For today’s transformation towards a circular and resource-efficient economy, an understanding is needed of how changes in socio-technical systems affect resource efficiency (RE). This paper suggests an approach to analyse the RE of socio-technical systems and the related Product-Service Systems (PSSs). A conceptual framework consisting of elements of business models, governmental policies and product and service design is developed. Laundry practices in Sweden serve as the context for a case study. The results indicate that asset sharing is most resource-efficient to facilitate domestic laundry practices, followed by PSSs and individual ownership coming last. This type of analysis helps to understand the role of PSS for RE. Future research focuses on dynamic modelling of socio-technical systems and their impact on RE.