Resolution X-ray Imaging Research Articles

Vacuum-filtration fabrication of copper-based halide scintillation screen for high-resolution X-ray imaging

Zero-dimensional (0D) organic-inorganic Cu(I)-based halides have garnered significant attention due to their low toxicity, efficient emission, and moderate fabrication conditions. However, the challenge remains in developing stable and efficient 0D hybrid Cu(I)-based halides for effective X-ray imaging. In this study, a yellow-emitting 0D hybrid copper halide, (ETPP)2Cu2I4 (Ethyl triphenylphosphonium, ETPP), was successfully synthesized via a slow evaporation method. This compound demonstrated an impressive steady-state light yield of 23,200 photons/MeV under X-ray radiation and an ultralow detection limit of 150.9 nGyair s−1, approximately 35 times lower than the standard medical examination dosage. Utilizing a vacuum-filtration method, we fabricated a flexible film that outperforms traditional methods and achieved an exceptional X-ray imaging resolution of 16.0 lp/mm. This study introduces a novel approach to fabricating high-performance X-ray imaging scintillators based on 0D Cu-based halides, showcasing excellent scintillation performance and stability for non-destructive testing.

High-Throughput Growth of Armored Perovskite Single Crystal Fibers for Pixelated Arrays.

The poor machinability of halide perovskite crystals severely hampered their practical applications. Here a high-throughput growth method is reported for armored perovskite single-crystal fibers (SCFs). The mold-embedded melt growth (MEG) method provides each SCF with a capillary quartz shell, thus guaranteeing their integrality when cutting and polishing. Hundreds of perovskite SCFs, exemplified by CsPbBr3, CsPbCl3, and CsPbBr2.5I0.5, with customized dimensions (inner diameters of 150-1000µm and length of several centimeters), are grown in one batch, with all the SCFs bearing homogeneity in shape, orientation, and optical/electronic properties. Versatile assembly protocols are proposed to directly integrate the SCFs into arrays. The assembled array detectors demonstrated low-level dark currents (< 1nA) with negligible drift, low detection limit (< 44.84nGys-1), and high sensitivity (61147µCGy-1cm-2). Moreover, the SCFs as isolated pixels are free of signal crosstalk while showing uniform X-ray photocurrents, which is in favor of high spatial resolution X-ray imaging. As both MEG and the assembly of SCFs involve none sophisticated processes limiting the scalable fabrication, the strategy is considered to meet the preconditions of high-throughput productions.

Uncovering the First AGN Jets with AXIS

Jets powered by AGN in the early Universe (z≳6) have the potential to not only define the evolutionary trajectories of the first-forming massive galaxies but to enable the accelerated growth of their associated SMBHs. Under typical assumptions, jets could even rectify observed quasars with light seed formation scenarios; however, not only are constraints on the parameters of the first jets lacking, observations of these objects are scarce. Owing to the significant energy density of the CMB at these epochs capable of quenching radio emission, observations will require powerful, high angular resolution X-ray imaging to map and characterize these jets. As such, AXIS will be necessary to understand early SMBH growth and feedback. This White Paper is part of a series commissioned for the AXIS Probe Concept Mission; additional AXIS White Papers can be found at the AXIS website.

Optically stimulated luminescence properties of In-doped CsBr transparent ceramics

0.01, 0.1, 0.5, and 1% In-doped CsBr transparent ceramics were synthesized by the spark plasma sintering method. Their photoluminescence and optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) properties were evaluated. All the samples showed transparency with transmittances of 40–60%. Luminescence due to 3P1–1S0 transitions of In + appeared at 500 nm. OSL emission peaks were confirmed at 500 nm upon constant stimulation light at 630 nm. A 0.1% In-doped sample showed the highest OSL intensities in prepared samples and the dose-response relationship was linear from 0.01 to 1000 mGy. The spatial resolution of X-ray images was confirmed from 5.00 LP/mm by using OSL of a 0.1% In-doped sample.

