Resonator Antenna Research Articles

Compact complementary slot resonator antenna with L-Probe feed excitation for wireless communication

ABSTRACT This study presents a concise design of a complementary slot resonator antenna employing the L-probe feed excitation. The antenna features a compact size of 0.086λ0 × 0.086λ0 × 0.006λ0, unlike the wire-loaded miniaturised slot antenna, which has a greater height. The extensive electrical path length of the complementary slot resonator results in the proposed antenna resonating at 434 MHz, a frequency substantially lower than the wavelength (λ0). The work explores essential parameters, such as return loss, radiation patterns and efficiency, highlighting a consistent correlation between simulation and measurement results through a parametric study. In simulation, the antenna exhibits an efficiency of 92.19%, while in practical measurements, it maintains a high efficiency of 89.73%. In addition, the study incorporates simulated input impedance and surface current distribution data to enhance the comprehensive analysis of the antenna design. The antenna is fabricated using copper metal due to its excellent electrical conductivity properties and the achieved resonant frequency has applications in various wireless communication scenarios.

Coupling of single nanodiamonds hosting SiV color centers to plasmonic double bowtie microantennas.

Color centers are promising single-photon emitters owing to their operation at room temperature and high photostability. In particular, using nanodiamonds as a host material is of interest for sensing and metrology. Furthermore, being a solid-state system allows for incorporation to photonic systems to tune both the emission intensity and photoluminescence spectrum and therefore adapt the individual color center to desired properties. We show successful coupling of a single nanodiamond hosting silicon-vacancy color centers to a plasmonic double bowtie antenna structure. To predict the spectrum of the coupled system, the photoluminescence spectrum of the SiV centers was measured before the coupling process and convoluted with the antenna resonance spectrum. After transferring the nanodiamond to the antenna the combined spectrum was measured again. The measurement agrees well with the calculated prediction of the coupled system and therefore confirms successful coupling.

A Compact, Conformal Dielectric Resonator Antenna with Integrated Feed for Low-profile Applications

A Compact, Conformal Dielectric Resonator Antenna with Integrated Feed for Low-profile Applications

Precision manufacturing of glass dielectric resonator antennas for sub‐THz applications using laser induced deep etching technology

Precision manufacturing of glass dielectric resonator antennas for sub‐THz applications using laser induced deep etching technology

A Wideband Differential Dual Circularly Polarized Laminated Resonator Antenna

A Wideband Differential Dual Circularly Polarized Laminated Resonator Antenna

Enhanced microwave performance in spinel dielectric ceramics using entropy strategy for 5G/6G communication devices

Microwave dielectric ceramics are favored materials for microwave devices because of their stable dielectric properties. However, balancing the interdependent relationships among the dielectric constant (εr), quality factor (Q × f), and temperature coefficient of resonant frequency (τf) to meet the technical specifications of microwave dielectric components (low εr, high Q × f, and near-zero τf) remains a significant challenge. This paper reports a type of high-entropy spinel ceramic Mg3AlGaTi0.5Sn0.5O8. The relationships between configuration entropy, mechanical properties, and microwave dielectric properties (MDPs) of the ceramic were systematically investigated. Adjusting configuration entropy enhances phase stability, attributed to the high disorder in the ceramic caused by Ga3+ ion doping. With an entropy value of 1.56R, the ceramic achieved optimal MDPs, including a low εr of 9.87, a high Q × f of 132,564 GHz, and a near-zero of τf –10.8 ppm/°C. Designing a dielectric resonant antenna with high-entropy ceramic Mg3AlGaTi0.5Sn0.5O8 as the resonator can meet 5G/6G communication requirements. This study demonstrates that a high-entropy strategy can significantly improve the MDPs of spinel ceramics, expanding the materials suitable for microwave device applications.

Dielectric Resonator Antenna Mode Excitation using Substrate Integrated Waveguide Feed with L-Slot

In this study, a substrate integrated waveguide dielectric resonator antenna excited by an L-slot is proposed, and the design is operated within the frequency range of 24.25 to 29.5 GHz bandwidth for 5G-NR applications. Rogers 5880 is used as a substrate with a permittivity of 2.2; in contrast, the dielectric resonator antenna has a permittivity of 10. The antenna demonstrates a simulated impedance bandwidth of 25.2 to 30.5 GHz, and a high gain of 8.7 dBi is observed due to the excitation of the DRA higher-order TE113 mode, whereas the design exhibits over 98% radiation efficiency, attributed to minimal copper losses at resonant frequencies. These results highlight the antenna's suitability for broadband, high-efficiency, high-gain applications in the millimeter-wave 5G-NR frequency bands.

