Tool For Resolution Research Articles

A glycan-based approach to cell characterization and isolation: Hematopoiesis as a paradigm.

Cell surfaces display a wide array of molecules that confer identity. While flow cytometry and cluster of differentiation (CD) markers have revolutionized cell characterization and purification, functionally heterogeneous cellular subtypes remain unresolvable by the CD marker system alone. Using hematopoietic lineages as a paradigm, we leverage the extraordinary molecular diversity of heparan sulfate (HS) glycans to establish cellular "glycotypes" by utilizing a panel of anti-HS single-chain variable fragment antibodies (scFvs). Prospective sorting with anti-HS scFvs identifies functionally distinct glycotypes within heterogeneous pools of mouse and human hematopoietic progenitor cells and enables further stratification of immunophenotypically pure megakaryocyte-erythrocyte progenitors. This stratification correlates with expression of a heptad of HS-related genes that is reflective of the HS epitope recognized by specific anti-HS scFvs. While we show that HS glycotyping provides an orthogonal set of tools for resolution of hematopoietic lineages, we anticipate broad utility of this approach in defining and isolating novel, viable cell types across diverse tissues and species.

Temperature-dependent hydrogen deuterium exchange shows impact of analog binding on adenosine deaminase flexibility but not embedded thermal networks

The analysis of hydrogen deuterium exchange by mass spectrometry as a function of temperature and mutation has emerged as a generic and efficient tool for the spatial resolution of protein networks that are proposed to function in the thermal activation of catalysis. In this work, we extend temperature-dependent hydrogen deuterium exchange from apo-enzyme structures to protein–ligand complexes. Using adenosine deaminase as a prototype, we compared the impacts of a substrate analog (1-deaza-adenosine) and a very tight-binding inhibitor/transition state analog (pentostatin) at single and multiple temperatures. At a single temperature, we observed different hydrogen deuterium exchange-mass spectrometry properties for the two ligands, as expected from their 106-fold differences in strength of binding. By contrast, analogous patterns for temperature-dependent hydrogen deuterium exchange mass spectrometry emerge in the presence of both 1-deaza-adenosine and pentostatin, indicating similar impacts of either ligand on the enthalpic barriers for local protein unfolding. We extended temperature-dependent hydrogen deuterium exchange to a function-altering mutant of adenosine deaminase in the presence of pentostatin and revealed a protein thermal network that is highly similar to that previously reported for the apo-enzyme (Gao et al., 2020, JACS 142, 19936-19949). Finally, we discuss the differential impacts of pentostatin binding on overall protein flexibility versus site-specific thermal transfer pathways in the context of models for substrate-induced changes to a distributed protein conformational landscape that act in synergy with embedded protein thermal networks to achieve efficient catalysis.

Deep learning as a tool for inverse problems resolution: a case study

PurposeThis study aims to investigate the possible use of a deep neural network (DNN) as an inverse solver.Design/methodology/approachDifferent models based on DNNs are designed and proposed for the resolution of inverse electromagnetic problems either as fast solvers for the direct problem or as straightforward inverse problem solvers, with reference to the TEAM 25 benchmark problem for the sake of exemplification.FindingsUsing DNNs as straightforward inverse problem solvers has relevant advantages in terms of promptness but requires a careful treatment of the underlying problem ill-posedness.Originality/valueThis work is one of the first attempts to exploit DNNs for inverse problem resolution in low-frequency electromagnetism. Results on the TEAM 25 test problem show the potential effectiveness of the approach but also highlight the need for a careful choice of the training data set.