Ocean acidification significantly alters the trace element content of the kelp, Saccharina latissima

Seaweeds are ecosystem engineers that can serve as habitat, sequester carbon, buffer ecosystems against acidification, and, in an aquaculture setting, represent an important food source. One health issue regarding the consumption of seaweeds and specifically, kelp, is the accumulation of some trace elements of concern within tissues. As atmospheric CO2 concentrations rise, and global oceans acidify, the concentrations of elements in seawater and kelp may change. Here, we cultivated the sugar kelp, Saccharina latissima under ambient (~400 μatm) and elevated pCO2 (600–2400 μatm) conditions and examined the accumulation of trace elements using x-ray powder diffraction, sub-micron resolution x-ray imaging, and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Exposure of S. latissima to higher concentrations of pCO2 and lower pH caused a significant increase (p < 0.05) in the iodine and arsenic content of kelp along with increased subcellular heterogeneity of these two elements as well as bromine. The iodine-to‑calcium and bromine-to‑calcium ratios of kelp also increased significantly under high CO2/low pH (p < 0.05). In contrast, high CO2/low pH significantly reduced levels of copper and cadmium in kelp tissue (p < 0.05) and there were significant inverse correlations between concentrations of pCO2 and concentrations of cadmium and copper in kelp (p < 0.05). Changes in copper and cadmium levels in kelp were counter to expected changes in their free ionic concentrations in seawater, suggesting that the influence of low pH on algal physiology was an important control on the elemental content of kelp. Collectively, these findings reveal the complex effects of ocean acidification on the elemental composition of seaweeds and indicate that the elemental content of seaweeds used as food must be carefully monitored as climate change accelerates this century.

Growth of ultimate high-density scintillating films for high-resolution X-ray imaging at synchrotrons

Scintillators are X-ray to visible light converters applied in X-ray imaging detectors used at synchrotrons. Drastically improved performances of the 4th generation synchrotron sources enable us to perform X-ray imaging experiments at higher energies. For high spatial resolution X-ray imaging (micrometer to submicrometer), thin scintillating films are required. Consequently, especially for high X-ray energies (30keV to 100keV), the detection efficiency is limited due to the low X-ray absorption efficiency of the thin films. We have used Liquid Phase Epitaxy (LPE) to grow thin films of one of the ultimate high-density materials, Lu2Hf2O7:Eu3+, which demonstrate scintillating properties and thus combine high spatial resolution and maximized absorption efficiency. X-ray imaging experiments demonstrate that the Modulation Transfer Function (MTF) reaches 10% at 900 lp/mm, and radiographs visually confirm the promising imaging properties. We present structural, luminescent, and scintillation characterization of Lu2Hf2O7:Eu thin films grown on ZrO2:Y substrates, showing that the films crystallize in the disordered fluorite structure and the europium ions incorporate into the structure and enhance the luminescence intensity. This contribution is a first step toward developing promising ultra-dense, hafnate-based scintillating screens for high spatial resolution X-ray imaging.

Novel transparent NaLu2F7:Tb3+ glass-ceramics scintillator for highly resolved X-ray imaging

Due to the rapid advancements in medical radiography, nondestructive inspection, and radiation detection, there is an increasing demand for scintillators that offer both cost-effectiveness and high-resolution X-ray imaging. In this study, we have successfully synthesized transparent glass-ceramic scintillator by embedding Tb3+-doped NaLu2F7 nanocrystals in a glass matrix. This scintillator demonstrates excellent spatial resolution of 20 lp/mm in X-ray imaging due to its high transmittance (over 90% at 550 nm) and intense luminescent intensity when excited by X-ray (151% higher than that of the Bi4Ge3O12 scintillator). More significantly, the as-synthesized scintillator exhibits exceptional stabilities at high temperature, moisture levels, and moderate radiation exposure. Notably, any decline in performance caused by long-term exposure to high-dose X-ray can be fully recovered through heat treatment at 350 °C for 30 min. These findings highlight the great potential of NaLu2F7:Tb3+ glass ceramics as suitable options for high-resolution and retrievable X-ray imaging.

Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence (TADF)-active Coinage-metal Sulfide Clusters for High-resolution X-ray Imaging.

The study of facile-synthesis and low-cost X-ray scintillators with high light yield, low detection limit and high X-ray imaging resolution plays a vital role in medical and industrial imaging fields. However, the optimal balance between X-ray absorption, decay lifetime and excitonic utilization efficiency of scintillators to achieve high-resolution imaging is extremely difficult due to the inherent contradiction. Here two thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF)-actived coinage-metal clusters M6 S6 L6 (M=Ag or Cu) were synthesized by simple solvothermal reaction, where the cooperation of heavy atom-rich character and TADF mechanism supports strong X-ray absorption and rapid luminescent collection of excitons. Excitingly, Ag6 S6 L6 (SC-Ag) displays a high photoluminescence quantum yield of 91.6 % and scintillating light yield of 17420 photons MeV-1 , as well as a low detection limit of 208.65 nGy s-1 that is 26 times lower than the medical standard (5.5 μGy s-1 ). More importantly, a high X-ray imaging resolution of 16 lp/mm based on SC-Ag screen is demonstrated. Besides, rigid core skeleton reinforced by metallophilicity endows clusters M6 S6 L6 strong resistance to humidity and radiation. This work provides a new view for the design of efficient scintillators and opens the research door for silver clusters in scintillation application.

