Resonance Spectroscopy In Diagnosis Research Articles

Applications of magnetic resonance spectroscopy in diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases: A systematic review

BackgroundMagnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) is an imaging technique used to measure metabolic changes in the tissue. Due to the lack of evidence, MRS is not a priority in diagnosing neurodegenerative diseases because it is a relatively specialized technique that requires specialized equipment and expertise to perform and interpret. This systematic review aimed to present a comprehensive collection of MRS results in the most common neurodegenerative diseases. MethodsA systematic search of four electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and ScienceDirect) was conducted for studies published from 2017 to 2022. Articles that provided specific biomarker levels were selected, and studies that assessed the diseases via treatment, featured MRS applying nuclei other than 1H, or compared different animal models were excluded. ResultsA total of 25 articles, plus 3 articles for extra information in the introduction, were included in this review. Six of the most common neurodegenerative diseases, i.e., Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease, Huntington chorea, ataxia, multiple sclerosis (MS), multiple system atrophy (MSA), and progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) were examined via MRS. The changes and ratios of N-acetylaspartate (NAA) could be seen in all of these disorders, which could lead to early diagnosis. However, there are other biomarkers, such as Cr and Chon, which can give convincing results. DiscussionThis observational study is the first synthesis of the latest evidence proving metabolic changes during neurodegenerative diseases using MRS as a diagnosis method. The findings indicate decreased N-acetylaspartate (NAA) and NAA/Cr ratios in Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), ataxias, and MS, reflecting neuronal loss or dysfunction. Increased choline and myo-inositol were noted in some studies, suggesting cell membrane turnover and neuroinflammation. Findings were less consistent for other metabolites like glutamate and gamma-aminobutyric acid. However, there were limitations due to the lack of studies on the same volumes of interest (VOIs) and the small number of participants.

Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy in Diagnosis and Follow-Up of Gliomas: State-of-the-Art.

Simple SummaryMagnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) is a useful technique in diagnosis and follow-up of gliomas. In this review we provide an insight in the use of both proton and phosphorous MRS in clinical and scientific every day practice.Preoperative grade prediction is important in diagnostics of glioma. Even more important can be follow-up after chemotherapy and radiotherapy of high grade gliomas. In this review we provide an overview of MR-spectroscopy (MRS), technical aspects, and different clinical scenarios in the diagnostics and follow-up of gliomas in pediatric and adult populations. Furthermore, we provide a recap of the current research utility and possible future strategies regarding proton- and phosphorous-MRS in glioma research.

Value of Magnetic Resonance Images and Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy in Diagnosis of Brain Tumors under Fuzzy C-Means Algorithm.

This study was aimed to explore the diagnostic value of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) in brain tumors under the fuzzy C-means (FCM) algorithm. The two-dimensional FCM hybrid algorithm was improved to be three-dimensional. The MRI images and MRS spectra of 127 patients with brain tumors (low-grade glioma group) and 54 healthy people (healthy group) were analyzed. The results suggested that the membership matrix of the improved algorithm had lower ambiguity, higher segmentation accuracy, closer relationship of intrapixels, and stronger irrelevance of interclass pixels. Through the analysis of gray matter volume, it was found that, compared with the healthy group, the gray matter and white matter volumes in the brain of high-grade glioma were higher, and those of low-grade glioma group were lower. The improved FCM algorithm could obtain a higher accuracy of 88.64% in segmenting images. It had a higher sensitivity to gray matter changes in brain tumors, reaching 92.72%; its specificity was not much different from that of traditional FCM, which were 83.61% and 88.06%, respectively. In the diagnostic value, the area under the curve of mean kurtosis was the largest, which was 0.962 (P < 0.001). The best critical value was 0.4096, which had a greater reference significance for clinical treatment and prognosis. The ratio of choline/N-acetyl-aspartate and the ratio of choline/creatine also showed significant differences in high- and low-grade gliomas (P < 0.05), but the specificity and sensitivity were slightly lower. It also had guiding significance for the grading of gliomas. Overall, the improved FCM algorithm had obvious advantages in the segmentation process of MRI images, which provided help for the clinical diagnosis of brain tumors.

