Resource Development Research Articles

Application of Non-Parametric and Forecasting Models for the Sustainable Development of Energy Resources in Brazil

To achieve Sustainable Development Goal 7 (SDG7) and improve energy management efficiency, it is essential to develop models and methods to forecast and enhance the process accurately. These tools are crucial in shaping the national policymakers’ strategies and planning decisions. This study utilizes data envelopment analysis (DEA) and bootstrap computational methods to evaluate Brazil’s energy efficiency from 2004 to 2023. Additionally, it compares seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average (SARIMA) models and autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) forecasting models to predict the variables’ trends for 2030. One significant contribution of this study is the development of a methodology to assess Brazil’s energy efficiency, considering environmental and economic factors to formulate results. These results can help create policies to make SDG7 a reality and advance Brazil’s energy strategies. According to the study results, the annual energy consumption rate is projected to increase by an average of 2.1% by 2030, which is accompanied by a trend of GDP growth. By utilizing existing technologies in the country, it is possible to reduce electricity consumption costs by an average of 30.58% while still maintaining the same GDP value. This demonstrates that sustainable development and adopting alternatives to minimize the increase in energy consumption can substantially impact Brazil’s energy sector, improving process efficiency and the profitability of the Brazilian industry.

Bridging The Gap Between Maritime Education and Industry Needs: Enhancing Human Resource Development

This research explores the critical need for maritime vocational education to align more closely with the evolving demands of the maritime industry, particularly in the areas of technological integration, environmental compliance, and industry collaboration. By analyzing the qualitative perspectives of maritime professionals, educators, graduates, and senior government officers, the study identifies key gaps in the current educational framework. The findings highlight the moderate effectiveness of existing programs, with strengths in regulatory knowledge and industry-academia partnerships, but weaknesses in preparing students for advanced technological systems and practical environmental challenges. The study emphasizes the need for curriculum modernization, increased hands-on training, and deeper, long-term industry partnerships to equip future maritime professionals with the skills necessary to navigate a rapidly changing sector. Ultimately, this research provides actionable insights for improving the responsiveness and agility of maritime vocational schools, ensuring that graduates are better prepared for the technological, regulatory, and environmental challenges facing the maritime industry.

Design and evaluation of a visual genomic explainer: a mixed-methods study

ObjectiveTo design and assess a visual genomic explainer focusing on plain language and engaging imagery. The explainer aimed to support doctors’ comprehension of complex genomic concepts and results and act...

Applying a Theory of Change for Human Resources Development in Public Health Supply Chains in Rwanda.

The health supply chain (SC) system in Rwanda experienced a number of workforce-related challenges, including insufficient skilled supply chain management (SCM) professionals with the necessary competencies. The Human Resources for Supply Chain Management (HR4SCM) Theory of Change (TOC) provides a methodology to assess human resources (HR) management systems by explaining the preconditions required to achieve optimized workforce performance. We applied this model to design interventions to strengthen the Rwanda health SC workforce. We compared conditions in the health SC HR system in Rwanda with the 60 outcomes described as necessary for optimized workforce performance in the HR4SCM TOC model. We used a survey and participatory workshop at the central level, followed by structured interviews (N=35) with SC professionals in health centers, hospitals, and regional warehouses (N=20) in Southern Province and Kigali City to identify which outcomes already existed in the Rwandan HR system and which outcomes required strengthening through targeted interventions. We used focus groups (N=2) to refine interventions. We identified that 31 of the 60 outcomes were not sufficiently in place in the Rwandan health SC HR system. SCM workers had gaps in the technical and managerial competencies and did not have access to adequate training and professional development opportunities for certain required competencies. An SCM career path did not exist, and education was not available for all required SCM qualifications. Fourteen of these outcomes were prioritized for strengthening. We designed 20 workforce interventions with the Ministry of Health to address these deficiencies and selected indicators to monitor the interventions. Applying this HR TOC model enabled a systematic process to identify gaps, develop and prioritize interventions, and select indicators. Practitioners designing and evaluating SC workforce interventions should consider applying this methodology to design more effective, theory-driven interventions to improve SC workforce performance.

Practices and Barriers in Implementing the Low FODMAP Diet for Irritable Bowel Syndrome Among Malaysian Dietitians: A Qualitative Study.

