Resolution Of Identity Research Articles

A Pan-African Convection-Permitting Regional Climate Simulation with the Met Office Unified Model: CP4-Africa

Abstract A convection-permitting multiyear regional climate simulation using the Met Office Unified Model has been run for the first time on an Africa-wide domain. The model has been run as part of the Future Climate for Africa (FCFA) Improving Model Processes for African Climate (IMPALA) project, and its configuration, domain, and forcing data are described here in detail. The model [Pan-African Convection-Permitting Regional Climate Simulation with the Met Office UM (CP4-Africa)] uses a 4.5-km horizontal grid spacing at the equator and is run without a convection parameterization, nested within a global atmospheric model driven by observations at the sea surface, which does include a convection scheme. An additional regional simulation, with identical resolution and physical parameterizations to the global model, but with the domain, land surface, and aerosol climatologies of CP4-Africa, has been run to aid in the understanding of the differences between the CP4-Africa and global model, in particular to isolate the impact of the convection parameterization and resolution. The effect of enforcing moisture conservation in CP4-Africa is described and its impact on reducing extreme precipitation values is assessed. Preliminary results from the first five years of the CP4-Africa simulation show substantial improvements in JJA average rainfall compared to the parameterized convection models, with most notably a reduction in the persistent dry bias in West Africa, giving an indication of the benefits to be gained from running a convection-permitting simulation over the whole African continent.

Method for Heterogeneous Identification Peer-to-peer Resolution Technology of IoT Based on Block Chain

In IoT-related technologies, because of the lack of a unified standard, there are various identity types and coexist of many resolution services which cannot interconnect with each other, prone to single-point failure, single point of control and so on, cannot make full use of IoT resources, limiting the rapid development of the IoT. In order to solve the above problems, many scholars put forward solutions of decomposing the single resolution service into multi-root, and design new identity resolution to solve the heterogeneous identification. However, these solutions ignored the fundamental problem of data synchronization between nodes due to architecture change. This paper explores a peer-to-peer resolution service architecture based on block chain, makes full use of its consensus mechanism and trust feature to ensure the consistency of Common Mapping Table, and design the heterogeneous identity peer-to-peer resolution service. At last, through the experimental data of consistency conflicting indicators, the peer-to-peer resolution service based on block chain can effectively solve the problem of data consistency in distributed architecture, guarantee the correctness of data.

Negative body talk measures for Asian, Latina(o), and White women and men: Measurement equivalence and associations with ethnic-racial identity

Negative body talk measures have been developed with predominantly White, female samples. We tested measurement invariance (equivalence) of two available negative body talk scales for Asian, Latina(o), and White college women and men in the U.S. In Study 1 (n = 1501 women; n = 1436 men), multiple group confirmatory factor analyses indicated scalar (strong) invariance across groups for the Negative Body Talk (Engeln-Maddox, Salk, & Miller, 2012) and Male Body Talk (Sladek, Engeln, & Miller, 2014) scales, suggesting these measures can be used to test mean group differences. Ethnic group comparisons adjusting for body mass index (BMI) showed similarities overall; few differences that emerged had small effect sizes. In Study 2 (n = 227 women; n = 141 men), greater ethnic-racial identity resolution was associated with less frequent negative body talk for Latina and Asian women but more frequent muscularity-focused negative body talk for Asian men, adjusting for BMI.

Genome-wide comparisons reveal a clinal species pattern within a holobenthic octopod-the Australian Southern blue-ringed octopus, Hapalochlaena maculosa (Cephalopoda: Octopodidae).