Clinical Application of Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy in Diagnosis of Intracranial Mass Lesions.

Conventional MR imaging provides highly detailed anatomic information with unrivalled soft tissue contrast making it the mainstay in the diagnosis of suspected brain lesions. Despite this, MRI alone at times cannot answer the diagnostic questions in quite a few patients. Proton MR Spectroscopy (H-MRS) provides information on the metabolic composition within an area under interrogation. By comparing the relative concentrations of specific metabolites, the neuroradiologist can deduce critical information regarding neuronal cell density and integrity, cell membrane turnover, metabolic fuel, and possible necrosis in the region of interest. This provides a biochemical picture of the underlying pathology and thus aids in the diagnosis. This was a cross-sectional comparative study. Of the 63 patients examined by MRI and MRS for intracranial mass lesions, the radiologists were able to offer a single imaging diagnosis based on MRI alone in only 15 patients (23.8%) while when MRI imaging was combined with MR spectroscopy, a single imaging diagnosis was offered in 47 patients (74.6%). This was an overall statistically significant improvement. MRS aided the radiologist in offering a single diagnosis in high versus low-grade gliomas, high-grade gliomas versus tuberculomas, and recurrent tumours versus radiation necrosis.

The Role Of Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy in Diagnosis of Multiple Sclerosis .

This study aims at emphasizing the role of MRS in management of post therapeutic response of different stages of the disease of multiple sclerosisBackground : Multiple Sclerosis is a chronic inflammatory, and degenerative autoimmune disorder of the CNS that is characterized by unpredictable clinical relapses and remissions and by progression of disability over time. MRS has the ability to characterize the chemical pathology of brain, as well as regions of the brain that are not associated with structural abnormalities on conventional MRI. So it can help to define the natural history of the disease process and it can help in monitoring metabolic responses to therapy Patients and Methods : A study, included 40 patients who presented with clinically diagnosed multiple sclerosis followed by conventional MRI and referred for further assessment by MR spectroscopy study .Results : The age of included patients ranged from 18 to 45 years with a mean age of 34.67±8.23 years. 60% of the patients were females and 40% of them were males, the sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive value of H-MRS in the diagnosis of MS were 94.4%, 76.2%, 71.5% respectively compared to 87.3%, 69.2%, and 65.8% in case of c-MRI.Conclusion Adding MR spectroscopy to conventional MRI increases the specificity and accuracy of MRI study in diagnosis and follow up of therapeutic response of Multiple sclerosis

Use of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy in diagnosis of inborn errors of metabolism.

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy has been applied in many fields of science and is increasingly being considered as a tool in the clinical setting. This review examines its application for diagnosis of inborn errors of metabolism (IEMs). IEMs, whether involving deficiency in the synthesis and degradation of metabolites, or in lipoprotein metabolism, affect nearly 3% of the global population. NMR is a preferred method for comprehensive evaluation of complex biofluids such as blood or urine, as it can provide a relatively unbiased overview of all compounds that are present and does not destroy or otherwise chemically alter the sample. While current newborn screening programs take advantage of other more sensitive methods, such as mass spectrometry, NMR has advantages especially for urine analysis with respect to ease of sample preparation and the reproducibility of results. NMR spectroscopy is particularly compatible with analysis of lipoproteins because it provides information about their size and density, not easily attained by other methods, that can help the clinician to better manage patients with dyslipidemia. We believe that NMR holds great potential for expanding clinical diagnosis in the future, in the field of IEMs and beyond.

The Role of Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy in Diagnosis of Multiple Sclerosis

The Role of Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy in Diagnosis of Multiple Sclerosis

Fat fraction quantification of lumbar spine: comparison of T1-weighted two-point Dixon and single-voxel magnetic resonance spectroscopy in diagnosis of multiple myeloma.