The low fermentable oligo-, di-, mono-saccharides and polyols (FODMAP) diet (LFD) is a second-line dietary intervention for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) patients, involving FODMAP restriction, reintroduction, and personalization, and it needs to be delivered by dietitians. However, the application of this diet among Malaysian IBS patients is not well understood. This study aimed to explore the practices and barriers in delivering the LFD among Malaysia dietitians. Semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted online with practicing dietitians until the data reached saturation. All the interview sessions were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the data. Eleven dietitians were interviewed, with 36.4% (n = 4) having more than 10 years of experience. The following four themes regarding their practices emerged: 1. dietary advice on FODMAP restriction; 2. duration of FODMAP restriction phase; 3. references used to get information about FODMAPs, and 4. strategies on reintroduction. Meanwhile, the following seven barriers were identified: 1. lack of culturally relevant educational materials; 2. limited knowledge about the LFD; 3. inadequate formal training among dietitians; 4. lack of integration in multi-disciplinary care; 5. low health literacy of patients; 6. low compliance rate among patients, and 7. restrictions for certain populations. LFD implementation in Malaysia is not standardized as only experienced dietitians can provide dietary evidence-based advice. Lack of training and culturally specific resources are some of the main barriers that were identified to be limiting the implementation of the diet. Therefore, there is a need for training programs and resource development to support Malaysian dietitians in managing IBS patients.

An Introduction to the Development and Protection of Tourism Resources in China

Introduction: Tourism resources provide great potential for tourism development, but at the same time, they also face problems such as over-exploitation and environmental damage, so it is crucial to achieve a balance between development and conservation. This study explores the development and protection of tourism resources in China. Background: Since the reform and opening up of China more than 30 years ago, China's tourism industry has rapidly developed into one of the important pillar industries of the national economy. At the same time, the destruction of tourism resources has also become more and more prominent, therefore, we must correctly deal with the relationship between the development and protection of tourism resources, to ensure the economic benefits while achieving the sustainable development of tourism resources. Novelty: Many studies in China currently focus on either tourism development or conservation, but this study endeavours to consider the relationship between the two in an integrated manner, providing a comprehensive approach to effectively develop and conserve China's rich tourism resources, while at the same time obtaining economic benefits. Research Methods: This study adopts the methods of literature review and qualitative analysis to review the research results on the development and protection of China's tourism resources by collecting relevant literature and summarising and analysing the ideas in the literature to conclude the development and protection of China's tourism resources. Finally, corresponding management suggestions and policy measures are proposed based on the conclusions. Results:To promote the sustainable use and protection of tourism resources, and to ensure the long-term stability and sustainability of the resources Conclusions: To solve this problem, this study puts forward the following suggestions: (1) to formulate strict laws and regulations; (2) to raise the overall awareness of environmental protection; (3) to promote the corresponding scientific research and technological support; (4) to strengthen tourism planning and management. (5) Establishment of funds for the protection of tourism resources; (6) Strengthening of cooperation and exchanges.

An Analysis of the Global EV Market: Sustainable Pathways to Net Zero Emissions

The rising urgency to address climate change has positioned electric vehicles (EVs) as a critical solution for achieving the United Nations' net-zero carbon emission targets. As human activities increase greenhouse gas emissions, the average global temperature continues to rise, leading to severe natural disasters in many regions. This situation underscores the urgent need to limit pollutant emissions and pursue sustainable resource management. This study analyzes the global EV market's trajectory towards sustainability, focusing on the interplay of policy frameworks and consumer engagement strategies in major EV markets, including the USA, the European Union, and China. The transition to EVs must be considered in conjunction with policy frameworks and the broader social environment. Using mixed methods and statistical models, we assess how different policies influence EV adoption and their alignment with sustainability goals. As the concept of sustainable development becomes more ingrained in society, it is promising that, through sustained policy implementation and resource development, the shift from ICE vehicles to EVs will make a crucial contribution to reducing carbon emissions. The findings provide actionable insights for optimizing policies and refining marketing strategies, offering a comprehensive blueprint for guiding the global EV market towards a sustainable future.

