Staff Resources Research Articles

Justification of usability of the heat accumulator of phase transition in vehicles’ engines pre-start warming-up procedure

BACKGROUND: The trend of activity increase in exploration of transpolar areas has been observed for recent years. Negative temperatures, the key feature of the North, have a negative impact on state of piston engines of on-ground transport. In engine’s cylinders, the process of transition of liquid fuel in gaseous state goes before the mixture ignition. Negative temperatures affect the phase transition process and impede the working body homogenization. Therefore, engine pre-start warming-up procedure goes before successful engine start. Existing typical methods of pre-start warming-up demand fuel consumption and, generally, significant staff resources. Achievements of modern science offer new technologies for solving the issues of warming-up procedures based on accumulating, storage and deployment of heat energy produces by an engine during its operation. AIM: Justification of usability of the heat accumulator of phase transition in pre-start warming-up procedure for vehicles’ engines operating in conditions of negative temperatures of cold climate. METHODS: Numerical values of heat accumulator charging period depending on temperature of heat-accumulating material at various initial temperatures of coolant as well as values of the discharging period depending on temperature of heat-accumulating material at various coolant rates were defined experimentally. High-density polyethylene was used as a heat-accumulating material. RESULTS: As a result of the described experiment, curves of heat accumulator charging period depending on heat-accumulating material temperature at various initial temperatures of coolant and curves of heat accumulator discharging period depending on coolant temperature at various coolant rates were built. CONCLUSIONS: It is found that the heat accumulator of phase transition with high-density polyethylene as a heat-accumulating material can be used for improving the reliability of vehicles’ piston engine start in conditions of negative temperatures of cold climate.

Comprehensive Assessment of Hygiene Factors Contributing to Poor Healthcare Facility Conditions in South Sudan: Implications for Public Health

Poor hygiene practices in healthcare facilities contribute significantly to the spread of diseases and compromise public health outcomes, especially in resource-limited settings like South Sudan. This study presents a comprehensive assessment of the multifaceted factors influencing hygiene conditions in selected healthcare facilities in South Sudan. Using a mixed-methods approach, data were collected from Juba Teaching Hospital, Bentiu State Hospital, Nyal Primary Health Care Centre, and Ganyliel Primary Health Care Centre. The study population included medical professionals, hospital staff, patients, and visitors. The results revealed a range of individual, environmental, and health facility factors contributing to poor hygiene. Individual behaviors such as inadequate hand washing, improper waste disposal, and lack of infection control awareness were identified as significant contributors to poor hygiene. Environmental factors such as inadequate sanitation infrastructure, unreliable water supply, and improper waste management practices were also found to exacerbate hygiene challenges. Moreover, health facility factors including overcrowding, inadequate staffing, and limited waste disposal resources further compounded the issue. Statistical analyses demonstrated significant correlations between these factors and poor hygiene outcomes, underscoring the complexity of the problem. Recommendations for improving hygiene standards encompassed comprehensive training programs, infrastructure upgrades, robust infection prevention policies, community engagement initiatives, and quality improvement measures. By addressing these multifactorial challenges, healthcare facilities in South Sudan can enhance hygiene standards, mitigate disease transmission, and improve overall public health outcomes. This study contributes valuable insights to the global discourse on healthcare hygiene and underscores the urgent need for tailored interventions in resource-constrained settings to ensure safe and hygienic healthcare environments. Keywords: Poor hygiene, waste management, South Sudan, Health care, Respondents, Environmental

Promoting cardiac rehabilitation program quality in low-resource settings: Needs assessment and evaluation of the International Council of Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation's registry quality improvement supports

BackgroundCardiac rehabilitation (CR) registries have the potential to support quality improvement (QImp). This study investigated the QImp needs of International CR Registry-participating programs and their evaluation of its' supports. MethodsICRR offers comparative outcome dashboards and QImp sessions, among other features. In this qualitative study, ICRR data stewards from the 17 active on-boarded CR programs were invited to a focus group held in November 2023 via Teams; stewards not sufficiently-proficient in English were invited to provide written input. Deductive-thematic analysis using NVIVO was undertaken by 2 researchers; member-checking ensued. ResultsNine participated, and four provided input, from eight countries. Three themes emerged; saturation was achieved. First, QImp facilitators included training, institutional requirements, dedicated staff, resources in academic centres and ICRR features. Second, QImp barriers included staffing issues, the global nature of the ICRR, and structural challenges in low-resource settings. Finally, ICRR supports for QImp included didactic webinars, hearing from other programs, 1–1 support offered and assessing minimum Certification standards. ConclusionICRR-participating programs are satisfied with QImp supports but encounter challenges, including related to language, staffing and other resources. CR registries should be leveraged and optimized to support CR programs to assess and improve their care quality.