Critical Review of Sustainable Peace, Mediative Dialogue and Social Media

This paper attempts a critical review of the interplay between social media, sustainable peace and mediative dialogue. The paper is grounded in efforts to achieve Goal 16 of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals: Peace Justice and Strong Institutions. It is the aim of Goal 16 of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals to promote peaceful and inclusive societies for sustainable development, give justice to all and make possible effective, responsible and all-encompassing institutions at all levels. The paper traced the history of the Sustainable Development Goals to the United Nations (UN) Conference on the Human Environment held in 1972 in Stockholm, Sweden. The Sustainable Development Goals of the United Nations are developed from the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and other earlier initiatives of the United Nations. Peace is singled out among these goals, and mediative dialogue is a means to achieving this goal. The advent of the Internet, among other technologies, has significantly changed the ways people communicate globally. Social media in particular is taking a significant role in the ways people, groups and nations resolve conflicts. Through philosophical reflections and qualitative analysis, the paper recommends a framework for deploying mediative dialogue, through social media, for sustainable peace. It is, therefore, concluded that harnessing the strength of the philosophies of the phenomena of social media, sustainable peace and mediative dialogue is a veritable tool for conflict resolution and also for actualizing the aspirations for global peace as inspired by Goal 16 of the Sustainable Development Goals of the United Nations.

Alternative Dispute Resolution and Sustainability of Economic Development for the Consumer’s Benefit: An Islamic Moral Economy Perspective

Islamic Moral Economy (IME) rests on the idea of justice, goodness and fairness, and the social interest within the community. It provides a basic framework and moral-oriented principles to ensure the sustainability of economic development. In economics when contracts are formulated and signed, they are subjected to unexpected changes. Some issues may lead to disputes. The concept of Sulh (amicable settlement) can be used as an alternative dispute resolution (ADR) mechanism to solve these disputes. The scholars interpret such as mediation, arbitration, and conciliation. This paper aims to examine the potential of the applicability of mediation as a tool for dispute resolution in encouraging sustainability of economic development from an IME perspective. Based on a desk review of academic, peer-reviewed literature and reports, the particular focus of this study is on how mediation could assist the consumers of Islamic Banking and Finance in getting justice by applying dispute settlement methods between the parties. This paper suggested that the consumer obtains much benefit if the IME adopts ADR or mediation in resolving dispute and simultaneously maintains the sustainability of economic development.

A Network Model for Electroosmotic and Pressure-Driven Flow in Porous Microfluidic Channels

In this work, the network simulation method is presented as a tool for the numerical resolution of the electroosmotic and pressure-driven flow problem in microchannels with rectangular and cylindrical geometries. Based on the Brinkman equation for steady flow and constant porosity, the network model is designed using spatial discretization. An equivalent electrical circuit is obtained by establishing an analogy between the physical variable fluid velocity and electric potential. The network model is solved quickly and easily employing an electrical circuit resolution code, providing solutions for the velocity profile in the channel cross-section and the total circulating flow. After simulating two practical cases, the suitability of the grid is discussed, relating the relative errors made in the variables of interest with the number of cells used. Finally, two other applications, one for rectangular geometries and the other for cylindrical channels, show the effects the main parameters controlling the flow in these types of channels have on velocities and total flow: the zeta potential of the soil pores, applied potential and pressure gradients, and the boundary condition modified by the zeta potential in the walls of the channel.

BP-DEBUG: A Fault Debugging and Resolution Tool for Business Processes.

Cloud computing and Internet-ware software paradigm have enabled rapid development of distributed business process (BP) applications. Several tools are available to facilitate automated/ semi-automated development and deployment of such distributed BPs by orchestrating relevant service components in a plug-and-play fashion. However, the BPs developed using such tools are not guaranteed to be fault-free. In this demonstration, we present a tool called BP-DEBUG for debugging and automated repair of faulty BPs. BP-DEBUG implements our Collaborative Fault Resolution (CFR) approach that utilizes the knowledge of existing BPs with a similar set of web services fault detection and resolution in a given user BP. Essentially, CFR attempts to determine any semantic and structural differences between a faulty BP and related BPs and computes a minimum set of transformations which can be used to repair the faulty BP. Demo url: https://youtu.be/mf49oSekLOA.

