Field Resistance Research Articles

Inheritance of Resistance to Cry1A.105 in Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae).

Simple SummaryThe corn earworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), is a target pest of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) cotton and maize in North America. This pest has evolved resistance to both Bt crops in the United States, which is a significant threat to their sustainable use for H. zea control. Cry1A.105 is a Bt toxin commonly used in commercial transgenic maize hybrids to control above-ground caterpillar pests, such as H. zea. The aim of this study is to describe the inheritance of Cry1A.105 resistance in H. zea. Genetic-cross studies revealed that the resistance to Cry1A.105 is controlled by a single, autosomal, nonrecessive gene. Data generated from the study will be useful in resistance risk assessment and refining Bt resistance mitigation programs for H. zea control.Cry1A.105 is a bioengineered Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) insecticidal protein consisting of three domains derived from Cry1Ac, Cry1Ab, and Cry1F. It is one of the two pyramided Bt toxins expressed in the MON 89034 event, a commonly planted Bt maize trait in the Americas. Recent studies have documented that field resistance of the corn earworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), to the Cry1A.105 toxin in maize plants has become widespread in the United States. To investigate the inheritance of resistance to Cry1A.105 in H. zea, two independent tests, each with various genetic crosses among susceptible and Cry1A.105-resistant populations, were performed. The responses of these susceptible, resistant, F1, F2, and backcrossed insect populations to Cry1A.105 were assayed using a diet overlay method. The bioassays showed that the resistance to Cry1A.105 in H. zea was inherited as a single, autosomal, nonrecessive gene. The nonrecessive nature of the resistance could be an important factor contributing to the widespread resistance of maize hybrids containing Cry1A.105 in the United States. The results indicate that resistance management strategies for Bt crops need to be refined to ensure that they are effective in delaying resistance evolution for nonrecessive resistance (nonhigh dose).

Selection of winter soft wheat for resistance to brown rust

The article presents the results of the phytopathological test and marker analysis of the selection material of winter wheat for resistance to the pathogen of brown rust (Puccinia recondita Rob. ex Desm f. sp. tritici.). The object of research was 10 cultivars of various ecological and geographical origin. Using molecular markers, the studied wheat varieties did not reveal the highly and partially effective genes Lr9, Lr19/Sr25, Lr24/Sr24, Lr41 and Lr47 in Russia, and the ineffective gene Lr20/Sr1. The combination of the Lr34 gene with ineffective genes can provide an increase in the level of field resistance of wheat varieties. In the variety type Leaf 25, the age-related resistance gene Lr37 is assumed to be partially effective in Russia. This type of stability is characterized by a longer latent period, a decrease in the number of pustules per unit leaf surface, their size and the number of spores in the pustule. According to the results of a comprehensive assessment of winter wheat cultivars to brown rust, the following cultivars showed a stable reaction type (R): Zhiva (Lr1, Lr3, Lr10, Lr26, Lr34) and Leaf 25 (Lr1, Lr3, Lr37;); a susceptible reaction type (S) in Malvina cultivars -(Lr1, Lr26;), Solara (Lr1, Lr34), Etude - Lr3. Genes in various combinations can provide field resistance of winter wheat to brown rust. Most cultivars were moderately susceptible to the disease.

Underground transient electromagnetic real-time imaging system for coal mine water disasters

Due to advantageous sensitivity to low resistance and noncomplicated operation, transient electromagnetic methods are the most widely used geophysical methods for advanced detection of coal-mining-disaster water bodies. To realize real-time imaging, we developed a wireless antenna attitude angle measuring instrument based on an electronic compass, which measures antenna attitude angle real-time. According to attitude angle information sent through WiFi to the host of transient electromagnetic real-time imager instruments, current transmission, signal acquisition, and antenna rotation angle information are achieved for real-time imaging. We studied the direct algorithm of the apparent resistivity of the whole-space transient electromagnetic field in overlapping loop mode based on double-logarithmic-transform piecewise least-squares fitting, which not only ensures accuracy but also accelerates calculation. On-site detection was carried out in a coal mine, and the detection results are generally consistent with the drilling results.