The southern blue‐ringed octopus, Hapalochlaena maculosa (Hoyle, 1883) lacks a planktonic dispersal phase, yet ranges across Australia's southern coastline. This species’ brief and holobenthic life history suggests gene flow might be limited, leaving distant populations prone to strong genetic divergence. This study used 17,523 genome‐wide SNP loci to investigate genetic structuring and local adaptation patterns of H. maculosa among eight sampling sites along its reported range. Within sites, interrelatedness was very high, consistent with the limited dispersal of this taxon. However, inbreeding coefficients were proportionally lower among sites where substructuring was not detected, suggesting H. maculosa might possess a mechanism for inbreeding avoidance. Genetic divergence was extremely high among all sites, with the greatest divergence observed between both ends of the distribution, Fremantle, WA, and Stanley, TAS. Genetic distances closely followed an isolation by geographic distance pattern. Outlier analyses revealed distinct selection signatures at all sites, with the strongest divergence reported between Fremantle and the other Western Australian sites. Phylogenetic reconstructions using the described sister taxon H. fasciata (Hoyle, 1886) further supported that the genetic divergence between distal H. maculosa sites in this study was equivalent to that of between established heterospecifics within this genus. However, it is advocated that taxonomic delineations within this species should be made with caution. These data indicate that H. maculosa forms a clinal species pattern across its geographic range, with gene flow present through allele sharing between adjacent populations. Morphological investigations are recommended for a robust resolution of the taxonomic identity and ecotype boundaries of this species.

Contesting Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity at the UN Human Rights Council

Norm entrepreneurs have made significant strides in advancing sexual orientation and gender identity (SOGI) resolutions at the UN Human Rights Council. However, these advancements are being fiercely contested. This paper examines the development of SOGI at the Council including how states advocate for and contest SOGI and the extent to which their positions are mutable. Resolution 32/2 of 2016, which created an independent expert, is the central focus of the paper. Participant interviews and content analysis of documents and statements are used to provide an in-depth analysis of how states advocate their positions on SOGI. The paper finds that framing is the primary tool used by states. Both proponents and opponents of SOGI believe their own positions are universal and adhere to prior international law, while their opponents’ positions are relativist and revisionist. The paper further finds that deadlock on SOGI resolutions is imminent until Member States’ domestic legislation changes.

Longitudinal sound waves in a collisionless, quasineutral plasma

The time evolution of slow sound waves in a homogeneous, collisionless and quasineutral plasma, in particular their Landau damping, is investigated using the kinetic-magnetohydrodynamics formulation of Ramos (J. Plasma Phys. vol. 81, 2015 p. 905810325; vol. 82, 2016 p. 905820607). In this approach, the electric field is eliminated from a closed, hybrid fluid-kinetic system that ensures automatically the fulfilment of the charge neutrality condition. Considering the time dependence of a spatial-Fourier-mode linear perturbation with wavevector parallel to the equilibrium magnetic field, this can be cast as a second-order self-adjoint problem with a continuum spectrum of real and positive squared frequencies. Therefore, a conventional resolution of the identity with a continuum basis of singular normal modes is guaranteed, which simplifies significantly a Van Kampen-like treatment of the Landau damping. The explicit form of such singular normal modes is obtained, along with their orthogonality relations. These are used to derive the damped time evolution of the fluid moments of solutions of initial-value problems, for the most general kinds of initial conditions. The non-zero parallel electric field is not used explicitly in this analysis, but it is calculated from any given solution after the later has been obtained.

Immune Responses – Transcriptional and Post-Transcriptional Networks Pass the Baton

Diverse gene regulatory mechanisms impact on immune homeostasis, and a new model now emerges as fundamental in light of recent genome-wide studies. In this picture, transcriptional networks drive functional changes during immune activation, whereas autoregulatory feedback loops of post-transcriptional programs ensure the original cell lineage identity and subsequent immune resolution.

Ethnic socialization and ethnic identity development among internationally adopted Korean American adolescents: A seven-year follow-up.

The relationship between ethnic socialization by parents, peers, and ethnic identity development was examined over a 7-year time span in a sample of 116 internationally adopted Korean American adolescents. Parent report data was collected in 2007 (Time 1 [T1]) when the adopted child was between 7 and 13 years old and again in 2014 at ages 13 to 20 years old (Time 2 [T2]). Adolescent report data also was collected in 2014. We examined differences in parent and adolescent reports of parental ethnic socialization at T2, changes in parent reports of ethnic socialization from T1 to T2, and the relationship among ethnic socialization by parents at T1 and T2, ethnic socialization by peers at T2, and ethnic identity exploration and resolution at T2. Results indicated parents reported higher levels of parental ethnic socialization than adolescents did at T2. Parent reports of parental ethnic socialization also decreased between childhood and adolescence. Adolescents reported higher parental ethnic socialization than peer ethnic socialization at T2. Path analysis demonstrated positive indirect pathways among parental ethnic socialization at T1, parental ethnic socialization and peer ethnic socialization at T2, and ethnic identity exploration and ethnic identity resolution at T2. The study highlights the cultural experiences of transracial, transnational adopted individuals, the role of both parents and peers in ethnic socialization and ethnic identity development, and the importance of longitudinal and multi-informant methodology. (PsycINFO Database Record