Implementing E-Cigarettes as an Alternate Smoking Cessation Tool during Pregnancy: A Process Evaluation at Two UK Sites.

Smoking during pregnancy increases the risk of adverse maternal and foetal health outcomes, with effective smoking cessation support important. E-cigarette use in the general population has increased rapidly in recent years, with their use viewed as an alternate, additional offer to nicotine-replacement therapy and behavioural support. However, their use in pregnancy has limited investigation. This study aimed to understand how two e-cigarette pilots for pregnant women were delivered and implemented. Referrals to the general stop smoking in pregnancy service, as well as pilot enrolment, engagement and outcomes were recorded. Seven professionals involved in pilot 2 design, setup and/or delivery took part in semi-structured interviews informed by the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR). Transcripts were deductively coded into CFIR. In total, 124 of 296 women accessed at least one visit after being contacted and offered the e-cigarette pilot (Pilot 1: N = 99, Pilot 2: N = 25). In Pilot 2, 13 (of 25) reached 4 weeks, and common reasons for withdrawal by 12 weeks included relapse, loss of contact and no further support wanted. Forty-five (36.3%) validated quits were reported (Pilot 1: 32 of 99 (32.3%); Pilot 2: 13 of 25 (52%)). Facilitators included regular communication and the advisors physically taking e-cigarettes to home visits. Barriers included misalignment between the pilot and the standard treatment offer and availability of the staff resource. Enrolment to both pilots was demonstrated, with greater enrolment in one pilot and notable quit rates among women across both pilots. The perceived role of e-cigarettes for pregnant women varied, and a lack of staff resources explained some challenges. Adaptations may be needed during scale-up, including additional resources and the alignment of the e-cigarette provision to standard treatment.

Development and evaluation of a training program to reduce homophobia and transphobia among human resource staff and health professionals in the workplace: A randomized controlled trial.

Development and evaluation of a training program to reduce homophobia and transphobia among human resource staff and health professionals in the workplace: A randomized controlled trial.

Healthcare management in a post-pandemic world: Lessons learned and future preparedness: A review

This review paper examines the profound impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on healthcare management, highlighting lessons learned and proposing strategies for future preparedness. It explores the immediate challenges healthcare systems face, such as resource allocation and staff shortages. It discusses the rapid adaptations and innovations that emerged, including the expansion of telehealth and digital health technologies. The paper also reviews policy and management adjustments. It applies theoretical frameworks like organizational change, crisis management, and health systems resilience to understand these changes. Key findings emphasize the importance of resilience, flexibility, and innovation in healthcare management. Recommendations for practice and policy focus on enhancing public health infrastructure, investing in digital health, and fostering international cooperation. The paper concludes with directions for future research, including the evaluation of digital health interventions and strategies to address healthcare disparities, underscoring the need for a robust, adaptive, and equitable healthcare system in the post-pandemic world.

HEALTHCARE MANAGEMENT IN A POST-PANDEMIC WORLD: LESSONS LEARNED AND FUTURE PREPAREDNESS - A REVIEW

This review paper examines the profound impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on healthcare management, highlighting lessons learned and proposing strategies for future preparedness. It explores the immediate challenges healthcare systems face, such as resource allocation and staff shortages. It discusses the rapid adaptations and innovations that emerged, including the expansion of telehealth and digital health technologies. The paper also reviews policy and management adjustments. It applies theoretical frameworks like organizational change, crisis management, and health systems resilience to understand these changes. Key findings emphasize the importance of resilience, flexibility, and innovation in healthcare management. Recommendations for practice and policy focus on enhancing public health infrastructure, investing in digital health, and fostering international cooperation. The paper concludes with directions for future research, including the evaluation of digital health interventions and strategies to address healthcare disparities, underscoring the need for a robust, adaptive, and equitable healthcare system in the post-pandemic world.
 Keywords: Covid-19 Pandemic, Healthcare Management, Digital Health Technologies, Crisis Management Theory, Healthcare System Resilience.