Effect of Hull Cleaning on Electrical Resistance and Anodic Fields of Direct‐Current Electrofishing Boats

AbstractIn 2011, the Iowa Department of Natural Resources began standardization of its direct‐current electrofishing boats, including development of a standard operating procedures document. After publication of standard methods for sampling freshwater fishes by the American Fisheries Society, the Iowa Department of Natural Resources incorporated these standards into its standard operating procedures. Literature and references about maintaining electrofishing equipment were lacking. One aspect of equipment maintenance is hull cleanliness when the hull is metal and serves as the cathode. The cathode affects system resistance and overall performance of the electrofishing equipment. Four boats were used to measure system resistance and changes in the electrical fields after cleaning the cathodes. Boat electrofishing field intensity was measured pre‐ and postcleaning. Boat cathodes were cleaned 25, 50, and 100% of the length of the hull using a wire wheel attached to an angle grinder. Based on our results, 100% of the cathode should be cleaned when standardized resistance (R100, system resistance when ambient water conductivity is 100 μS/cm) increases 10% above baseline values. Baseline R100 values for the four boats in this study were between 25 and 30 Ω. The R100 value is a quality‐control indicator of electrofisher performance.

Genetic Relationship of Brassicaceae Hybrids with Various Resistance to Blackleg Is Disclosed by the Use of Molecular Markers.

Brassica napus is an important oil source. Its narrow gene pool can be widened by interspecific hybridization with the Brassicaceae species. One of the agronomically important traits, that can be transferred through the hybridization, is the resistance to blackleg, a dangerous disease mainly caused by Leptosphaeria maculans. Hybrid individuals can be analyzed with various molecular markers, including Simple Sequence Repeats (SSR). We investigated the genetic similarity of 32 Brassicaceae hybrids and 19 parental components using SSR markers to reveal their genetic relationship. Furthermore, we compared the field resistance to blackleg of the interspecific progenies. The tested set of 15 SSR markers proved to be useful in revealing the genetic distances in the Brassicaceae hybrids and species. However, genetic similarity of the studied hybrids could not be correlated with the level of field resistance to L. maculans. Moreover, our studies confirmed the usefulness of the Brassicaceae hybrids in terms of blackleg management.

High Temporal Variability in Late Blight Pathogen Diversity, Virulence, and Fungicide Resistance in Potato Breeding Fields: Results from a Long-Term Monitoring Study.

Long-term site-specific studies describing changes in the phenotypic variability of Phytophthora infestans populations allow quantitative predictions of pathogen spread and possible outbreaks of epidemics, and provide key input for regional resistance breeding programs. Late blight samples were collected from potato (Solanum tuberosum) breeding fields in Estonia during a twelve-year study period between 2001 and 2014. In total, 207 isolates were assessed for mating type and 235 isolates for metalaxyl resistance and 251 isolates for virulence factors. The frequency of mating types strongly fluctuated across the years, whereas the later period of 2010–2014 was dominated by the A2 mating. Despite fluctuations, both mating types were recorded in the same fields in most years, indicating sustained sexual reproduction of P. infestans with oospore production. Metalaxyl-resistant and intermediately resistant strains dominated in the first years of study, but with the progression of the study, metalaxyl-sensitive isolates became dominant, reaching up to 88%. Racial diversity, characterized by normalized Shannon diversity index decreased in time, varying from 1.00 in 2003 to 0.43 in 2013. The frequency of several virulence factors changed in a time-dependent manner, with R2 increasing and R6, R8, and R9 decreasing in time. Potato cultivar resistance background did not influence the frequency of P. infestans mating type, response to metalaxyl, and racial diversity. However, the diversity index decreased in time among isolates collected from resistant and susceptible cultivars, and remained at a high level in moderately resistant cultivars. These data demonstrate major time-dependent changes in racial diversity, fungicide resistance, and virulence factors in P. infestans, consistent with alterations in the control strategies and popularity of potato cultivars with different resistance.