Ecological Environment Assessment System in River–Riparian Areas Based on a Protocol for Hydromorphological Quality Evaluation

This paper aims to propose a method for the evaluation of the hydromorphological quality of a river and its riparian areas using three essential components: morphological characterization, river connectivity, and vegetation coverage. The method has been applied to the Tordera river in Catalonia, Spain. The general goal is to establish a riparian environment assessment tool by proposing parameters for each of the three mentioned aspects. This approach relies on data collection and evaluation with a simple computational procedure for eliminating subjectivity in the weighting and classification of evaluation levels. In the proposed methodology, the weights of the indicators are determined by the Distance Correlation-Based CRITIC (D-CRITIC) method, and the results are integrated using the Coupling Coordination Degree Model (CCDM). The proposed methodology quantifies assessment parameters and analyzes the environmental problems faced by riparian zones and rivers through the parameters and the results of the CCDM and thus can be used as a basis for proposing methods to improve the ecological situation. The results can be used for the enhancement of the coordination between the development of riparian resources and the requirements of ecosystem protection and utilization, and they can be used to promote the healthy development of ecological environments and the effective use of riparian resources.

Photovoltaic Performance of Naphthol Blue Black Complexes and their Band Gap Energy

Along with the depletion of petroleum-based fuels, the development of renewable energy resources is a must. One of them is through DSSC (Dye Sensitized Solar Cells) technology, which has a dye sensitizer and semiconductor as the main components. The aim of this research is to investigating the photovoltaic performance of complexes series from metals (Mn(II); Fe(II); Co(II) and Ni(II)) and naphthol blue-black (NB) as a ligand. This investigation also successfully revealed factors that are highly influencing photovoltaic efficiency, namely the band-gap energy and the conductance of metal-NB complexes. The Fe(II)-NB complex has performed the highest photovoltaic activity as a result of the d-d electron transition and MLCT (Metal to Ligand Change Transfer) character which are covered by vivid color from the ligand. The bonding between metal and ligand was shown at a wavenumber of 316.33 cm-1 for M-N bonding and 486.06 cm-1 for M-O bonding. Fe(II)-NB complex had the narrowest band gap energy which is 5.86 eV and had the highest value of conductance and the highest efficiency, namely 0.0925%. This experiment successfully demonstrates that the narrower the energy gap of a molecule, the ability to transfer electrons is faster. Thus, the efficiency of the solar cell becomes higher. This investigation has proven that the narrow band gap makes the electron transfer becomes easier.

Voice‐over anatomy lectures created by AI‐voice cloning technology: A descriptive article

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic revealed the pivotal role of digital learning and online lecture videos, leading a shift toward blended and flipped classrooms in the post‐pandemic era. This shift calls for development and (or) refreshment of novel online educational resources, such as Voice‐Over PowerPoint (VOPPT) presentations, specifically designed for asynchronous or synchronous learning methods. However, resource limitations often impede the timely delivery of high‐quality instructional materials. In this descriptive article, the use of AI‐voice cloning technology to automate the creation of VOPPT presentation has been explored. Descripts' Overdub tool, an AI‐voice cloning program, was trained on the 15‐min voice sample of an anatomy professor, and the synthesized voice was used to narrate presentations on inguinal canal and extrahepatic biliary anatomy. The educational use of this novel approach was evaluated based on the second‐year undergraduate medical students' qualitative feedback. Voice similarity analysis using Resemblyzer, an open‐source Python tool, showed a high similarity score of 0.92 between the cloned and original voices. Despite this, students raised concerns about the robotic voice, quick pace, punctuation problems, pronunciation difficulties, and expressed reservations about AI‐generated lecture narration. While the cloned voice closely matched the original, the AI‐generated narration fell short of capturing the nuanced details needed for an effective anatomy instruction. This uncovers AI's current limitations in the educational contexts but establishes a foundation for future progress in AI‐voice cloning technologies aimed at enhancing online educational resources for anatomy and medical education.

Differences in microbial communities among different types of zaopei and their effects on quality and flavor of baijiu

Three types of zaopei (fermented grain) of xiaoqu light-flavor baijiu (XQZP), daqu light-flavor baijiu (DQZP), and strong-flavor baijiu (SFZP) at the end of fermentation and their dominant lactic acid bacteria were systematically compared and analyzed in this study. The results showed that these three types of zaopei differed significantly in acidity, reducing sugar content, and ethanol content, and that the main factors influencing their microbial community were acidity and lactic acid. The diversity and contents of flavor substances were significantly higher in SFZP than in DQZP and XQZP. Additionally, there was a strong correlation between dominant lactic acid bacteria and flavor substances in all three zaopei, but the correlation between fungi and flavor substances was higher than that between bacteria and flavor substances. Differential gene analysis revealed that the microbial activities followed the order of SFZP > DQZP > XQZP. The KEGG enrichment analysis indicated that the differential genes from different zaopei were enriched in different metabolic pathways. Furthermore, various microorganisms in 3 types of zaopei contained different functional genes, of which fungi mainly contained genes responsible for the synthesis of ethanol and acetic acid, while lactic acid bacteria mainly contained genes responsible for the synthesis of lactic acid. In XQZP, L. helveticus was dominant lactic acid bacteria prominent in acetic acid tolerance and lactic acid production; in DQZP, L. acetotolerans was remarkable in its tolerance to lactic acid, acetic acid, ethanol and lactic acid production; and in SFZP, A. jinshanensis was superior in acetic acid tolerance and production. Taken together, this study reveals the mechanism underlying flavor differences among three types of baijiu and provides valuable references for the development and utilization of baijiu microbial resources.