The high energy X-ray probe (HEX-P): sensitive broadband X-ray observations of transient phenomena in the 2030s

HEX-P is a probe-class mission concept that will combine high spatial resolution X-ray imaging (&lt;10′′ FWHM) and broad spectral coverage (0.2–80 keV) with an effective area superior to NuSTAR above 10 keV to enable revolutionary new insights into a variety of astrophysical problems, especially those related to compact objects, accretion and outflows. HEX-P will launch at a time when the sky is being routinely scanned for transient gravitational wave, electromagnetic and neutrino phenomena that will require the capabilities of a sensitive, broadband X-ray telescope for follow up studies. These include the merger of compact objects such as neutron stars and black holes, stellar explosions, and the birth of new compact objects. A response time to target of opportunity observation requests of &lt;24 hours and a field of regard of 3π steradians will allow HEX-P to probe the accretion and ejecta from these transient phenomena through the study of relativistic outflows and reprocessed emission, provide unique capabilities for understanding jet physics, and potentially revealing the nature of the central engine.

The high energy X-ray probe (HEX-P): magnetars and other isolated neutron stars

The hard X-ray emission from magnetars and other isolated neutron stars remains under-explored. An instrument with higher sensitivity to hard X-rays is critical to understanding the physics of neutron star magnetospheres and also the relationship between magnetars and Fast Radio Bursts (FRBs). High sensitivity to hard X-rays is required to determine the number of magnetars with hard X-ray tails, and to track transient non-thermal emission from these sources for years post-outburst. This sensitivity would also enable previously impossible studies of the faint non-thermal emission from middle-aged rotation-powered pulsars (RPPs), and detailed phase-resolved spectroscopic studies of younger, bright RPPs. The High Energy X-ray Probe (HEX-P) is a probe-class mission concept that will combine high spatial resolution X-ray imaging (&lt;5 arcsec half-power diameter (HPD) at 0.2–25 keV) and broad spectral coverage (0.2–80 keV) with a sensitivity superior to current facilities (including XMM-Newton and NuSTAR). HEX-P has the required timing resolution to perform follow-up observations of sources identified by other facilities and positively identify candidate pulsating neutron stars. Here we discuss how HEX-P is ideally suited to address important questions about the physics of magnetars and other isolated neutron stars.

The High Energy X-ray Probe (HEX-P): probing accretion onto stellar mass black holes

Accretion is a universal astrophysical process that plays a key role in cosmic history, from the epoch of reionization to galaxy and stellar formation and evolution. Accreting stellar-mass black holes in X-ray binaries are one of the best laboratories to study the accretion process and probe strong gravity—and most importantly, to measure the angular momentum, or spin, of black holes, and its role as a powering mechanism for relativistic astrophysical phenomena. Comprehensive characterization of the disk-corona system of accreting black holes, and their co-evolution, is fundamental to measurements of black hole spin. Here, we use simulated data to demonstrate how key unanswered questions in the study of accreting stellar-mass black holes will be addressed by the High Energy X-ray Probe (HEX-P). HEX-P is a probe-class mission concept that will combine high spatial resolution X-ray imaging and broad spectral coverage (0.2–80 keV) with a sensitivity superior to current facilities (including XMM-Newton and NuSTAR) to enable revolutionary new insights into a variety of important astrophysical problems. We illustrate the capability of HEX-P to: 1) measure the evolving structures of black hole binary accretion flows down to low (≲ 0.1%) Eddington-scaled luminosities via detailed X-ray reflection spectroscopy; 2) provide unprecedented spectral observations of the coronal plasma, probing its elusive geometry and energetics; 3) perform detailed broadband studies of stellar mass black holes in nearby galaxies, thus expanding the repertoire of sources we can use to study accretion physics and determine the fundamental nature of black holes; and 4) act as a complementary observatory to a range of future ground and space-based astronomical observatories, thus providing key spectral measurements of the multi-component emission from the inner accretion flows of black hole X-ray binaries.