Про зображення алгебр, породжених скінченним розкладом одиниці та набором ортогональних проекторів

Про зображення алгебр, породжених скінченним розкладом одиниці та набором ортогональних проекторів

A Universal Intervention Program Increases Ethnic-Racial Identity Exploration and Resolution to Predict Adolescent Psychosocial Functioning One Year Later.

Ethnic-racial identity formation represents a key developmental task that is especially salient during adolescence and has been associated with many indices of positive adjustment. The Identity Project intervention, which targeted ethnic-racial identity exploration and resolution, was designed based on the theory that program-induced changes in ethnic-racial identity would lead to better psychosocial adjustment (e.g., global identity cohesion, self-esteem, mental health, academic achievement). Adolescents (N =215; Mage =15.02, SD =.68; 50% female) participated in a small-scale randomized control trial with an attention control group. A cascading mediation model was tested using pre-test and three follow-up assessments (12, 18, and 67 weeks after baseline). The program led to increases in exploration, subsequent increases in resolution and, in turn, higher global identity cohesion, higher self-esteem, lower depressive symptoms, and better grades. Results support the notion that increasing adolescents' ethnic-racial identity can promote positive psychosocial functioning among youth.

Resolution of the Identity and Cholesky Representation of EOM-MP2 Approximation: Implementation, Accuracy and Efficiency

We present a Resolution of Identity and Cholesky Decomposition Based Implementation of EOM-MP2 approximation. The RI and CD based EOM-MP2 shows significant speed-up and less storage requirement than the conventional canonical version and can be applied to very large systems. The new algorithm used for this implementation eliminates the most storage requiring four-index quantities resulting in the decrease of storage requirement, reduction in I/O penalties and improved parallel performance, at the expense of more floating point operations. Therefore, the speed-up compared to conventional EOM-MP2 method is more prominent in case of EA, EE and SF case where the storage bottleneck is significant than the EOM-IP-MP2 method, where the storage requirement is significantly less. However, the RI/CD based EOM-IP-MP2 can be coupled with frozen natural orbitals to gain further speed-up. Synopsis: We present RI/CD implementation on EOM-MP2 method for computing IP, EA, EE and SF target electronic states of molecules. The RI/CD implementation results in speed-up in computational time and reduction in storage requirements without much compromise on accuracy, thereby widening the applicability of the method to molecules of bigger computional size.

Two-dimensional active raypath separation using examination of the roots of the spectrum polynomial.

The application of the root multiple signal classification algorithm for raypath separation was motivated by the dramatic reduction in processing time of the multiple-signal classification algorithm. However, the algorithm provides classification only in the direction of the arrival domain and fails to separate raypaths arriving at the array with similar directions of arrival. Moreover, for many applications in shallow water (such as ocean acoustic tomography and active sonar), the emitted signal is known and can be used as a priori information to improve the resolution. Thus, in this study, a two-dimensional active wideband classification algorithm is developed using the examination of the roots of the spectrum polynomial in the angle versus time domain. A two-step strategy is developed to enable extension to the two-dimensional case. The results of simulations confirm that the proposed algorithm achieves almost identical resolution as the existing two-dimensional algorithms while offering a significant reduction in computation time.

Evaluation of tomographic image quality of extended and conventional parallel hole collimators using maximum likelihood expectation maximization algorithm by Monte Carlo simulations.

