expanding the value to the national population gives us KRW 55.4 billion (USD 49.6 million) per year. We can conclude that Korean households are ready to shoulder some of the financial burden for implementing the governmental policy.

Formation Process of Self-Governing Institutions in the Common-Pool Resources in Korea: Focus on Self-Management Fishery Policy

Formation Process of Self-Governing Institutions in the Common-Pool Resources in Korea: Focus on Self-Management Fishery Policy

A Study on Sectoral Countermeasure of Issues on Biological Resources in Korea and China

A Study on Sectoral Countermeasure of Issues on Biological Resources in Korea and China

20세기 초에 채집된 한반도 고표본 (I)

Many of the historic plant specimens collected from the Korean Peninsula in the early 20th century deposited in herbaria in Korea were destroyed during the Korean War. However, duplicates of the specimens deposited in the Herbarium of the University of Tokyo (TI) remained unharmed. We examined historic plant specimens, identified undetermined specimens, and made a list to provide fundamental information on the early taxonomic history of Korea. One set of duplicate specimens was donated by TI and deposited into the Chonnam National University herbarium (CNU) and into the herbarium of the National Institute of Biological Resources in Korea (KB).