The high energy X-ray probe (HEX-P): Resolving the nature of Sgr A* flares, compact object binaries and diffuse X-ray emission in the Galactic center and beyond

HEX-P is a probe-class mission concept that will combine high spatial resolution X-ray imaging (&lt;10″ FWHM) and broad spectral coverage (0.2–80 keV) with an effective area far superior to current facilities’ (including XMM-Newton and NuSTAR). These capabilities will enable revolutionary new insights into a variety of important astrophysical problems. We present scientific objectives and simulations of HEX-P observations of the Galactic Center (GC) and Bulge. We demonstrate the unique and powerful capabilities of the HEX-P observatory for studying both X-ray point sources and diffuse X-ray emission. HEX-P will be uniquely equipped to explore a variety of major topics in Galactic astrophysics, allowing us to 1) investigate broad-band properties of X-ray flares emitted from the supermassive black hole (BH) at Sgr A* and probe the associated particle acceleration and emission mechanisms; 2) identify hard X-ray sources detected by NuSTAR and determine X-ray point source populations in different regions and luminosity ranges; 3) determine the distribution of compact object binaries in the nuclear star cluster and the composition of the Galactic Ridge X-ray emission; 4) identify X-ray transients and measure fundamental parameters such as black hole spin; 5) find hidden pulsars in the Galactic Center; 6) search for BH–OB binaries and hard X-ray flares from young stellar objects in young massive clusters; 7) measure white dwarf (WD) masses of magnetic CVs to deepen our understanding of CV evolution and the origin of white dwarf magnetic fields; 8) explore primary particle accelerators in the GC in synergy with future TeV and neutrino observatories; 9) map out cosmic-ray distributions by observing non-thermal X-ray filaments; 10) explore past X-ray outbursts from Sgr A* through X-ray reflection components from giant molecular clouds.

The high energy X-ray probe (HEX-P): probing the physics of the X-ray corona in active galactic nuclei

The hard X-ray emission in active galactic nuclei (AGN) and black hole X-ray binaries is thought to be produced by a hot cloud of electrons referred to as the corona. This emission, commonly described by a power law with a high-energy cutoff, is suggestive of Comptonization by thermal electrons. While several hypotheses have been proposed to explain the origin, geometry, and composition of the corona, we still lack a clear understanding of this fundamental component. NuSTAR has been playing a key role improving our knowledge of X-ray coronæ thanks to its unprecedented sensitivity above 10 keV. However, these constraints are limited to bright, nearby sources. The High Energy X-ray Probe (HEX-P) is a probe-class mission concept combining high spatial resolution X-ray imaging and broad spectral coverage (0.2–80 keV) with a sensitivity superior to current facilities. In this paper, we highlight the major role that HEX-P will play in further advancing our insights of X-ray coronæ notably in AGN. We demonstrate how HEX-P will measure key properties and track the temporal evolution of coronæ in unobscured AGN. This will allow us to determine their electron distribution and test the dominant emission mechanisms. Furthermore, we show how HEX-P will accurately estimate the coronal properties of obscured AGN in the local Universe, helping address fundamental questions about AGN unification. In addition, HEX-P will characterize coronæ in a large sample of luminous quasars at cosmological redshifts for the first time and track the evolution of coronæ in transient systems in real time. We also demonstrate how HEX-P will enable estimating the coronal geometry using spectral-timing techniques. HEX-P will thus be essential to understand the evolution and growth of black holes over a broad range of mass, distance, and luminosity, and will help uncover the black holes’ role in shaping the Universe.

Phase-engineering compact and flexible CsPbBr3 microcrystal films for robust X-ray detection.

All-inorganic CsPbBr3 perovskites have gained significant attention due to their potential in direct X-ray detection. The fabrication of stable, pinhole-free thick films remains challenging, hindering their integration in durable, large-area high-resolution devices. In this study, we propose a facile strategy using a non-conductive polymer to create a flexible, compact thick film under ambient conditions. Furthermore, we investigate the effect of introducing the 2D CsPb2Br5 phase into CsPbBr3 perovskite crystals on their photophysical properties and charge transport. Upon X-ray exposure, the devices consisting of the dual phase exhibit improved stability and more effective operation at higher voltages. Rietveld refinement shows that, due to the presence of the second phase, local distortions and Pb-vacancies are introduced within the CsPbBr3 lattice. This in turn presumably increases the ion migration energy barrier, resulting in a very low dark current and hence, enhanced stability. This feature might benefit local charge extraction and, ultimately, the X-ray image resolution. These findings also suggest that introducing a second phase in the perovskite structure can be advantageous for efficient photon-to-charge carrier conversion, as applied in medical imaging.