One of the major problems associated with parallel hole collimators (PCs) is the trade-off between their resolution and sensitivity. To solve this problem, a novel PC - namely, extended parallel hole collimator (EPC) - was proposed, in which particular trapezoidal denticles were increased upon septa on the side of the detector. In this study, an EPC was designed and its performance was compared with that of two PCs, PC35 and PC41, with a hole size of 1.5 mm and hole lengths of 35 and 41 mm, respectively. The Monte Carlo method was used to calculate the important parameters such as resolution, sensitivity, scattering, and penetration ratio. A Jaszczak phantom was also simulated to evaluate the resolution and contrast of tomographic images, which were produced by the EPC6, PC35, and PC41 using the Monte Carlo N-particle version 5 code, and tomographic images were reconstructed by using maximum likelihood expectation maximization algorithm. Sensitivity of the EPC6 was increased by 20.3% in comparison with that of the PC41 at the identical spatial resolution and full-width at tenth of maximum here. Moreover, the penetration and scattering ratio of the EPC6 was 1.2% less than that of the PC41. The simulated phantom images show that the EPC6 increases contrast-resolution and contrast-to-noise ratio compared with those of PC41 and PC35. When compared with PC41 and PC35, EPC6 improved trade-off between resolution and sensitivity, reduced penetrating and scattering ratios, and produced images with higher quality. EPC6 can be used to increase detectability of more details in nuclear medicine images.

Stochastic Formulation of the Resolution of Identity: Application to Second Order Møller-Plesset Perturbation Theory.

A stochastic orbital approach to the resolution of identity (RI) approximation for 4-index electron repulsion integrals (ERIs) is presented. The stochastic RI-ERIs are then applied to second order Møller-Plesset perturbation theory (MP2) utilizing a multiple stochastic orbital approach. The introduction of multiple stochastic orbitals results in an O(NAO3) scaling for both the stochastic RI-ERIs and stochastic RI-MP2, NAO being the number of basis functions. For a range of water clusters we demonstrate that this method exhibits a small prefactor and observed scalings of O(Ne2.4) for total energies and O(Ne3.1) for forces (Ne being the number of correlated electrons), outperforming MP2 for clusters with as few as 21 water molecules.

Explicitly correlated N-electron valence state perturbation theory (NEVPT2-F12).

In this work, explicitly correlated second order N-electron valence state perturbation theory (NEVPT2-F12) has been derived and implemented for the first time. The NEVPT2-F12 algorithm presented here is based on a fully internally contracted wave function and includes the correction of semi-internal excitation subspaces. The algorithm exploits the resolution of identity (RI) approximation to improve the computational efficiency. The overall O(N5) scaling of the computational effort is documented. In Sec. III, the dissociation processes of diatomic molecules and the singlet-triplet gap of several systems are studied. For all relative energies studied in this work, the errors with respect to the complete basis set (CBS) limit for the NEVPT2-F12 method are within 1 kcal/mol. For moderately sized active spaces, the computational cost of a RI-NEVPT2-F12 correlation energy calculation for each root is comparable to a closed-shell RI-MP2-F12 calculation on the same system.

Arbitrary Angular Momentum Electron Repulsion Integrals with Graphical Processing Units: Application to the Resolution of Identity Hartree-Fock Method.

A resolution of identity based implementation of the Hartree-Fock method on graphical processing units (GPUs) is presented that is capable of handling basis functions with arbitrary angular momentum. For practical reasons, only functions up to (ff|f) angular momentum are presently calculated on the GPU, thus leaving the calculation of higher angular momenta integrals on the CPU of the hybrid CPU-GPU environment. Speedups of up to a factor of 30 are demonstrated relative to state-of-the-art serial and parallel CPU implementations. Benchmark calculations with over 3500 contracted basis functions (def2-SVP or def2-TZVP basis sets) are reported. The presented implementation supports all devices with OpenCL support and is capable of utilizing multiple GPU cards over either MPI or OpenCL itself.