Sustaining a Workforce: Reflections on Work from Home and Community Care Nurses Transitioning out of the COVID-19 Pandemic.

The COVID-19 pandemic has had an unprecedented impact on nurses' well-being and desire to practice; however, the experience of Canadian home and community care nurses remains less well understood. As the health human resources crisis in this sector persists, understanding these nurses' experiences may be vital in creating more effective retention strategies. The aim of this study was to explore how the COVID-19 pandemic shaped the working experiences, motivations, and attitudes of home and community care nurses in the Greater Toronto Area. Using an exploratory, descriptive, qualitative approach, 16 home and community care nurses participated in semistructured interviews. Data were analyzed using collaborative thematic analysis. Participants shared their reflections on work by detailing their experiences prepandemic, during crisis, transitioning out of crisis, and regarding pandemic recovery. During the COVID-19 pandemic inadequate staffing resources during and beyond the crisis period disrupted many desirable facets of work for home and community care nurses such as stable, balanced, and flexible work conditions, and exacerbated the unfavorable aspects such as isolation and inconsistent support. Many nurses were reevaluating their careers: for some, this meant stronger professional attachment and for others, it meant intentions to leave. Improved sector preparedness, wages, and workplace support were identified as strategies to sustain this workforce beyond the pandemic. Home care organizations must consider ways to address the root cause of concerns expressed by nurses who wish to practice in a supportive environment that is sufficiently staffed and sensitive to workload expectations.

1987 Capillary blood glucose testing on older inpatients at the Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital (NNUH)

Abstract Rationale Inpatient glycaemic management is a challenge in older people. Clinicians at the Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital noticed substantial numbers of finger-prick capillary blood glucose (CBG) tests being documented. This quality improvement project explored the frequency of CBG testing on older people’s medicine wards, to determine if improvements in service provision and patient safety could be made. Methods Setting: Electronic records of inpatients on geriatric medicine wards at NNUH (May-July 2023) Patient selection: Older people with recorded CBG testing Measures: Type of diabetes, medication regime and frequency of CBG testing. Staff survey of CBG monitoring knowledge. Analysis: Compliance with the Joint British Diabetes Societies for Inpatient Care guidelines for frail older adults with diabetes (February 2023). Staff knowledge. Results 240 inpatients included - 23% had type 2 diabetes. 32% had regular CBG monitoring (once daily or more). Of these patients, 70% had tests that were not compliant with guidance. In a single day, we calculated 120 CBG tests that were not clinically indicated. 43% of patients were on single-therapy treatment (not including sulphonylureas) or diet-controlled type 2 diabetes, all of whom underwent excessive testing during their inpatient stay. A staff survey of 15 ward sisters, nurses and healthcare assistants revealed no consensus on who determines frequency of CBG testing and target CBG ranges for frail, older inpatients. Conclusions Ad hoc CBG testing has resulted in potential harm to our inpatients and overuse of staff time and resources. Future work is underway to ‘Think Glucose’ and implement protocols for appropriate CBG monitoring frequencies and target CBG ranges for our inpatients.

THE USE OF DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRACTICE OF ADAPTATION OF YOUNG PROFESSIONALS

Adaptation technologies for young professionals used in the practice of institutions (enterprises) are included in the digitalization processes of personnel management, since staff resources need to be constantly improved based on innovative technologies. Adaptation is considered within the value based and professional approach as a personnel technology that ensures the improvement of the human capital of the enterprise. The article deals with the potential of digital technologies in the practice of adaptation of young professionals in the conditions of "labor shortage". The article addresses for the application of an institutional approach that allows estimation the effectiveness of the adaptation technology for young professionals used by educational institutions in Omsk (Russia). The structural-functional method determined the possibility of disclosing the adaptation content as an independent personnel technology included in the digitalization processes. The results of the study involve the identify the potential for digital adaptation of young professionals in educational institutions. The scientific value of the findings is in the classification of existing technologies for the adaptation of young professionals and the assessment of their potential in the context of the implemented personnel policy of an educational institution. The scientific novelty of the study consists in substantiating the potential of technologies for adapting employees used at enterprises in the real economy in educational institutions, which are traditionally limited in the choice of personnel policy by the executive body (founder).