We aimed to investigate the value of T1-weighted two-point Dixon technique and single-voxel magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) in diagnosis of multiple myeloma (MM) through quantifying fat content of vertebral marrow. A total of 30 MM patients and 30 healthy volunteers underwent T1-weighted two-point Dixon and single-voxel MRS imaging. The fat fraction map (FFM) was reconstructed from the Dixon images using the equation FFM = Lip/In, where Lip represents fat maps and In represents in-phase images. The fat fraction (FF) of MRS was calculated by using the integral area of Lip peak divided by the sum of integral area of Lip peak and water peak. FF values measured by the Dixon technique and MRS were significantly decreased in MM patients (45.99%±3.39% and 47.63%±4.38%) compared with healthy controls (64.43%±0.96% and 76.22%±1.91%) (P < 0.001 with both methods). FF values measured by Dixon technique were significantly positively correlated to those measured by MRS in MM (r = 0.837, P < 0.001) and healthy control group (r = 0.735, P < 0.001), respectively. There was no significant difference between area under the curve (AUC) obtained by the Dixon technique (0.878±0.047; range, 0.785 to 0.971; optimal cutoff, 56.35 for healthy controls vs. MM) and MRS (0.883±0.047; range, 0.791 to 0.974; optimal cutoff, 61.00 for healthy controls vs. MM). The ability of Dixon technique to differentiate MM group from healthy controls was equivalent to single-voxel MRS. Regarding detection of fat contents in vertebral bone, T1-weighted two-point Dixon technique exhibited equivalent performance to single-voxel MRS in the diagnosis of multiple myeloma. Moreover, two-point Dixon is a more convenient and stable technique for assessing bone marrow changes in MM patients than single-voxel MRS.

Clinical application of magnetic resonance spectroscopy in diagnosis of pancreatic cancer

Clinical application of magnetic resonance spectroscopy in diagnosis of pancreatic cancer

Role of sonoelastography and MR spectroscopy in diagnosis of solid breast lesions with histopathological correlation

ObjectiveTo demonstrate the role of ultrasound elastography and magnetic resonance spectroscopy in diagnosis of solid breast lesions with histopathological correlation. Patients and methodsThis study included 40 female patients, and their ages ranged from 17 to 73years with mean age of 43.18years. Patients were referred on the basis of suspected breast lesion and/or nipple discharge. All patients underwent elastography in addition to conventional ultrasonography and MR spectroscopy and the radiological results were correlated with histopathological examination for achieving confirmed final diagnosis. ResultsAll benign lesions were 17 on the basis of elastography, while the malignant lesions were 18. Fifteen malignant lesions (93.7%, 15/21) had an elastography score 5, while Thirteen benign lesions (86.7%, 13/19) had an elastography score 3. On the basis of DCE-MRI, benign lesions were 16, while the malignant lesions were 19. Sixteen malignant lesions (94.1%) were diagnosed as BI-RADS 5, while fourteen benign lesions (93.3%) were diagnosed as BI-RADS 3. On the basis of MR spectroscopy, benign lesions were 17, while the malignant lesions were 19. Nineteen malignant lesions (90.5) had positive choline peak while seventeen benign lesions (89.5%) had negative choline peak. The study showed conventional ultrasound sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV and accuracy as 85%, 80%, 80.9%, 84.2% and 82.5% respectively, and sono-elastography sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV and accuracy as 90%, 85%, 85.7%, 89.4% and 87.5% respectively. Dynamic contrast enhanced MRI sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV and accuracy were 85.7%, 84.2%, 85.7%, 84.2% and 85% respectively, while MR spectroscopy sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV and accuracy were 90.4%, 89.4%, 90.4%, 89.5% and 80.5% respectively. ConclusionThe study showed that sono-elastography and MR spectroscopy are valuable noninvasive diagnostic imaging techniques in diagnosis of early breast malignancy than any other diagnostic tools, consequently help to avoid nondesirable invasive surgical biopsy of the breast lesions.

Significance of magnetic resonance spectroscopy in diagnosis of minimal hepatic encephalopathy

Significance of magnetic resonance spectroscopy in diagnosis of minimal hepatic encephalopathy

Phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy in diagnosis of focal liver lesions

31PMR spectroscopy was carried out in 93 patients with various focal lesions in the liver and in the control group people. The method was proved to be noninvasive and highly informative in studying of biochemical processes in the liver on the cell level but some serious technical limitations hinder its usage in the clinical practice.