Mapping of stem rot resistance in peanut indicates significant effect for plant architecture locus

AbstractStem rot, caused by the Sclerotium rolfsii, imposes severe yield losses in peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.) worldwide. Breeding for resistance is challenging because not enough is known about mechanisms for resistance. The goals of this study were to (a) evaluate the field resistance of recombinant inbred lines derived from a resistant × susceptible cross, (b) associate quantitative loci (QTLs), and (c) reveal potential mechanisms for resistance. Lines were inspected during 3 yr in field conditions. Plants were manually inoculated and rated for three parameters: disease level, number of damaged plants/center, and disease power. Significant effects were found for the lines and the environment in all three parameters. Heritability and year‐to‐year correlations were highly significant, suggesting a consistent response of the lines to the stem rot pressure. Quantitative trait loci mapping was performed based on a previously constructed genetic map. Overall, 20 significant QTLs were found for the resistance parameters, concentrating in four locations on chromosomes A07, A03, B03, and B05. Out of the four loci, three were reported in previous studies with different genetic backgrounds suggesting a wide effect. The B05 QTL was the strongest, with the phenotypic variation explained of 11.6–21.7%. Interestingly, this QTL is colocalized with a previously identified major locus for branching habit trait. An additional field trial performed on 14 lines found a significant branching habit effect, wherein bunch‐types lines were more resistant than spreading‐types, suggesting that plant architecture can be a possible factor influencing the infection rate of S. rolfsii on the field level.

Sex-specific behavioral, neurobiological, and cardiovascular responses to chronic social stress in mice.

Psychosocial stress promotes and links mood and cardiovascular disorders in a sex-specific manner. However, findings in animal models are equivocal, in some cases opposing human dimorphisms. We examined central nervous system (CNS), behavioral, endocrine, cardiac, and hepatic outcomes in male or female C57Bl/6 mice subjected to chronic social stress (56 days of social isolation, with intermittent social confrontation encounters twice daily throughout the final 20 days). Females exhibited distinct physiological and behavioral changes, including relative weight loss, and increases in coronary resistance, hepatic inflammation, and thigmotaxic behavior in the open field. Males evidence reductions in coronary resistance and cardiac ischemic tolerance, with increased circulating and hippocampal monoamine levels and emerging anhedonia. Shared CNS gene responses include reduced hippocampal Maoa and increased Htr1b expression, while unique responses include repression of hypothalamic Ntrk1 and upregulation of cortical Nrf2 and Htr1b in females; and repression of hippocampal Drd1 and hypothalamic Gabra1 and Oprm in males. Declining cardiac stress resistance in males was associated with repression of cardiac leptin levels and metabolic, mitochondrial biogenesis, and anti-inflammatory gene expression. These integrated data reveal distinct biological responses to social stress in males and females, and collectively evidence greater biological disruption or allostatic load in females (consistent with propensities to stress-related mood and cardiovascular disorders in humans). Distinct stress biology, and molecular to organ responses, emphasize the importance of sex-specific mechanisms and potential approaches to stress-dependent disease.

I-V Characteristics Modeling of the Carbon Nanotube Field Effect Transistor (CNTFET)

Abstract: A simulation model of a zig-zag type (10.0) single-walled carbon-nanotube (SW-CNT) transistor based on virtual source (VS-CNTFET) approach is presented in this paper. This semi-empirical physics-based model allowed the study of current-voltage (I-V) characteristics of the transistor. Additionally, analytical modeling of reflection coefficient, electron mobility in the CNT with low and high electric field and parasitic resistances (Rs and Rd) were presented as well in this model. Then, the obtained I-V characteristics of this SW-CNTFET were explored and compared with literature data obtained experimentally. Results showed that this model was a different approach which is significant compared to the silicon model in terms of the carrier mobility, where µCNT = 104 cm2/Vs. Moreover, the impacts of some geometric parameters, such as CNT length and diameter as well as oxide permittivity on the I-V characteristics, were proved. Keywords: Carbon nanotube, Virtual source, CNTFET, Electron mobility, I-V characteristics.