Development of Morality and Ethics in Educational Institutions under the Office of the Vocational Education Commission Pathum Thani Province

Background and Aims: Developing a nation to compete with advanced countries requires prioritizing human resource development, with education serving as the foundation of this progress. Quality education establishes a sustainable knowledge base, essential for achieving economic, social, and political growth. This study aims to: (1) evaluate the level of moral and ethical development among staff in vocational institutions governed by the Vocational Education Commission in Pathum Thani Province; (2) compare staff perspectives on moral and ethical growth based on variables such as gender, position, and age; and (3) identify effective strategies to enhance moral and ethical standards within these educational institutions in Pathum Thani Province. Methodology: The sample group for this research included 348 personnel from institutions under the Office of the Vocational Education Commission in Pathum Thani Province during the 2023 academic year, selected via stratified random sampling. Research tools comprised a questionnaire using a 5-point rating scale, which had an Item-Objective Congruence (IOC) value ranging from 0.80 to 1.00, a reliability coefficient of 0.83, and a structured interview. Data analysis utilized statistical methods such as frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation, along with t-tests, F-tests, and pairwise comparisons using Scheffe’s method. Results: The research results indicated that: (1) The overall level of morality and ethics development in educational institutions under the Office of the Vocational Education Commission in Pathum Thani Province was rated high across all dimensions, with consistently high ratings for each specific aspect. (2) Comparative analysis revealed significant differences in morality and ethics development based on gender and position at the 0.05 significance level, but no significant differences were found based on age. (3) Guidelines for enhancing morality and ethics emphasized systematic professional oversight, recognition of outstanding personnel, and structured curricula for moral and ethical growth. The Office of the Vocational Education Commission highlighted merit-based assessments grounded in moral principles, clear standards, and well-defined workloads. Additionally, educational administrators demonstrated effective leadership by modeling rational behavior, prioritizing reason over emotion.

Positive Deviance in Nutritional Practices for Two-Year-Olds in Poor Fisherman Families in the Belawan Health Center Area, 2022

The problem of malnutrition is still the main problem faced in human resource development. The problem of growth and development of Baduta is a serious problem because at this age the process of physical and intellectual growth and development is critical. Malnutrition problems mostly occur in poor families but are not caused by poor families who have well-nourished children. The Belawan Community Health Center working area is one of the community health centers with the highest number of cases of malnutrition in Medan City. To overcome this, a program is needed that is believed to be effective and sustainable. One of the existing programs to overcome the problem of malnutrition and malnutrition is positive deviation. This research aims to identify positive behavior in feeding (type of food, processing of food ingredients, mealtimes and method of feeding) of toddlers who are well-nourished in poor fishing families in the Belawan Community Health Center Working Area in 2022. This research method is qualitative research with a narrative approach. Researchers studied individual lives by asking one or several individuals to tell stories about their lives related to positive behavior in feeding well-nourished animals. This information is then retold by the researcher in a narrative chronology. The findings of this research indicate that addressing nutritional challenges in children can be effectively achieved by leveraging the potential and resources within the community. This is done through the identification of positive deviant behaviors, particularly those related to beneficial feeding practices. These practices encompass aspects such as the types of food provided, the methods of food preparation, the timing of meals, and the approach to food administration. Keep up the great work! The way you’re thinking about integrating community strengths is spot-on for creating sustainable solutions.