Co-doped modified LiLuF4:Eu microcrystalline scintillator-based flexible film for high resolution X-ray imaging

Herein, Gd3+ co-doping has been found to improve the scintillation properties of LiLuF4:Eu microcrystals (MCs). And the film based on LiLuF4:Eu,Gd MCs exhibits outstanding imaging performance with a high spatial resolution of 14.8 LP mm−1.

CTS—A new X-ray facility for imaging and tomography @ XlabF

X-ray based techniques are widely used in the world. However, high interactions between radiation and matter causes a not so easy radiation handling by optical devices. In the last 30 years, the studies concerning novel advanced material have fostered the development of several solutions for more efficient X-ray setup, necessary to perform high spatial resolution analysis in spectroscopy as well as for imaging techniques applied in Medicine/Pharmacology, Cultural Heritage, Geology and Environment, Electronics, Aerospace, etc.Recent results (principally in three main fields, such as high resolution X-ray Imaging, micro X-Spectroscopy and micro Tomography) obtained at XLab-Frascati (XlabF) were previously discussed while very recently, a new experimental setup, dedicated for High Resolution X-ray Imaging and μ-Tomography, was developed as a part of Italian Premiale project, called ”Computed Tomography Station” (CTS). This apparatus is equipped with a micro-focusing source (5μm on the anode), high precision mechanics and high-resolution CCD detector (10.4μm per pixel), so as through the phase retrieval technique, we can reach the estimated resolution of less than 1μm. The CTS experimental setup was commissioned ad the beginning of 2023 and it is already ready to be opened for internal and external users.In this work, we will show the last results concerning our new experimental setup, related to the analysis of a glass capillary, with different geometrical distances, and two organic samples entrapped in matrix amber. Starting from these results, the next step is to use modern polycapillary optics as a grating interferometric hexagonal matrix for a better phase-contrast resolution.

Robust Organogel Scintillator for Self-healing and Ultra-flexible X-ray Imaging.

Metal halide scintillators serve as promising candidates for X-ray detection due to their high attenuation coefficients, high light yields, and low-cost solution-processable characteristics. However, the issues of humidity/thermal quenching and mechanical fragility, remain obstacles to the broad and diversified development of metal halide scintillators. Here, this work reports a lead-free, water-stable, stretchable, and self-healing (ethylenebis-triphenylphosphonium manganese (II) bromide (C38H34P2)MnBr4 organogel scintillator that meets X-ray imaging in complex scenarios. The robust organogel scintillator can be stretched with elongation up to 1300% while maintaining the scintillation properties. Activated by the dynamic hydrogen bonds and coordination bonds design, the organogel scintillator exhibits excellent self-healing properties at room temperature to alleviate the vignetting problem of the rigid scintillator films, the X-ray imaging resolution can reach 16.7 lp mm-1. The organogel scintillator can also realize flexible and self-healing X-ray imaging in water, providing a design path for portable devices in harsh conditions.

The high energy X-ray probe (HEX-P): Galactic PeVatrons, star clusters, superbubbles, microquasar jets, and gamma-ray binaries

