Resonance Sensor Research Articles

Numerical analysis of an advanced infrared-based metasurface surface plasmon resonance sensor for COVID-19 detection

The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has highlighted the critical need for rapid and precise diagnostic methodologies. Conventional testing approaches often exhibit limitations in terms of speed, accessibility, and sensitivity. To address these constraints, we propose an advanced graphene-based biosensing platform for SARS-CoV-2 detection. This sensor integrates advanced nanophotonic principles, metamaterial physics, and two-dimensional material properties to achieve enhanced sensitivity through the detection of refractive index perturbations induced by SARS-CoV-2 biomolecules. Electromagnetic simulations were conducted to optimize the sensor design. The resulting configuration demonstrates a sensitivity of 1800 nmRIU−1 and a detection limit of 0.007 RIU. The sensor exhibits multi-wavelength sensing capabilities at 3.942 μm, 4.018 μm, 4.088 μm, and 4.201 μm, with a high figure of merit of 104.167 RIU−1 and quality factors ranging from 65.766 to 251. 750.The sensor's multilayer architecture, comprising tungsten, graphene, and strontium titanate synergistically enhances both sensitivity and selectivity. Its compact form factor and capacity for real-time analysis render it a promising candidate for point-of-care COVID-19 diagnostics.

Assessment of Acrylamide Levels by Advanced Molecularly Imprinted Polymer-Imprinted Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) Sensor Technology and Sensory Quality in Homemade Fried Potatoes.

This study evaluated acrylamide (AA) levels and various quality parameters in homemade fried potatoes prepared in different sizes by integrating principles from the Slow Food Movement with advanced sensor technology. To this aim, a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor based on a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) was first developed for the determination of AA in homemade fried potatoes at low levels, and the AA levels in the samples were established. First of all, monolayer formation of allyl mercaptane on the SPR chip surface was carried out to form double bonds that could polymerize on the chip surface. AA-imprinted SPR chip surfaces modified with allyl mercaptane were prepared via UV polymerization using ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) as a cross-linker, N,N'-azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) as an initiator, and methacryloylamidoglutamicacid (MAGA) as a monomer. The prepared AA-imprinted and nonimprinted surfaces were characterized by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy methods. The SPR sensor indicated linearity in the range of 1.0 × 10-9-5.0 × 10-8 M with a detection limit (LOD) of 3.0 × 10-10 M in homemade fried potatoes, and the SPR sensor demonstrated high selectivity and repeatability in terms of AA detection. Additionally, the highest AA level was observed in the potato sample belonging to the T1 group, at 15.37 nM (p < 0.05), and a strong and positive correlation was found between AA levels and sensory parameters, the a* value, the ΔE value, and the browning index (BI) (p < 0.05).

Ultrasensitive Detection of Trace Silver Ions Using MoS42--Intercalated LDH Nanosheets Enhanced SPR Sensor.

The widespread use of silver raises concerns about environmental and health risks, necessitating highly sensitive detection methods for trace silver ions (Ag+). Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensors offer benefits like label-free detection and rapid response, but their sensitivity for Ag+ detection is limited due to weak ion adsorption. Here, we developed an SPR sensor with MoS42--intercalated NiAl-layered double hydroxide (LDH) as the adsorption layer of Ag+ to enhance detection sensitivity. Our sensor achieves a sensitivity of 254.75 nm/μg/L and detects Ag+ at a low concentration of 2.8 pM, outperforming various existing sensors. It also shows excellent repeatability, long-term stability, and selectivity, proving effective in real-world environmental samples. This work advances high-performance SPR sensors for heavy metal ion detection.

Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensor Based on Perovskite Layer and Bimetallic Silver-gold for the Detection of Human Breast Cancer

Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensor Based on Perovskite Layer and Bimetallic Silver-gold for the Detection of Human Breast Cancer

Nanoengineered Graphene Metasurface Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensor for Precise Hemoglobin Detection with AI-Assisted Performance Prediction

Nanoengineered Graphene Metasurface Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensor for Precise Hemoglobin Detection with AI-Assisted Performance Prediction

[formula omitted] modified U-shaped fiber surface plasmon resonance sensor with high sensitivity

Design of optical fiber structure and sensitive material coating are two effective performance improvement approaches for fiber optic surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensors. Here, a tungsten diselenide (WSe2) modified U-shaped fiber optic SPR sensor is proposed. It is found that the sensing performances of the proposed U-shaped probe can be controlled with the thickness of gold film, WSe2 layers, and bending radius of the U-shaped fiber. A sensitivity of 27520 nm/RIU (RIU: refractive index unit) is obtained with the optimized U-shaped probe, which is about 11.56-fold and 12.29-fold improvements over the traditional in-line transmission fiber optic SPR sensors without WSe2 coating and with monolayer WSe2, respectively. These results demonstrate a promising approach for sensitivity improvement of fiber optic SPR sensors, and the proposed WSe2 modified U-shaped fiber optic SPR sensor may have prospective potential applications in biological sensing, chemical sensing, and environmental monitoring.

Optical Based Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensor for the Detection of the Various Kind of Cancerous Cell.

This research explores a novel biosensor design that exhibits much higher sensitivity compared to conventional biosensors. The biosensor's uniqueness originated from its innovative structure, which incorporates N-FK51A/Ag/AlON/BlueP materials, as well as its cutting-edge fabrication method. The refractive index component was considered when designing the SPR biosensor, which was developed from the angular analysis of the attenuated total reflection (ATR) approach for cancer detection. For instance, the resonance angle shifts by 15.57 deg when the refractive index changes from 1.360 to 1.401, demonstrating the sensor's responsiveness to variation in the refractive index. The sensitivities for skin (basal), cervical (HeLa), blood (Jurkat), adrenal gland (PC12), and breast (MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7) cancer cells were 197.65, 243.66, 255.36, 302.71, 372.57, and 416.85 deg/RIU, respectively. Also, the detection accuracy (DA), the figure of merit (FoM), and the quality factor were 0.37/deg, 155.94 (deg/RIU), and 26.71 RIU-1. We also examine the effects of substituting the noble, dielectric, 2D material layer with conventional biosensor materials for six cancers. Each time, the Ag/AION/BlueP layered structure performed best in distinguishing cancer cells from healthy cells. We also study the prism effects. The proposed biosensor, with a RI of 1.29-1.40, has a linear regression coefficient of R2 of 0.96094.

BaTiO3 boosted silver-based SPR sensor for efficient urine-glucose detection in pre-diabetic and early-diabetic stages

The current work studies the impact of BaTiO3 along with the various monosulfide on the sensing performance of a silver-coated surface plasmonic resonance sensor (SPR) for the noninvasive detection of glucose via urine samples. The considered monosulfides are GeS, ZnS, CdS, and CuS. After the optimization of the BaTiO3 thickness to 13 nm over the silver based SPR sensor, all above mentioned monosulfides are investigated over the BaTiO3 (BTO) layer individually. It is shown that GeS shows better performance compared to others. Maximum obtained sensitivity for the optimized structure (Prism (BK7)/ Ag (50 nm)/BaTiO3 (13 nm)/GeS (01 Layer)/Urine sample) is 527 °/RIU (the highest ever reported to date) for urine sample refractive indices range 1.335, 1.336, 1.337, 1.338, and 1.341 for corresponding glucose concentration of 0 g/dl (non-diabetic), 0.625 g/dl (pre-diabetic), 1.25 g/dl (early diabetic), 2.5 g/dl (diabetic), and 5 g/dl (high-diabetic), respectively. The investigation produced a thorough picture of the distribution of electric fields for distinct monosulfide layers. Other investigated sensing performance parameters such as detection accuracy (DA), quality factor (QF), limit of detection (LOD) are also numerically calculated and are 0.227 deg−1, 97 RIU−1 and 1.25e-5 respectively. The contrast of the suggested structure to similar relevant published work demonstrates its ability to be used as an efficient label-free biosensor.