Resonance frequency prediction of dielectric antennas for liquid sensing via support vector regression

This paper presents a slot antenna integrated with a split ring resonator (SRR) and feed line, designed to achieve a high Q-factor while maximizing channel capacity utilization. By incorporating a lens into the dielectric resonator antenna (DRA), we enhance both bandwidth and directivity, with the dielectric material’s permittivity serving as a key control parameter for radiation characteristics. We explore water and ethanol as controllable dielectrics within the terahertz (THz) frequency range (0.5-1 THz), implementing these liquids through microfluidic techniques. This novel design serves two purposes, functioning as both an antenna system and a highly sensitive material sensing device. The antenna’s performance is evaluated using the Debye model for pure water and ethanol, with electromagnetic full-wave simulations employing the Finite Integration Technique (FIT) to model both the antenna and microchannel structures. For predicting resonant frequencies based on antenna dimensions, we implement a Support Vector Regression (SVR) algorithm, comparing its performance against various models including Linear Regression, Regression Trees, Ensemble Bagged Trees, Ensemble Boosted Trees, and Three-layered Neural Network Models. The SVR demonstrates superior prediction accuracy by effectively capturing non-linear relationships between antenna dimensions and resonant frequencies.

Synthesis and Characterization of the Microwave Dielectric Properties of a (1-x) Li<sub>3</sub>MgNbO<sub>5</sub>–(x) Sr<sub>3</sub>V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>8</sub> Composite for Antenna Application

This study investigates the fabrication of a cylindrical dielectric resonator antenna (CDRA) using ceramic microwave dielectric composites as a resonator. The composites (1-x) Li3MgNbO5-(x) Sr3V2O8 (x=0.25-0.40) have been synthesized via the conventional solid-state reaction method, incorporating 1% B2O3 to lower the sintering temperature. The 0.70-0.30 composite exhibited optimal microwave dielectric properties with a dielectric constant (εr) of 19.20, a quality factor (Q x f) of 3738 GHz, and a temperature coefficient (τf)of -43 ppm/°C. These characteristics render the 0.70-0.30 composite suitable for CDRA applications. The experimentally obtained microwave dielectric parameters were used to simulate the CDRA design using the High-Frequency Structure Simulator design software. A single-feed cylindrical antenna has been fabricated using this composite material as a resonator with a radius × height of 5×6 mm2, mounted on an FR4 substrate measuring close to 25×25×1.6 mm3 and Cu strip as a feed line. The simulated and experimentally measured parameters, including S11, voltage standing wave ratio, and radiation pattern, demonstrated excellent agreement, validating the composite's efficacy for antenna design.

Rational optimizations of high K microwave dielectric ceramic Bi2(Li0.5Ta1.5)O7 toward LTCC applications

AbstractMicrowave dielectric ceramics have drawn intensive interests in recent years due to the advanced development in communication area. High‐permittivity dielectric ceramics have thus become the highlight owing to dielectric ceramics with high permittivity could meet the demand of electronic components in both stabilization and miniaturization features. Bi2(Li0.5Ta1.5)O7 shows its great potential among various high‐permittivity dielectric ceramics with a suitable permittivity and a considerable quality factor. Based on previous studies, a series of rational optimizations were conducted on Bi2(Li0.5Ta1.5)O7 to manipulate the temperature coefficient of resonant frequency (TCF) and the sintering temperature for potential Low Temperature Co‐fired Ceramic (LTCC) applications. Two distinguished ceramics were obtained, Bi2(Li0.5Ta1.5)O7–0.03Bi2O3 (sintering temperature of 850°C, εr ∼ 64.1, Qf ∼ 8510 GHz, TCF—25.3 ppm/°C) and Bi2[(Li0.5Ta1.5)0.975Ti0.05]O7–0.015Bi2O3 (sintering temperature of 980°C, εr ∼ 66.2, Qf ∼ 10 950 GHz, TCF—8.5 ppm/°C). Dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) simulation was subsequently conducted and proved the ceramics holding excellent potential for microwave applications.

Three-Dimensionally Printed Dual-Slot-Fed Dielectric Resonator Antenna with Rectangular and Irregular Elements for 5G Applications

Three-Dimensionally Printed Dual-Slot-Fed Dielectric Resonator Antenna with Rectangular and Irregular Elements for 5G Applications

Tailoring Infrared Light-Molecule Coupling for Highly Sensitive Cortisol Detection Employing Aptamer-Conjugated Gold Nanonails.

Chemically synthesized gold nanoantennas possess easy processability, low cost, and suitability for large-area fabrication, making them advantageous for surface-enhanced infrared (SEIRA) biosensing. Nevertheless, current gold nanoantennas face challenges with limited enhancement of biomolecular signals that hinder their practical applications. Here, we demonstrate that the coupling rate between antennas and molecules critically impacts the enhancement of molecular signals based on temporal coupled mode theory. To improve this coupling rate, we synthesized gold nanonails with sharp tips, significantly amplifying the localized electric fields of antenna resonance modes. Modulating the nanonail aspect ratio allows us to tailor antenna resonance frequencies to match molecular vibrational frequencies. Additionally, we introduced specific aptamers on antenna surfaces through solution exchange methods to control the antenna-molecule distances. These combined strategies enabled noninvasive, label-free detection with high sensitivity for the biomarker cortisol. Experiments revealed 3 orders of magnitude enhancement in cortisol detection levels upon increasing coupling efficiency, achieving a detection limit of 0.1 ng/mL, notably lower than the normal cortisol concentration in human saliva (0.398 ng/mL). In addition to demonstrating a novel strategy for cortisol detection, this study provides a viable approach to biomarker detection for future applications in disease diagnosis and human health monitoring.