Adaptation of Different Bamboo Species in Central Zone of Tigray, Northern Ethiopia

Bamboo is the plant species under the family Poaceae, subfamily Bambusoideae. Bamboo is one of the species with greatest diversity in the world comprising about 1,642 species under 121 genera. However, only two species of bamboo are native to Ethiopia. Therefore, this study is designed to evaluate the performance of 9 introduced bamboo species namely: Dendrocalamus asper, Dendrocalamus fuminensis, Dendrocalamus diananensis, Dendrocalamus membranaceus (CV.grandis), Dendrocalamus barbatus, Dendrocalamus laosensis, Bambusa long internode, Bambusa polymorpha, and Bambusa lapidea in Tahtay-maichew district, central Tigray. The design of the experiment is Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. The total size of the experimental field is 1,680 m2 and the spacing between each blocks and plots is 3 m and 2 m, respectively. There are 10 plots having an area of 30 m2 for each replication. A total of 180 bamboo seedlings were planted in the experiment. The collected data was analyzed using One-way ANOVA. The overall statistical difference in the survival capability of the species was not significant (P = 0.47) and 100% survival capability was observed by all species. The root collar diameter of the different bamboo species shows significant variation (P = 0.003). The highest root collar diameter (1.12±0.06 cm) was observed in the species D. membrenaceus. The highest diameter at stump height (0.87±0.03 cm) was observed by the species B. long internode, followed by D. membrenaceus (0.73±0.04 cm). The highest culm height was observed in the species Bambusa long internode (128±5.9 cm), followed by D. membrenaceus (102±6.8 cm), and the least culm height (49.7±8.8 cm) was observed in O .abyssinica, followed by B. lapidea (77.9±7.4 cm). In general, all nine species showed a very good adaptability to the site and should be included as part of the natural resource development and utilization process.

Assessing the stability of terrestrial water storage to drought based on CMIP6 forcing scenarios

Assessing the stability of terrestrial water storage (TWS) under drought conditions is critical for the sustainable development of water resources. In this study, we integrated surface temperature (ST), leaf area index (LAI), and precipitation (P) data from five different scenarios (History, SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, SSP3-7.0, and SSP5-8.5) of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) to develop a standardized temperature vegetation precipitation index (STVPI). The index was then utilized to monitor global drought conditions and investigate the stability of TWS to drought disaster. The results showed that STVPI can not only monitor meteorological drought, but also has a remarkable sensitivity and applicability to drought caused by sparse vegetation. Notably, 21.16% of the global land area will have a drought trend under the SSP1-2.6 scenario, while it will rise to 35.81% under the SSP5-8.5 scenario, which underscored the potential for an expansion of drought-affected regions worldwide as a result of ongoing global warming and escalating emissions. In addition, the results also found that the warm temperate and tropical regions at lower elevations have an advantage in maintaining the stability of TWS. Unfortunately, the stability of TWS to drought will decline in the western Sahara Desert, central China and northern United States in the future, where will face a serious water crisis. The research framework provides an important reference for deeply evaluating and scientifically allocating water resources under climate change.

Hospitality development strategy: regional context

Having a strategy for the development of the hospitality sector for any region will not only contribute to the establishment of a structured dialogue between the authorities and business in the service sector, but will also ensure the effective use of resource potential, the creation of new jobs, an increase in revenues for budgets of all levels, stable development and realization of export potential region European integration processes and economic problems caused by Russiaʼs aggression actualize this issue, parti­cularly in the context of determining its impact on the social and economic development of the region and the country in general. Within the framework of the research, the hypothesis was put forward that the development of the hotel-restaurant and tourism business in the region depends on the priorities of strategic develop­ment and the formation of the regional strategy for the development of the hospitality sector. The research was carried out on the basis of the stu­dy of foreign experience, diagnostics of the activities of hospitality enterprises of the Cher­nivtsi region, surveys of entrepreneurs in the field of hospitality, the use of comparison and modeling methods. According to the results of the survey, additional criteria to the basic guidelines defined by the Law of Ukraine "On the Basics of State Regional Policy" were revealed, which must be taken into account when forming the regional strategy for the develop­ment of the hospitality sector for a specific region. A structural model of the formation of the regional strategy for the development in Cher­nivtsi region has been developed. Based on the research of relevant European experience, it was established that the formation of regional strategy for the development should be aimed at creating conditions for the full realization of the regionʼs tourism potential, building infrastruc­ture in accordance with international standards and creating new competitive advantages. The results of the research confirm the relevance of the formation of the hospitality development strategy, especially in those regions where there is adequate resource provision and development prospects. In practice, the results of the research can be used by local authorities, public organi­zations and businesses. Due to the fact that the regional strategy for the development of the hospitality sector has a three-part character, combining state, regional and interregional (cross-border) policies, the issue of determining its impact on the social and economic develop­ment of the region and the country in general requires further research

Preparing a Globally Competent Workforce: A Mixed Methods Study of an Innovative Co-Curricular University Program