Detection of Skin, Cervical, and Breast Cancer Using Au–Ag Alloy and WS2-Based Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensor

Detection of Skin, Cervical, and Breast Cancer Using Au–Ag Alloy and WS2-Based Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensor

Low detection limit of uric acid based on Prussian blue-enhanced photothermal effect with microfiber knot resonator

The human serum uric acid (UA) level is a crucial indicator for diagnosing dementia in middle-aged and elderly individuals, with decreased levels being expressed in patients. Therefore, developing a high-performance sensor for online uric acid detection is of significant research interest. Herein, a microfiber knot resonator (MKR) sensor for quantitative detection of UA levels is reported. Combining polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) with an adiabatic MKR, the specificity of UA detection in serum is improved using the photothermal effect of Prussian blue-enhanced uricase reaction. During the sensor operation, UA generates the photothermal effect under 650 nm laser irradiation, causing the PDMS film to expand with heat absorption, thereby shifting the resonance spectrum of the PDMS-MKR sensor. Experimental results demonstrate a sensitivity of 0.0559 nm/(μmol/L) within a UA concentration range of 40–120 μmol/L and a detection limit as low as 0.3578 μmol/L. The proposed sensor shows potential applications in clinical point-of-care early diagnosis and prognosis of dementia due to its specificity, fast detection speed, robustness, and high integration.

All Optic-Fiber Waveguide-Coupled SPR Sensor for CRP Sensing Based on Dielectric Layer and Poly-Dopamine

We developed an all optic-fiber waveguide-coupled surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor using zirconium disulfide (ZrS2) and poly-dopamine (PDA) as the dielectric layer and biological cross-linker, respectively. This sensor can be employed to monitor the entire process of the C-reactive protein (CRP) sensing, including antibody modification and antigen detection. The design and the optimization of the optical fiber waveguide-coupled SPR sensor were realized, based on the transfer matrix method and first-principles calculations. The sensor was fabricated and characterized according to the optimized parameters. The experimental setup was implemented to measure the entire process of antibody modification and antigen detection for CRP with the detection limit of 3.21 pmol·mL−1, and the specificity tests were also carried out.

An amplitude-based temperature compensated MEMS resonant pressure sensor with single resonator

Temperature compensation is a common concern of MEMS sensors. This paper presents an amplitude-based temperature compensated MEMS resonant pressure sensor. An AGC (automatic gain control) closed-loop circuit with a constant-amplitude drive was designed, enabling the real-time sampling of resonant frequencies and amplitudes. Under the constant-amplitude drive, the amplitude of the resonator changes monotonously with temperature. Thus, pressure and temperature can be decoupled using a single resonator, achieving high accuracy in pressure measurements. Experimental results demonstrated that the fabricated microsensor achieved high performance with the amplitude-based temperature compensation. Within a pressure range of 10 kPa to 100 kPa and a temperature range of −20℃ to 60℃, the pressure accuracy of the microsensor reached ± 0.012 %FS (full scale), with a repeatability error of 0.009 %FS and a pressure hysteresis error of 0.007 %FS. Based on single resonator, the developed microsensor is expected to reduce device sizes, simplify design and fabrication processes, and decrease the power consumption of the system.

Evaluation of reflective fiber-optic surface plasmon resonance sensor for monitoring scale deposition.