Dual port UWB MIMO Dielectric Resonator Antenna (DRA) with Airplane Shaped Defective Ground Plane (DGS) with Improved Isolation Level

Dual port UWB MIMO Dielectric Resonator Antenna (DRA) with Airplane Shaped Defective Ground Plane (DGS) with Improved Isolation Level

Indication of p + 11B reaction in Laser Induced Nanofusion experiment

The NanoPlasmonic Laser Induced Fusion Energy (NAPLIFE)1 project proposed fusion by regulating the laser light absorption via resonant nanorod antennas implanted into hydrogen rich urethane acrylate methacrylate (UDMA) and triethylene glycol dimethylacrylate (TEGDMA) copolymer targets. In part of the tests, boron-nitride (BN) was added to the polymer. Our experiments with resonant nanoantennas accelerated protons up to 225 keV energy. Some of these protons then led to p + 11B fusion, indicated by the sharp drop of observed backward proton emission numbers at the 150 keV resonance energy of the reaction. The generation of alpha particles was verified by CR-39 (Columbia Resin #39) nuclear plastic track detectors.

Preparation of temperature-stable 0.8MgTiO3–0.2Mg2SiO4–0.06CaTiO3 microwave dielectric ceramics for unilateral radiating dielectric resonator antenna without ground plane

Unilateral radiating antennas are widely studied due to their ability to provide lateral or unidirectional radiation patterns, which are especially suitable for indoor and office Wi-Fi router applications. In this letter, a unilateral radiating rectangular dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) without a ground plane is proposed. A temperature stable low-loss 0.8MgTiO3–0.2Mg2SiO4–0.06CaTiO3 (MT–MS–CT) composite ceramic prepared via solid-state reaction and sintered at 1380 °C is utilized for the proposed DRA. Notably, the MT–MS–CT composite ceramic shows good dielectric performance with a permittivity of εr∼13, a quality factor of Q×f0∼115,000, Q = 1/dielectric loss, f0 = 8.6 GHz, and a temperature coefficient of resonant frequency TCF∼+4.6ppm/°C. Its unilateral radiation pattern is based on the complementary magnetic dipole and electric dipole, where the excited dominant TE111 mode of the rectangular DRA serves as the magnetic dipole and a probe acts as an electric dipole. The proposed prototype antenna fabricated using the composite ceramic has a unilateral radiation pattern with wide impedance bandwidth, reasonable gain, and radiation efficiency of 95%.

Design of the Low-Profile, Bandwidth-Enhanced, Omnidirectional, and Polarization-Diversity Dielectric Resonator Antenna Employing a New Mode Combination

Design of the Low-Profile, Bandwidth-Enhanced, Omnidirectional, and Polarization-Diversity Dielectric Resonator Antenna Employing a New Mode Combination

Wideband Circularly Polarized Substrate Integrated Dielectric Resonator Antenna Array for 5G Millimeter-Wave Applications

Wideband Circularly Polarized Substrate Integrated Dielectric Resonator Antenna Array for 5G Millimeter-Wave Applications

A broadband substrate integrated waveguide fed dielectric resonator antenna with U-slot for 5G-NR Band

Abstract In the proposed design, a Substrate Integrated Waveguide (SIW) feeding mechanism is utilized in conjunction with a higher-order mode Dielectric Resonator Antenna (DRA), which is excited by a U-slot aperture on the top side of the ground plane. This structure is aimed for 5G millimeter-wave bands, N257, and N258. Both sides of SIW are clad with 0.035mm copper with a permittivity of 2.2, Rogers 5880 is used as substrate. In contrast, DRA has a permittivity of 10. The design achieves a notable impedance bandwidth of 25-31.12 GHz (6.12 GHz or 21.8%) due to the excitation of multiple resonances of DRA modes. It delivers high gain values of 8.5 dBi at 25.8 GHz, 8.9 dBi at 27.5 GHz, and 7.2 dBi at 30 GHz, with radiation efficiency exceeding 98% within the resonance band. The radiation patterns demonstrate good co-polarized performance, validating the broadside transmission. All simulations were conducted using Ansys HFSS version 2023.

A Study of Wideband Dielectric Resonator Antennas Loaded With Special Dispersive Materials

A Study of Wideband Dielectric Resonator Antennas Loaded With Special Dispersive Materials

A High-Gain Fabry–Perot Resonator Antenna With Dual-Sense Circular Polarization Diversity

A High-Gain Fabry–Perot Resonator Antenna With Dual-Sense Circular Polarization Diversity