Peace Education: An Effective Tool for Conflict Resolution

Every society's political, economic, and educational structures influence its future. This environment can only be achieved through peaceful living. Peace education involves students evaluating regional, national and worldwide conflicts while thinking about peaceful resolution options. A peaceful school aims to establish a discipline policy that emphasizes giving students the power to manage and control their own behaviour. The purpose of this study is to resolve multiple types of conflicts that are found in our society. This study is based on a survey method which describes how peace education plays an important role to resolve multitype of conflicts which are found in our society The development of an educational system that facilitates conflict prevention and advances peace should be the primary responsibility of education planners and managers. Government should create organizations that educate all citizens about peace, regardless of their tribe, religion, gender, race, or political party.

P456: A LONG READ SEQUENCING AND CRISPR-CAS9 BASED APPROACH FOR RAPID COPY-NUMBER ALTERATION AND STRUCTURAL VARIATION DETECTION IN HEMATOLOGIC MALIGNANCIES

Background: Current standard karyotyping methods are labor-intensive and have severe limitations in terms of resolution and duration to results. For hematologic malignancies, but not restricted to, this represents a relevant obstacle in translating molecular findings into time critical treatment decisions. Aims: To develop a sequencing based approach for rapid and scalable cytogenetics that can be applied to a wide spectrum of hematologic malignancies to detect clinically relevant molecular markers within 48hrs Methods: For copy number alteration detection, whole genome sequencing was performed on a GridION sequencer (Oxford Nanopore Technologies, ONT, using the SQK-LSK109 kit) in a cohort of 53 hematologic neoplasms, including acute myeloid leukemia (AML, n=18), chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL, n=8), multiple myeloma (MM, n=17) and pediatric acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL, n=10) samples. For the identification of balanced alterations, transcriptome sequencing data were generated using ONT (SQK-DCS109 kit), and we applied an in-house developed analysis pipeline based on minimap2 alignment followed by Blast with an ensuing filtering algorithm based on orientation, inter-read distance and length filtering. For targeted sequencing of structural aberrations, we developed a CRISPR-Cas9 based tiling approach using sgRNA pools (Integrated DNA Technologies, IDT). This approach allows to cover AML relevant targets such as t(8;21), the KMT2A (MLL) breakpoint area, and the FLT3-ITD region as well as lymphoma relevant regions such as the immunoglobulin heavy chain locus (library preparation was performed using SQK-CS9109 kit). Results: For copy number profiling a median whole-genome coverage of 2.6 was reached (range 0.27-7 fold). ONT sequencing and conventional karyotyping approaches showed a high concordance with Pearson correlation coefficients >0.95 for copy number alteration comparisons between conventional cytogenetics and ONT sequencing results for all investigated disease entities. Regarding the detection of structural aberrations transcriptome sequencing and fusion gene analysis using the above described analysis and filtering pipeline we could e.g. reliably detect the t(9;22) translocation from the K562 cell line and the t(8;21) translocation from Kasumi-1. Additionally, using this method we were able to correctly identify the primary AML sample harboring a t(8;21) translocation that was among the n=12 AML patient samples. In addition to an RNA-based work-flow, we established a CRISPR-Cas9 based DNA enrichment approach for the detection of recurrent structural aberrations from specified genomic DNA loci. The enrichment of genomic regions of interest using sgRNA libraries led e.g. to a median coverage of 44 reads (range 5-136-fold) of the t(8;21) region-of-interest in primary AML samples, which allow the detection of the exact coordinates of the breakpoints. Summary/Conclusion: Long read based sequencing based copy number alteration and structural variation detection based on combination of different long read sequencing approaches like low-coverage whole genome sequencing, transcriptome sequencing and CRISPR-Cas9 based sequencing of genomic loci of interest represents a highly promising tool for high resolution and high speed cytogenetics that has the potential to overcome many limitations of conventional cytogenetics.