A reflective surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor was evaluated for real-time monitoring of scale deposition. The sensor consists of an optical fiber, only 5mm at the gold-coated tip of the sensing area. The effect of silica growth on the sensor response was evaluated using a Na2SiO3 solution. The sensitivity of the sensor to silica was 1.6 ± 0.3nm per one immersion in the solution of 1000mg/L (as SiO2) at 85°Cand subsequnt air drying, as indicated by theSPR peak shift. The amount of silica deposited on the gold surface was measured by the quartz crystal microbalancemethod, and the SPR sensitivity of 0.089nm/ng to silica mass was obtained. The detection limit (3σ) of the SPR sensor was 17ng, correspondingto a thickness of 2.5nm for amorphous silica. The SPR sensor wastested in geothermal brine sampled at the Sumikawa Geothermal Power Plant, where a clear SPR shift was observed, suggesting the effectiveness of the SPR sensor for scale monitoring.

Gratings for enhanced sensitivity: advancing D-shaped optical fiber surface plasmon resonance sensors with Ag-Fe2O3 structures

This research delves into enhancing biosensing sensitivity by optimizing D-shaped optical fiber surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensors employing Ag-Fe2O3 structures. By investigating the influence of different grating structures—rectangular, triangular, and elliptical—on sensor performance, a comprehensive analysis was conducted to ascertain the impact of these structural variations on sensitivity and detection precision. The study revealed that while the rectangular structure exhibited a sensitivity of 6.4 µm/RIU, the triangular structure outperformed with an impressive sensitivity of 7.2 µm/RIU. Moreover, the detection accuracy, quantified by the detection angle (DA), reached 15.7(µm)−1 for the triangular grating, surpassing the rectangular grating’s detection angle of 14.8(µm)−1. These results underscore the crucial role of structural design in enhancing sensor performance, with the triangular grating demonstrating superior sensitivity and detection precision in the context of plasmonic resonance. The extended detection range of refractive indices around 1.39 further expands the sensor’s applicability in diverse chemical and biomedical analyses. Notably, the sensor’s capability to detect various chemical solutions and diseases—including plasma, tuberculosis, white blood cells, and breast cancer cells—underscores its versatility and efficacy in dual-parameter detection. Through meticulous simulations and analysis, this study provides valuable insights into optimizing sensor sensitivity, detection accuracy, and application versatility, paving the way for advanced developments in biosensing technology with far-reaching implications for chemical and biomedical research.

Cascaded dual-parameter SPR fiber sensor for RI and pH simultaneous detection based on Ag film and an Ag/self-assembled nanofilm structure

To achieve more accurate analysis and detection of changes in liquid parameters, we propose a dual-parameter surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor that can measure refractive index (RI) and pH simultaneously. In this paper, we compare and analyze the transmission spectrum when the SPR effect is excited by the cladding mode of a photonic crystal fiber (PCF) and the core mode of the no-core fiber. The results show that the SPR effect excited using the cladding mode is stronger and the sensor has better loss peaks, which is more conducive to realizing the detection of the external environment. Therefore, the sensor uses PCF as the substrate and utilizes a cascade composite film structure, and the area where a silver film is deposited on the surface of the PCF is selected as the RI sensing area. Another part of the PCF, after the silver film is deposited, uses a high-sensitivity polyacrylic acid/chitosan self-assembled nanofilm as the pH-sensitive film. Experimental results show that the maximum sensitivity is 4122.44 nm/RIU and -57.82 nm/pH when the RI range is between 1.333 and 1.385 and the pH range is between 3.11 and 8.63, respectively. In addition, we experimentally verified that the sensor had good stability and repeatability. The design of the sensor provides new possibilities for real-time monitoring and precise control, helping to advance scientific research and the development of industry.

Development of PIND system based on resonant sensors and research on material identification methods for redundant particles

Abstract Aiming at the problems of the existing particle impact noise detection (PIND) system, such as low detection accuracy, high rate of misjudgment and missed judgment, and the inability to judge the material of internal redundant particles in real time, a method for automatic detection and material identification of redundant particles based on neural network recognition is proposed, and an automatic detection system for redundant particles of sealed electronic devices is developed. The system is equipped with multi-channel piezoelectric resonant sensors, which convert the redundant particle impact noise signal into a voltage signal, and then transmit the signal to the host using a high-speed data acquisition system. The upper computer uses a short-term energy threshold detection method to extract signal pulses; Then, a variety of time and frequency domain features are extracted and combined with wavelet domain features; Finally, by training the multi output neural network prediction model, it can automatically judge whether there are redundant particles in the tested parts, and automatically give the material information of the redundant particles. Experiments show that the accuracy of the system for material recognition of redundant particles with a mass greater than 0.1 mg can reach 88.6%.