Problem Human resource development (HRD) scholars and practitioners have long sought ways to develop employees to meet the needs of globalized workplaces. However, given that many employers expect employees to possess global skills before they begin working, it is incumbent upon HRD educators in higher education contexts to develop and implement innovative programs to enrich global competence, which includes the knowledge, skills, experience, and mindset required for global work. Solution This mixed methods study describes and explores the efficacy of an innovative co-curricular program, the Global Competence Enrichment Program, designed to enhance the global competence of American and international graduate students enrolled at a higher education institution in the United States through a mutual intercultural learning process. Stakeholders Stakeholders include HRD scholars and practitioners as well as organizational leaders interested in designing and implementing HRD programs around global competence enrichment.

Meat productivity and meat quality of broiler chickens when input plant-based additive in compound feed

At present, the increase in poultry meat production is associated with the development of resource- saving technologies that ensure maximum productivity. However, the search for new methods to reduce the rearing period, increase live weight and reduce feed costs per 1 kg of gain continues. It should be noted that at the current stage of development, poultry farming has a high productivity potential, which is currently not fully utilized in some cases. The main reason is the inclusion of ingredients containing anti-nutritional substances in the compound feed. In compound feed for broiler chickens, the need to use biologically active additives has been proven. The inclusion of such additives in the composition of compound feed helps to increase the productive action, improve digestibility and effi ciency of using nutrients in diets. The purpose of the research was to study the meat productivity and meat quality of broiler chickens when input additive of plant-based additive in compound feed. On the base of research data, the eff ectiveness of including the plant-based feed additive Biostrong 510 in the compound feed for rearing of broiler chickens of the cross Cobb 500 in the amount of 0.010 %, 0.015 and 0.020 % of the compound feed weight was established. It made possible to increase the average daily live weight gain by 4.3–8.5 %, increase the gutted carcass weight by 4.3–4.6 %, reduce feed costs per 1 kg of broiler chicken gain by 0.07–0.13 kg, and increase the profi tability level by 0.78–1.44 abs.%. The safety of the tested additive was proven by a number of indicators. The obtained results of animal science, physiological and biochemical studies made it possible to identify the optimal dose of the plant feed additive Biostrong 510 for broiler chickens of the cross Cobb 500 in feeding technology 0.015 % of the mass of the compound feed.

Research on Teaching Reform and Practice Strategies for Vocational College E-commerce Major in the Era of "Internet+"

With the advent of the "Internet+" era, the rapid development of digital technology presents new challenges and opportunities for vocational education, particularly in the field of e-commerce. This study analyzes the current teaching situation of the e-commerce major and identifies issues such as curriculum design, teaching methods, teacher quality, and resource allocation that do not meet the requirements of the new era. Based on these findings, it proposes reform strategies, including the introduction of diversified teaching models, the development of information-based teaching resources, and the training and enhancement of the faculty team. Additionally, this research explores how to build and apply practical teaching platforms, deepen school-enterprise cooperation, innovate training models, and promote students' autonomous learning and skill improvement in practice. The study indicates that these strategies can effectively enhance teaching quality, improve students' practical skills and employability, and provide new ideas and practical guidance for the future development of vocational college e-commerce majors.

Towards Sustainable Development of Mineral Resources in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Structural Equation Modeling Approach

This study focuses on economic, governmental, social, and environmental factors and their impact on the sustainable development of mineral resources in sub-Saharan Africa. Using structural equation modeling (SEM) and data from 40 countries from 2010 to 2022, the research examines the hypothesized links between these factors and sustainable development. The results reveal a positive and statistically significant relationship between economic factors and sustainable development, underlining the crucial role of economic growth in achieving sustainable development goals. Furthermore, effective governance and policy implementation are strongly associated with better sustainable development, underscoring the importance of robust government action. This study also highlights the importance of social factors, demonstrating that increased community involvement and participation contribute positively to sustainable development. Contrary to the initial hypothesis, the research reveals a positive relationship between environmental factors and sustainable development, challenging existing ideas and suggesting the need for a more nuanced understanding of the interaction between environmental practices and sustainability. This study concludes with concrete recommendations, including prioritizing economic growth, improving governance and policy effectiveness, promoting social inclusion, and reassessing environmental conservation strategies. These findings provide valuable information for policymakers, corporations, and communities in sub-Saharan Africa, thus contributing to a more comprehensive understanding of the dynamics of sustainable development in the region.