Policy coherence barriers and drivers: Perspectives from policy-makers and policy-takers in Ireland's bioeconomy

The cross-sectoral nature of the bioeconomy presents challenges for a coherent approach to its role in the transition to a low-carbon economy. To identify particular barriers and drivers of bioeconomy policy coherence, interviews were conducted with a range of stakeholder organisations active in the bioeconomy in Ireland. Analysis revealed a number of key issues constraining cross-sectoral coherence, including: a lack of integration across government, persistence of siloing and bioeconomy policy leadership gaps; a lag between regulation and bioeconomy innovation; policymaker staffing and data resource issues; and a need for improved bioeconomy awarenessraising, education and communications. Three cross-cutting policy intervention points were recommended to address these constraints: increasing policymaker bioeconomy staffing resources, developing an overarching long-term bioeconomy strategy and clarifying bioeconomy governance structures. As several of the issues in the Irish context are also presenting challenges elsewhere, the analysis and recommendations may have a wider relevance for supporting bioeconomy policy coherence.

Advancing the community plan to end the HIV Epidemic in Philadelphia: a qualitative descriptive evaluation of low-threshold PrEP services in sexual health clinics

BackgroundPre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is an effective HIV prevention method and a key component of Philadelphia’s Community Plan to End the HIV Epidemic (EHE). However, significant barriers to accessing PrEP exist among people at risk for HIV. Low-threshold models for PrEP services that minimize barriers to entry and service engagement could help bolster access to PrEP through community-based clinics. This study aimed to describe the initial implementation of low-threshold PrEP services in three sexual health clinics funded by the Philadelphia Department of Public Health and explore strategies for delivering low-threshold PrEP services.MethodsWe conducted three focus groups with staff (i.e., providers, prevention navigators, and administrative staff, N = 21) at each of three participating PDPH-funded sexual health clinics from November 2021 to January 2022. Discussion topics included details about the PrEP delivery process, clinic strengths and assets, resource gaps, and PrEP implementation goals. Follow-up interviews with staff members (N = 8) between March 2022 and May 2022 focused on identifying successful strategies for PrEP delivery and adaptations needed to optimize low-threshold PrEP service delivery. Rapid qualitative methods and the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Science were used to analyze data from focus groups and interviews.ResultsParticipants collaborated to create process maps that visualized the steps involved in delivering PrEP services within their respective settings. These maps highlighted several stages in PrEP service delivery, such as connecting individuals to services, providing prevention navigation, conducting clinical encounters, and ensuring follow-up care. Participants described effective strategies for implementing PrEP, which included integrating and co-locating services on-site, strengthening staffing resources and capacity, and addressing barriers experienced by clients.ConclusionsLessons from the implementation of low-threshold PrEP service delivery in Philadelphia can guide ongoing local adaptations and future scale-up of these models to improve access to PrEP and advance the goals of the EHE initiative.

ChatGPT May Offer an Adequate Substitute for Informed Consent to Patients Prior to Total Knee Arthroplasty-Yet Caution Is Needed.

Prior to undergoing total knee arthroplasty (TKA), surgeons are often confronted with patients with numerous questions regarding the procedure and the recovery process. Due to limited staff resources and mounting individual workload, increased efficiency, e.g., using artificial intelligence (AI), is of increasing interest. We comprehensively evaluated ChatGPT's orthopedic responses using the DISCERN instrument. Three independent orthopedic surgeons rated the responses across various criteria. We found consistently high scores, predominantly exceeding a score of three out of five in almost all categories, indicative of the quality and accuracy of the information provided. Notably, the AI demonstrated proficiency in conveying precise and reliable information on orthopedic topics. However, a notable observation pertains to the generation of non-existing references for certain claims. This study underscores the significance of critically evaluating references provided by ChatGPT and emphasizes the necessity of cross-referencing information from established sources. Overall, the findings contribute valuable insights into the performance of ChatGPT in delivering accurate orthopedic information for patients in clinical use while shedding light on areas warranting further refinement. Future iterations of natural language processing systems may be able to replace, in part or in entirety, the preoperative interactions, thereby optimizing the efficiency, accessibility, and standardization of patient communication.

Is this to be another project that fizzles out? Using the i-PARIHS framework to evaluate implementation of a mentoring programme.