Patterned Laser-Induced graphene enabling a High-Performance gas sensing Split-Ring resonator

The outstanding potential of microwave resonator-based energy-efficient gas sensors has been overshadowed by their underperforming gas sensing capabilities, especially insignificant sensitivity to detect low-concentration volatile organic compounds (VOCs). This unmet challenge persists primarily due to predominant metallic resonator structures, which further limit their wearable applications and pose environmental concerns. This work presents a laser-induced graphene (LIG)-enabled split-ring resonator (SRR) sensor on a flexible polyimide substrate for the rapid and sensitive detection of gaseous VOCs. To implement the sensor, the conductive traces of the SRR were created using a computer-controlled CO2 laser at an optimized power level, thus inducing 48 µm thick, conductive (24 S/cm) graphene layers on a polyimide substrate. The SRR gas sensor, in which LIG with three-dimensional networks of porosity serves as conductive and even gas-sensitive traces, benefits from a significantly enhanced interaction between the SRR’s electromagnetic field and VOC gases. As a proof of concept, a prototype of the LIG-enabled SRR was implemented and mounted on a test fixture. The developed gas sensor operated at a resonant frequency of 1.402 GHz, which exhibited rapid (∼17 s) and noticeable shifts when exposed to 200 ppm of different VOCs (acetone, ethanol, methanol, toluene, and isopropyl alcohol). Additionally, the sensor demonstrated a linear correlation between the resonant frequency and acetone gas concentration (1 ppm-200 ppm), with a sensitivity of 188 KHz/ppm. These electromagnetic and gas sensing results suggest that polyimide-derived LIG traces can replace metal microstrip lines in the SRR structure, opening up possibilities for high-performance microwave resonator gas sensors, even suitable for flexible and wearable applications.

ZnO and antimonene-based surface plasmon resonance sensor for enamel, dentin, and cementum layer detection in human teeth

ZnO and antimonene-based surface plasmon resonance sensor for enamel, dentin, and cementum layer detection in human teeth

Angle-Dependent In-Plane Magnetic Field Detection by MEMS Resonant Sensor

Angle-Dependent In-Plane Magnetic Field Detection by MEMS Resonant Sensor

Detection methods for antibiotics in wastewater: a review.

Antibiotics are widely used as fungicides because of their antibacterial and bactericidal effects. However, it is necessary to control their dosage. If the amount of antbiotics is too much, it cannot be completely metabolized and absorbed, will pollute the environment, and have a great impact on human health. Many antibiotics usually left in factory or aquaculture wastewater pollute the environment, so it is vital to detect the content of antibiotics in wastewater. This article summarizes several common methods of antibiotic detection and pretreatment steps. The detection methods of antibiotics in wastewater mainly include immunoassay, instrumental analysis method, and sensor. Studies have shown that immunoassay can detect deficient concentrations of antibiotics, but it is affected by external factors leading to errors. The detection speed of the instrumental analysis method is fast, but the repeatability is poor, the price is high, and the operation is complicated. The sensor is a method that is currently increasingly studied, including electrochemical sensors, optical sensors, biosensors, photoelectrochemical sensors, and surface plasmon resonance sensors. It has the advantages of fast detection speed, high accuracy, and strong sensitivity. However, the reproducibility and stability of the sensor are poor. At present, there is no method that can comprehensively integrate the advantages. This paper aims to review the enrichment and detection methods of antibiotics in wastewater from 2020 to the present. It also aims to provide some ideas for future research directions in this field.