Оценка гибридных образцов картофеля в селекционных питомниках в условиях северных регионов России

Abstract. The purpose of the research is to study hybrid potato samples according to a complex of economically valuable traits and identify promising ones for creating new highly productive varieties for cultivation in the conditions of the northern regions of the Russian Federation. Methods. The research was carried out on 7 populations of single-club hybrids provided by the All-Russian research institute of potato farming by A. G. Lorh, followed by selection in nurseries of single-club hybrids, second-year hybrids, preliminary and main tests. Observations, records and culling in each nursery were carried out according to the methodological recommendations on the technology of the potato breeding process. Results. As a result of a comprehensive assessment of potato samples in the nursery of the main test, a hybrid of 2193/4 – 41.1 t/ha and 38.6 t/ha was distinguished in the “early” group in terms of total and commercial yield, and a hybrid of 2247/2 – 40.1 and 38.5 t/ha in the “mid-early” group. 13 hybrids were selected for planting in 2022: 5 from the “early” group and 8 from the “mid-early” group, which will later be involved in the breeding process to create new potato varieties with early and medium-early ripening, high productivity and resistance to major diseases. about all the years of study on potato plantings, plant lesions with viral diseases, rhizoctoniosis and macrosporiosis were not detected, and late blight diseases were noted at the end of the growing season. The scientific novelty of the research consists in the creation of highly productive varieties that ensure stable high potato yields in the northern regions of the Russian Federation due to high adaptability and field resistance to the most dangerous diseases. The importance of solving this problem is due to the fact that most potato varieties zoned in the Northern region are insufficiently adapted to local conditions, the nature of which implies an increased stress load on potato plants during the growing season.

Inheritance of Apple (Malus × domestica (L.) Borkh) Resistance against Apple Scab (Venturia inaequalis (Cooke) Wint.) in Hybrid Breeding Material Obtained by Gene Pyramiding

Apple scab caused by the pathogenic fungus Venturia inaequalis causes significant damage to apples. The creation of apple-scab resistant varieties is considered an alternative to pesticide-based management. To evaluate R gene inheritance, 862 apple hybrid samples were analyzed and divided into populations depending on the resistance genes (Rvi6 and Rvi5) present in the parents’ genotypes and their combinations. The field evaluation was carried out in 2016–2018 using the international VINQUEST scab evaluation methodology, but the genes were identified using specific scab resistance-gene molecular markers. Parent plants were genotyped using 22 SSR markers. The study determined that the field resistance of apple scab is influenced not only by the resistance genes present in the genotype but also by the genetic background of the apple cultivar, the tree’s general health status and resistance to other diseases. It was found that the apple scab resistance genes Rvi6 (Vf) and Rvi5 (Vm) are inherited according to Mendelian laws, and when both genes are pyramided in offspring, they are inherited as separate genes. In general, the inheritance of both genes in the offspring is not a determining factor for apple field resistance, as field resistance to scab is influenced by a combination of several factors.

Photon Drag Currents and Terahertz Generation in α-Sn/Ge Quantum Wells.

We have fabricated α-Sn/Ge quantum well heterostructures by sandwiching nano-films of α-Sn between Ge nanolayers. The samples were grown via e-beam deposition and characterized by Raman spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, temperature dependence of electrical resistivity and THz time-resolved spectroscopy. We have established the presence of α-Sn phase in the polycrystalline layers together with a high electron mobility μ = 2500 ± 100 cm2 V−1 s−1. Here, the temperature behavior of the resistivity in a magnetic field is distinct from the semiconducting films and three-dimensional Dirac semimetals, which is consistent with the presence of linear two-dimensional electronic dispersion arising from the mutually inverted band structure at the α-Sn/Ge interface. As a result, the α-Sn/Ge interfaces of the quantum wells have topologically non-trivial electronic states. From THz time-resolved spectroscopy, we have discovered unusual photocurrent and THz radiation generation. The mechanisms for this process are significantly different from ambipolar diffusion currents that are responsible for THz generation in semiconducting thin films, e.g., Ge. Moreover, the THz generation in α-Sn/Ge quantum wells is almost an order of magnitude greater than that found in Ge. The substantial strength of the THz radiation emission and its polarization dependence may be explained by the photon drag current. The large amplitude of this current is a clear signature of the formation of conducting channels with high electron mobility, which are topologically protected.