The aim of this study was to evaluate implementation of a multifaceted mentoring programme for bedside nurses using the i-PARIHS framework, to identify factors that influenced the implementation. A secondary analysis of qualitative data using the i-PARIHS framework as the theoretical lens. A directed content analysis was performed, driven theoretically by the i-PARIHS framework. The analysis focused separately on (a) characteristics of the innovation and (b) successful and hindering factors in the implementation process. The results showed that successful factors influencing implementation of the mentoring programme included supportive and actively involved formal leaders and supervisors at the unit level. A major hindering factor was lack of resources in the form of personnel, time and money. A lack of facilitators, particularly experienced facilitators, throughout the organization hindered implementation. The i-PARIHS framework offered a structured how-to guide to identify factors that influenced the implementation process. Implementation of the mentoring programme was a challenge for the organization. Investment into implementation should continue, with a more structured facilitation process. A structured and prioritized management system, including supportive leadership at the unit level, should be established by the hospital board. There is a need for experienced facilitators throughout the organization. This is crucial to achieve sustainability in the mentoring programme and ensure that the large investments of staff resources and money do not fizzle out. What problem did the study address? Implementing a mentoring programme for nurses in a large university hospital proved to be a challenge. Therefore, it seemed valuable to retrospectively study the implementation process using a framework like the i-PARIHS. What were the main findings? A lack of facilitators, particularly experienced facilitators, throughout the organization hindered the implementation. The i-PARIHS framework offered a structured how-to guide to identify factors that influenced the implementation process. Where and on whom will the research have an impact? Our findings are important for leaders on all levels in a hospital setting, including the hospital board, heads of departments and nurse managers. Consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research (COREQ): a 32-item checklist for interviews and focus groups is used. No patient or public contribution.

Development of Human Resources Apparatus at the Personnel and Human Resources Development Agency (BKPSDM) of East Bolaang Mongondow Regency

This research aims to find out what efforts have been made in the Development of Human Resources of the Apparatus as well as obstacles that become obstacles in the implementation of Human Resources Development of the Apparatus at the Personnel and Human Resources Development Agency.This research uses descriptive qualitative methods, aimed at describing and describing existing phenomena, both natural and human engineering, which pay more attention to the characteristics, quality and interrelationships between activities. Collection techniques were carried out through observation, interviews and document review. Then the data is analyzed using data analysis steps carried out by reducing research data, displaying data, drawing conclusions and triangulating research data.The focus of this research is the implementation of apparatus human resource development, namely the implementation of technical education and training and the implementation of structural managerial education and training at the Staffing Agency and Human Resources Development of East Bolaang Mongondow Regency. Based on the results of the research conducted, it is concluded that the implementation of human resource development of the apparatus, namely the implementation of technical education and training and managerial structural education and training at the Staffing and Human Resources Development Agency (BKPSDM) of East Bolaang Mongondow Regency is not optimal with several obstacles.

Društveno-korisno učenje kao inovativan alat u poučavanju rješavanja okolišnih problema – što smo naučili u 10 godina?

Service-learning represents an innovative pedagogy that integrates academic learning with community service to address environmental issues based on experiential learning principles. This innovative pedagogy enhances higher education learning outcomes by fostering active engagement, real-world context, interdisciplinary insight, skills development, and civic engagement among students. The merging of service-learning contributes to a profound understanding of the subject matter, its practical applications, and personal and professional growth. This paper provides an overview of the implementation of service-learning in the STEM field, with a primary focus on the decade-long involvement of the Faculty of Chemistry and Technology in environmental protection projects. Through collaboration with the non-governmental organisation Sunce and partners from the University of Split, this initiative, led by environmental experts, has introduced a novel approach to higher education, facilitating knowledge expansion, skill improvement, and expertise development for both students and academic staff. The impact has been substantial, with the University of Split attaining the 21st position globally on the “World Universities with Real Impact” list for ethics in 2021, largely attributable to these service-learning projects. Service-learning has been integrated into the SEA-EU initiative, furthering its development at the University of Split, and establishing it as a pioneer in this field. Institutionalising service-learning in higher education requires the establishment of dedicated courses, integration into existing programmes, and the allocation of resources for academic staff, community partners, and students. Successful implementation requires a collaborative, iterative process involving careful planning, preparation, and assessment, ensuring that students benefit from meaningful opportunities to apply course content to real-world challenges while positively impacting the community.