Ethnic Identity, Life Satisfaction, and Depressive Symptoms of Mexican Descent Adolescents: Self-Esteem as a Mediating Mechanism

The present study investigates the mediating role of self-esteem and the moderating role of gender in the relationship between ethnic identity components (i.e., exploration, resolution, affirmation) and depressive symptoms and life satisfaction. Participants were 294 Mexican descent adolescents (55.4% female) ages 14 to 18 years ( M = 15.27 years; SD = 1.00 years). A mediated multigroup path analysis was conducted. The final model indicated that self-esteem is a potential mediator between ethnic identity affirmation and resolution with depressive symptoms and life satisfaction due to significant indirect relationships. The full model achieved acceptable model fit. Ethnic identity exploration was not significantly related to self-esteem, and no gender differences were present in the model. This study helps those working with Mexican descent youth come to a better understanding of self-esteem as a potential mechanism through which ethnic identity is related to psychological functioning (i.e., life satisfaction and depressive symptoms). Implications for practice and suggestions for future directions are discussed.

Efficient DLPNO-CCSD(T)-Based Estimation of Formation Enthalpies for C-, H-, O-, and N-Containing Closed-Shell Compounds Validated Against Critically Evaluated Experimental Data.

An accurate and cost-efficient methodology for the estimation of the enthalpies of formation for closed-shell compounds composed of C, H, O, and N atoms is presented and validated against critically evaluated experimental data. The computational efficiency is achieved through the use of the resolution-of-identity (RI) and domain-based local pair-natural orbital coupled cluster (DLPNO-CCSD(T)) approximations, which results in a drastic reduction in both the computational cost and the number of necessary steps for a composite quantum chemical method. The expanded uncertainty for the proposed methodology evaluated using a data set of 45 thoroughly vetted experimental values for molecules containing up to 12 heavy atoms is about 3 kJ·mol-1, competitive with those of typical calorimetric measurements. For the compounds within the stated scope, the methodology is shown to be superior to a representative, more general, and widely used composite quantum chemical method, G4.

Dispersion-Corrected Spin-Component-Scaled Double-Hybrid Density Functional Theory: Implementation and Performance for Non-covalent Interactions.

The implementation of 300 combinations of generalized gradient approximation/local density approximation exchange-correlation dispersion-corrected spin-component-scaled double-hybrid (DSD) density functional theory (DFT) methods has been carried out and the performance assessed against several DFT and post-Hartree-Fock methods, enabling further advancements toward the long-standing challenge of accurate prediction of interaction energies and associated properties. The resulting framework is flexible and has been further extended to include the resolution of identity (RI) approximation for solving the critical four-center two-electron repulsion integrals in the basis of the Kohn-Sham orbitals for cost effectiveness. To evaluate the performance of this set of new cost-effective methods, denoted as RI-DSD-DFTs, seven validation data sets were designed to cover a broad range of non-covalent interactions with characteristic stabilizing contributions. Inclusion of the perturbative treatment of correlation effects is shown to significantly improve the description of weak interactions. The set of DSD-DFTs provide interaction energies with root-mean-square deviations and mean absolute errors within 0.5 kcal/mol. The cost-effective RI-DSD-DFT counterparts deviate by less than 0.18 kcal/mol on average with only 2% of the computational cost.

Friends' cultural orientation as a mediator between familial ethnic socialization and ethnic identity among Mexican-origin adolescent girls.

Research has indicated that ethnic identity protects ethnic minority youth on various indicators of adjustment, but there is a dearth of research pertaining to contextual influences on ethnic identity. Our study investigated how familial ethnic socialization and best friend's orientation toward Mexican culture influenced ethnic identity among Mexican-origin girls. Using a 3-wave longitudinal sample of 175 Mexican-origin adolescent girls (Mage = 13.75), the current study examined best friend's Mexican cultural orientation as a mediator between familial ethnic socialization and ethnic identity with structural equation modeling. Multigroup analyses were conducted to examine potential age and generational status differences within the model. Analyses revealed that familial ethnic socialization promoted ethnic identity exploration and resolution 3.5 years later and that this effect was mediated by best friend's Mexican cultural orientation. No significant differences were found across age or generational status groups. Our study highlights the contribution of peer context to ethnic identity and its role in the process by which familial ethnic socialization influences ethnic identity during adolescence. (PsycINFO Database Record