HEX-P is a probe-class mission concept that will combine high spatial resolution X-ray imaging (&lt;10″ FWHM) and broad spectral coverage (0.2–80 keV) with an effective area far superior to current facilities (including XMM-Newton and NuSTAR) to enable revolutionary new insights into a variety of important astrophysical problems. With the recent discoveries of over 40 ultra-high-energy gamma-ray sources (detected above 100 TeV) and neutrino emission in the Galactic Plane, we have entered a new era of multi-messenger astrophysics facing the exciting reality of Galactic PeVatrons. In the next decade, as more Galactic PeVatrons and TeV gamma-ray sources are expected to be discovered, the identification of their acceleration and emission mechanisms will be the most pressing issue in both particle and high-energy astrophysics. In this paper, along with its companion papers, we will present that HEX-P is uniquely suited to address important problems in various cosmic-ray accelerators, including Galactic PeVatrons, through investigating synchrotron X-ray emission of TeV–PeV electrons produced by both leptonic and hadronic processes. For Galactic PeVatron candidates and other TeV gamma-ray sources, HEX-P can fill in a large gap in the spectral-energy distributions (SEDs) of many objects observed in radio, soft X-rays, and gamma rays, constraining the maximum energies to which electrons can be accelerated, with implications for the nature of the Galactic PeVatrons and their contributions to the spectrum of Galactic cosmic rays beyond the knee at ∼3 PeV. In particular, X-ray observation with HEX-P and TeV observation with CTAO will provide the most powerful multi-messenger diagnostics to identify Galactic PeVatrons and explore a variety of astrophysical shock mechanisms. We present simulations of each class of Galactic TeV–PeV sources, demonstrating the power of both the imaging and spectral capabilities of HEX-P to advance our knowledge of Galactic cosmic-ray accelerators. In addition, we discuss HEX-P’s unique and complementary roles to upcoming gamma-ray and neutrino observatories in the 2030s.

The High Energy X-ray Probe (HEX-P): supernova remnants, pulsar wind nebulae, and nuclear astrophysics

HEX-P is a probe-class mission concept that will combine high spatial resolution X-ray imaging (&lt;10″ full width at half maximum) and broad spectral coverage (0.2–80 keV) with an effective area far superior to current facilities (including XMM-Newton and NuSTAR) to enable revolutionary new insights into a variety of important astrophysical problems. HEX-P is ideally suited to address important problems in the physics and astrophysics of supernova remnants (SNRs) and pulsar wind nebulae (PWNe). For shell SNRs, HEX-P can greatly improve our understanding via more accurate spectral characterization and localization of non-thermal X-ray emission from both non-thermal-dominated SNRs and those containing both thermal and non-thermal components, and can discover previously unknown non-thermal components in SNRs. Multi-epoch HEX-P observations of several young SNRs (e.g., Cas A and Tycho) are expected to detect year-scale variabilities of X-ray filaments and knots, thus enabling us to determine fundamental parameters related to diffusive shock acceleration, such as local magnetic field strengths and maximum electron energies. For PWNe, HEX-P will provide spatially-resolved, broadband X-ray spectral data separately from their pulsar emission, allowing us to study how particle acceleration, cooling, and propagation operate in different evolution stages of PWNe. HEX-P is also poised to make unique and significant contributions to nuclear astrophysics of Galactic radioactive sources by improving detections of, or limits on, 44Ti in the youngest SNRs and by potentially discovering rare nuclear lines as evidence of double neutron star mergers. Throughout the paper, we present simulations of each class of objects, demonstrating the power of both the imaging and spectral capabilities of HEX-P to advance our knowledge of SNRs, PWNe, and nuclear astrophysics.

Yellow Emissive CsCu2I3 Nanocrystals Induced by Mn2+ for High-Resolution X-ray Imaging.

Recently, low-dimensional copper(I)-based perovskite or derivatives have gained extensive attention in scintillator applications because of their environmental friendliness and good stabilities. However, the unsatisfactory scintillation performance and complex fabrication processes hindered their practical applications. Herein, efficient yellow emissive CsCu2I3 nanocrystals (NCs) were successfully prepared via a simple Mn2+-assisted hot-injection method. The added Mn2+ effectively induced the phase transformation from Cs3Cu2I5 to CsCu2I3, leading to the preparation of single-phase CsCu2I3 NCs with few defects and a high fluorescence performance. The as-prepared "optimal CsCu2I3 NCs" exhibited superior photoluminescence (PL) performance with a record-high PL quantum yield (PLQY) of 61.9%. The excellent fluorescence originated from the radiative recombination of strongly localized one-dimension (1D) self-trapped excitons (STEs), which was systematically investigated via the wavelength-dependent PL excitation, PL emission, and temperature-dependent PL spectra. These CsCu2I3 NCs also exhibited outstanding X-ray scintillation properties with a high light yield (32000 photons MeV-1) and an ultralow detection limit (80.2 nGyair s-1). Eventually, the CsCu2I3 NCs scintillator film achieved an ultrahigh (16.6 lp mm-1) spatial resolution in X-ray imaging. The CsCu2I3 NCs also exhibited good stabilities against X-ray irradiation, heat, and environmental storage, indicating their great application potential in flexible X-ray detection and imaging.