Role of proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in diagnosis of pilocytic astrocytoma in children

BackgroundPilocytic astrocytomas are the second overall most common pediatric brain tumor. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging is widely used in the diagnosis and follow up of pediatric patients with pilocytic astrocytomas because of its ability to provide anatomical detail. However conventional MR imaging does not provide information about tissue biochemistry. Aim of the workTo study the role of proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in diagnosis of pilocytic astrocytoma in children. Subjects and methodsThis study included seven pediatric patients with histopathologically proven pilocytic astrocytoma. All patients were subjected to full history taking and thorough clinical examination. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging was performed at 1.5Tesla MR system using a standard head coil. Imaging included conventional MRI and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy was done using either single or multi-voxel technique. Surgical biopsy was then performed to all patients and correlation with histopathological data was done. ResultsOut of the seven patients included in this study, six were females and one was male with mean age of 9.5years, the tumor was located in five of them in the posterior fossa, located in right thalamo-peduncular region in one patient and located in the hypothalamic–chiasmatic region in one patient.MR spectroscopic study showed the same findings in all the lesions including high Cho/NAA and Cho/Cr ratios (3.53±1.5) and (7.21±4.2), respectively, relative low concentration of creatine with increased NAA/Cr ratio (2.32±1.1). Lactate doublet was detected in all cases while no lipid peaks were detected. ConclusionBased on the findings in this study we suggest that pilocytic astrocytoma has a specific spectroscopic metabolic profile which could be diagnostic for this type of tumor.

MRI in Diagnosis of Orbital Masses

Purpose: To evaluate the role of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in diagnosis of different orbital masses and their advantages over conventional magnetic resonance imaging.Methods: The study included 32 patients presenting with proptosis. Every patient was subjected to a clinical examination; conventional MRI “T1 weighted, T2 weighted, and post-contrast T1 weighted if needed;” diffusion-weighted MRI; and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Orbitotomy was performed, the orbital mass was excised, and histopathological examination was performed.Results: Diffusion-weighted MRI can be used to differentiate between benign lesions and malignant tumors in 75% of cases; however, overlap occurred in 25% of cases with benign tumors showing restricted diffusion while proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy could differentiate between benign and malignant tumors in 93.7% of cases.Conclusion: Diffusion-weighted MRI and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy increased the accuracy of diagnosis of orbital masses through giving in vivo tissue characterization; with magnetic resonance spectroscopy being more accurate.

Value of 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy in diagnosis of hepatic cellular carcinoma

目的 利用31P磁共振波谱(magnetic resonance spectroscopy,MRS)分析肝细胞癌与正常肝组织的磷脂和能量代谢特点.方法 16例正常人(对照组)及10例肝细胞癌患者(观察组)纳入本研究,对照组既往无肝病史,生化检查确认无异常,肝细胞癌患者经病理检查证实,用Sonata 1.5T磁共振仪行31P-MRS检查,对磷酸单脂、磷酸单脂/β-三磷酸腺苷、磷酸单脂/磷酸二脂指标作独立样本t检验.结果 对照组和观察组的上述3个指标均值分别为0.71±0.19、0.33±0.16、0.37±0.12和3.13±0.53、1.88±0.2、2.27±0.42,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 31P-MRS能够无创性鉴别肝细胞癌与正常肝组织的代谢改变, 可以对肝细胞癌进行早期诊断。

Role of magnetic resonance spectroscopy in diagnosis and management of multiple sclerosis

Application of magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) to study the nature, pathogenesis, tissue injury and therapeutic response of MS patients has altered our view of multiple sclerosis (MS) fundamentally. By offering biochemical analysis of demyelinating lesions and axonal injury, MRS generates objective and quantifiable data on central nervous system tissue and metabolism during pathogenesis of MS. Of these biochemical markers, N-acetylaspartate, which serves as an indicator of neuronal and axonal injury and choline (Cho) peaks which demonstrate cell membrane metabolism, provide a plethora of data on the neuropathology of MS. Based on these findings, MRS provides neuroscientists with a unique diagnostic and prognostic tool to follow MS patients and assess their response to treatment with immunomodulators. MRS findings are so significant that consideration should be given to their routine inclusion as secondary outcome measures in clinical trials of MS patients.