Marital Communication as Moderators of the Relationship between Marital Conflict Resolution and Marital Satisfaction

This study aims to test the hypothesis that marital communication moderates the relationship between marital conflict resolution (predictor) and marital satisfaction (criterion) after controlling for marital stability and sexual relationship among heterosexual married individuals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. The results of the present study fully support the hypothesis that marital communication moderates the relationship between marital conflict resolution and marital satisfaction. Therefore, marriage counselors or other professionals working in marriage counseling must place a high priority on marital communication as an essential tool for marital conflict resolution and developing and maintaining a long-lasting satisfying marital relationship among married individuals.

Mediation as an option under alternative dispute resolution: The case of Ghana

The paper carries out a detailed discussion on mediation as one of the options under the Alternative Dispute Resolution mechanism in Ghana. It looks at the historical basis and its connection with the culture and tradition of the people as well as the legal framework for the practice of Mediation. It also looks at issues of jurisdiction, capacity, and role of the court system. On the whole, the paper indicates that mediation in Ghana is regulated by law, founded on the basis of consensus by parties; agreements or awards out of mediations are binding, final, and enforceable. The paper indicates that mediation is deeply rooted in the customary laws and usages of the people as their foremost mode of conflict resolution mechanism before the introduction of the formal court system and litigation. Notwithstanding, mediation is ever-present as a tool for conflict resolution in every Ghanaian home and community of people.

Worldview Analysis as a Tool for Conflict Resolution

When we survey the current theoretical landscape, we find two distinct approaches to the analysis of worldviews. The systemic approach centers on responses to fundamental worldview questions (aka “big questions”); the cognitive‐behavioral approach focuses on the processes that give rise to behaviors that express worldviews. If we think of worldviews as subjective representations of the environment, that is, subjective “worlds,” we can think of the first approach as a means of eliciting, documenting, and comparing “worlds‐made” and the second as a framework for understanding the nonconscious processes of “world‐making.” It is not clear, however, how the two approaches are related. If human answers to the fundamental worldview questions are simply reflective additions to underlying cognitive processes, we would anticipate that worldview conflicts could be resolved relatively easily. If the implicit answers are embedded in nonconscious processes that are presupposed by various ways of life, we would expect that the process of resolving conflicts would be much more complex. An evolutionary approach, which views world‐making as an evolved capacity, not only suggests that the latter is the case, but also offers a way to integrate the two approaches. If, as an evolutionary approach would suggest, all mobile organisms must implicitly answer basic, species‐appropriate versions of the big questions in order to survive, then we can integrate the two approaches by defining worldviews in terms of simplified big questions that allow for both proximate and ultimate answers. This allows us to embed the systemic framework in an agent‐based cognitive‐behavioral process grounded in the everyday life and behavior of humans and other animals. The article is divided into three parts. The first demonstrates how we can use simplified versions of the big questions to integrate the systemic and cognitive‐behavioral approaches, ground the big questions in ways of life, and shift between systemic and agent‐based perspectives. The second offers more refined analytic concepts—modes, scale, and scope—for characterizing this dynamic, multilevel approach to worldviews. The third offers several comparisons to illustrate the benefits of this more‐nuanced approach in the context of conflict resolution.

Mapping the Spatial Distribution of Fibrillar Polymorphs in Human Brain Tissue.

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder defined by the progressive formation and spread of fibrillar aggregates of Aβ peptide and tau protein. Polymorphic forms of these aggregates may contribute to disease in varying ways since different neuropathologies appear to be associated with different sets of fibrillar structures and follow distinct pathological trajectories that elicit characteristic clinical phenotypes. The molecular mechanisms underlying the spread of these aggregates in disease may include nucleation, replication, and migration all of which could vary with polymorphic form, stage of disease, and region of brain. Given the linkage between mechanisms of progression and distribution of polymorphs, mapping the distribution of fibrillar structures in situ has the potential to discriminate between mechanisms of progression. However, the means of carrying out this mapping are limited. Optical microscopy lacks the resolution to discriminate between polymorphs in situ, and higher resolution tools such as ssNMR and cryoEM require the isolation of fibrils from tissue, destroying relevant spatial information. Here, we demonstrate the use of scanning x-ray microdiffraction (XMD) to map the locations of fibrillar polymorphs of Aβ peptides and tau protein in histological thin sections of human brain tissue. Coordinated examination of serial sections by immunohistochemistry was used to aid in the interpretation of scattering patterns and to put the observations in a broader anatomical context. Scattering from lesions in tissue shown to be rich in Aβ fibrils by immunohistochemistry exhibited scattering patterns with a prototypical 4.7 Å cross-β peak, and overall intensity distribution that compared well with that predicted from high resolution structures. Scattering from lesions in tissue with extensive tau pathology also exhibited a 4.7 Å cross-β peak but with intensity distributions that were distinct from those seen in Aβ-rich regions. In summary, these observations demonstrate that XMD is a rich source of information on the distribution of fibrillar polymorphs in diseased human brain tissue. When used in coordination with neuropathological examination it has the potential to provide novel insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying disease.