Exploring Staff and Student Perceptions of Learning Resources in Physical Sciences

The COVID-19 pandemic necessitated a significant diversification of learning resources and teaching methods and in its aftermath different approaches have been taken across science education in HE. Within this work we explored staff and student preference for learning resources, using anonymous online questionnaires. It was found that a hybrid approach to resources was preferred, with in-person lectures rating higher than their online counterparts. Engagement emerged as the overarching theme, with differences between staff and student perceptions of student engagement identified; in particular, students consistently rated their own engagement with resources higher than what staff perceived.

Supporting organizations to improve migrants’ access to health services in New York City

PurposeTo survey community-based migrant-serving organizations (MSOs) in New York City (NYC) regarding their early experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic and perspectives on academic collaborations. MethodsWe developed and emailed a survey via Qualtrics (12/2020-1/2021) to 122 MSOs in NYC collecting data about the organizations; challenges posed by COVID-19; and interest in potential intersectoral collaboration. Descriptive analysis focused on the pandemic's impact on service provision, type of MSO, and organizational capacity. ResultsThirty-eight MSOs participated (RR=31%). COVID-19-related challenges included limited staff capacity, organizational funding, and technological and resource limitations of communities served. Organizational capacity correlated with types of services offered: smaller organizations offered health and social services, while larger organizations focused on education and employment. MSOs indicated interest in collaboration on migrant policy advocacy and communications, access to interns, and resources regarding best practices and policies. ConclusionsMSOs in NYC have struggled with funding, staffing, and service provision. They specified fruitful areas for collaboration with academic research institutions. ImplicationsDevelopment of an academic-based migrant health resource hub will serve an identified need among MSOs in NYC.

The Capacitated Maximal Covering Location Problem Improves Access to Stroke Treatment: A Cross-Sectional Simulation Study.

Disparities in accessing advanced stroke treatment have been recognized as a policy challenge in multiple countries, including Japan, necessitating priority solutions. Nevertheless, more practical healthcare policies must be implemented due to the limited availability of healthcare staff and financial resources in most nations. This study aimed to evaluate the supply and demand balance of mechanical thrombectomy (MT) and identify areas with high priority for enhancing stroke centers. The target area of this study was Hokkaido, Japan. We adopted the capacitated maximal covering location problem (CMCLP) to propose an optimal allocation without increasing the number of medical facilities. Four realistic scenarios with varying levels of total MT supply capacity for Primary stroke centers and assuming a range of 90 minutes by car from the center were created and simulated. From scenarios 1 to 4, the coverage increased by approximately 53% to 85%, scenarios 2 and 3 had 5% oversupply, and scenario 4 had an oversupply of approximately 20%. When the supply capacity cap was eliminated and 8 PSCs received 31 or more patients, they became priority enhancement targets. The CMCLP estimates demand coverage considering the supply and demand balance and indicates areas and facilities where MT supply capacity enhancement is a priority.

Challenges experienced by nurses in implementing Adolescent and Youth Friendly Services in clinics of the Limpopo province.

Effective implementation of Adolescent and Youth Friendly Services (AYFS) that are accessible, acceptable and effective for diverse youth population groups is significant to enhancing youth health. Because of various factors, improving youth health is a challenge in clinics in rural areas. This study aims to explore and understand the challenges nurses experience while implementing AYFS programmes in Kganya local area clinics of the Capricorn district, Limpopo province, South Africa. The study was conducted in the clinics of Kganya local area of Capricorn district, Limpopo province, South Africa. A qualitative, phenomenological, exploratory, descriptive design is employed in this study. Twelve nurses were selected using purposive sampling. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with an interview guide. Notably, data were analysed using Tesch's open coding method. Two themes emerge from this study: 'Challenges experienced related to the implementation of Adolescent and Youth Friendly Services' and 'Suggestions to improve Adolescent and Youth Friendly Services'. The results of this study confirm that nurses experience diverse challenges while implementing AYFS. Challenges include a lack of trained staff and material resources and the negative attitudes of adolescents, parents and community members. This study's findings might help identify the gaps in implementing the AYFS programmes. The findings may assist policymakers and the National Department of Health (NDoH) to monitor and review the effectiveness of the AYFS programme standards.