Toward Conflict Resolution with Deep Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning

Safety in air traffic management at the tactical level is ensured by human controllers. Automatic detection and resolution tools are one way to assist controllers in their tasks. However, the majority of existing methods do not account for factors that can affect the quality and efficiency of resolutions. Furthermore, future challenges such as sustainability and the environmental impact of aviation must be tackled. In this work, we propose an innovative approach to pairwise conflict resolution, by modeling it as a multi-agent reinforcement learning to improve the quality of resolutions based on a combination of several factors. We use multi-agent deep deterministic policy gradient to generate resolution maneuvers. We propose a reward function that besides solving the conflicts attempts to optimize the resolutions in terms of time, fuel consumption, and airspace complexity. The models are evaluated on real traffic, with a data augmentation technique utilized to increase the variance of conflict geometries. We achieve promising results with a resolution rate of 93%, without the agents having any previous knowledge of the dynamics of the environment. Furthermore, the agents seem to be able to learn some desirable behaviors such as preferring small heading changes to solve conflicts in one time step. Nevertheless, the nonstationarity of the environment makes the learning procedure nontrivial. We argue ways that tangible qualities such as resolution rate and intangible qualities such as resolution acceptability and explainability can be improved.

Clinical and sex-therapeutic interventions based on the mobile application S-ON in patients with sexual dysfunction

S-ON is an online sex therapy and a modern method of clinical intervention for sexual and couple life optimization as well as for female and male sexual dysfunctions treatment. S-ON is an important tool in sexual disorders evaluation, testing and resolution. At the same time, this technique has proven effective in sex education as well as in interactions with other long-distance sexual partners, with the help of the internet, software and advanced technology. In short, the S-ON method we propose in treating sexual dysfunctions and in optimizing intimate and couples' lives is advanced, scientifically validated and readily available to anyone. Keywords: sexual dysfunction, S-ON, sex-therapy.

Homework in a bi-national family: The mobilisation of others in resolving language-related epistemic issues

This study adopts a conversation analytic approach to present a close analysis of the sequential organisation of a parent-child homework activity in a Swedish-English bi-national family. Families formed within migration contexts are increasingly common in an ever-globalised world, but current research has not fully investigated how parent-child homework practices are affected by parents who possess differing levels of expertise in the societal language. This article examines a number of episodes where the progressivity of a homework activity is halted due to language-related epistemic issues. More specifically, these halts in progressivity are caused due to the homework tasks being written in Swedish in combination with the English mother's lack of language expertise in Swedish. The episodes exemplify how these epistemic deadlocks are resolved through the mobilisation of a more knowledgeable party, the Swedish father, who orients to translation as a trouble resolution tool which facilitates epistemic progression and the progressivity of the homework activity.

European Small Claims Procedure in the realm of the other European proceedings

In this article, the European Small Claims Procedure will be analysed in the context of the other European procedures, namely Brussels I bis Regulation (Regulation (EU) No 1215/2012), European Enforcement Order Procedure, European Payment Order Procedure and Consumer ODR Procedure. The aim of each procedure, their benefits for users and drawbacks are compared in order to establish the areas in which the European Small Claims Procedure can be improved or modified contributing better towards the development of more efficient and user-friendly European Union civil proceedings system. Results of the SCAN | Small Claims Analysis Network consortium studies of the application of the ESCP are used as a basis of this article. The article among other issues will cover premises to introduce seamlessly integrated dispute resolution methods and tools in the European Small Claims procedure such as early-diagnostics, negotiations, mediation, etc. in order to create a pyramid-shaped dispute resolution system so that only the disputes that cannot be resolved by using other tools would be channeled to the adjudicative stage.

Beating swords into plowshares and spears into pruning-hooks: Transforming the traditional media of communication from drivers of conflict to instruments for peace and security: Examples from Hakamat singers in Sudan’s Darfur

The Hakamats, a group of traditional women singers and poets from Darfur, Western Sudan, contributed greatly to fueling the decade old Darfur conflict using their traditional war songs and poetry. Using the same instrument to appeal to the ego and romanticisms of their male counterparts they also blocked several proposed peace initiatives. Through education and advocacy, they now sing for peace; a clear case of beating swords into plowshares and spears into pruning-hooks. This study examines the factors that influenced the Hakamats’ choice to promote war and conflict rather than peace and peaceful co-existence, and the motivation that sustained that momentum. The focus is on how they were convinced to abandon an old-time traditional role and embrace the search for sustainable peace in an area they held sway for a long time. The study is based on series of workshops, sensitization campaigns and personal interviews with some women Hakamats. The data generated from the workshops and interviews was critically examined using content analysis. The findings show that economic benefits and, the quest for societal recognition greatly influenced and sustained the Hakamats’ choice of trade, motivation, and activities. The study recommends that a new set of value system and other means of economic survival for the Hakamat are an imperative in order for the transformation to be sustainable. It also recommends the deployment of traditional media as a very critical tool for conflict resolution.

An efficient line-based approach for resolving merge conflicts in XMI-based models

Conflicts in software artefacts can appear during collaborative development through version control systems. When these conflicts happen in XMI models, the conflict sections generated by diff programs break the XMI serialisation and compromise the ability to use model editors that assume well-formedness of this serialisation. While these conflict sections already mark the conflicting lines of the model, current tools for conflict resolution in models ignore them and instead load the different versions of a model from the repository, over which they perform a full and costly comparison that re-identifies the conflicts. We present a novel approach that prevents this repetition of work by directly parsing XMI-based models with conflict sections, which allows for a targeted analysis of only the lines of the model that have been detected to be in conflict by the version control system. We have implemented this approach in the Peacemaker tool, which can load XMI models with conflict sections, compute and display conflicts at the model level, and provide appropriate resolution actions. Compared with state-of-the-art model comparison tools with support for conflict resolution, Peacemaker is able to identify the vast majority of conflicts in models while reducing the required time by up to 60%. The small subset of non-identified conflicts does not introduce issues into the models, e.g. there is no loss of model information, and the resulting models after line-merging these conflicts conform to their metamodels.

Federalism As a Tool for Ethnic Conflict Resolution: A Case Study of Iraq

Due to ethnic, linguistic and cultural diversities, there is potential for ethnic conflicts and ethnic tensions in community, but the emergence and occurrence of ethnic conflicts depend on the state's approach to managing or suppressing ethnic, linguistic, and cultural variations. Federalism is one of the most important mechanisms that governments adopt to manage ethnic, linguistic and cultural diversities. But the function of federalism in reducing ethnic conflicts is not necessarily positive, and in some cases, it has led to an escalation of ethnic conflicts. Accordingly, the central question is to examine whether federalism is a system to resolve or reduce ethnic conflicts? With an emphasis on ethnic conflicts in Iraq. The research hypothesis is that federalism, through the creation of bureaucratic structures, the development of political parties, the identification, and acceptance of cultural and linguistic commonalities, will restrict and reduce ethnic violence and conflict but not necessarily ethnic protest.
 
 Received: 26 December 2021 / Accepted: 28 February 2022 / Published: 5 March 2022