Abnormal magnetoresistance effect in the Nb/Si superconductor–semiconductor heterojunction

Ultrathin superconducting Nb films of about 8 nm thick have been deposited on heavily doped Si substrates through DC magnetron sputtering and then the high-quality Nb/Si superconductor–semiconductor heterojunctions have been fabricated by electron beam lithography and reactive ion etching. An abnormal magnetoresistance effect, which manifests itself as a zero field resistance peak under a magnetic field applied perpendicular to the interface, has been distinctly observed when the Nb film is in the superconductiing state. By considering the heterojunction interface being equivalent to the structure of superconductor–barrier layer–superconductor configuration, we could generally understand this unusual effect based on the Andreev reflection mechanism. Our results can be of help for the future development on compatibility and scalability of the silicon-based nanoscale superconducting devices for integrated circuits and superconducting quantum electronics.

Large genomic deletion linked to field-evolved resistance to Cry1F corn in fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) from Florida

The fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) is a highly polyphagous lepidopteran pest of relevant food and fiber staple crops. In the Americas, transgenic corn and cotton producing insecticidal proteins from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) have controlled and reduced the damage caused by S. frugiperda. However, cases of field-evolved S. frugiperda resistance to Bt corn producing the Cry1F insecticidal protein have been documented in North and South America. When characterized, field resistance to Cry1F is linked to insertions and mutations resulting in a modified or truncated ABC transporter subfamily C2 (SfABCC2) protein that serves as Cry1F receptor in susceptible S. frugiperda. In this work, we present detection of a large genomic deletion (~ 8 kb) affecting the SfABCC2 and an ABC transporter gene subfamily 3 –like gene (SfABCC3) as linked to resistance to Cry1F corn in a S. frugiperda strain from Florida (FL39). Monitoring for this genomic deletion using a discriminatory PCR reaction in field-collected S. frugiperda moths detected individuals carrying this allele in Florida, but not in surrounding states. This is the first report of a large genomic deletion being involved in resistance to a Bt insecticidal protein.

RUST (GYMNOSPORANGIUM SABINAE (DICKS.) G. WINTER) RESISTANCE OF PEAR VARIETIES RELEASED IN BELARUS

The article presents preliminary results of an assessment of field resistance to rust (Gymnosporangium sabinae (Dicks.) G. Winter) of 27 pear varieties released in Belarus. The studies were conducted in 2017–2021 at RUE “Institute of Fruit Growing”. Differentiation of pear varieties according to the degree of rust resistance was revealed: highly resistant (Dessert Rossoshanskaya, Pamiati Yakovlev), medium resistant (Bere Loshitskaya, Viliya, etc.), low resistant (Bere Alexander Luka, Velesa, Duchesse summer, Conference, etc.) and very low resistant (Belarusian late).

Identification of field resistance to HPPD-inhibiting herbicides in wild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum)

AbstractThe control of multiple-resistant wild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum L.) populations in no-till Australian wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) crops has relied upon 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD)-inhibiting herbicides over the last decade. Two R. raphanistrum populations identified as putatively resistant to pyrasulfotole + bromoxynil in an initial large-scale screening trial were characterized and confirmed to be 5- to 8-fold (comparison of LD50 values) less sensitive than the susceptible control population to the HPPD inhibitor pyrasulfotole when plants were treated at the 4-leaf stage. The two pyrasulfotole-resistant populations exhibited up to 4-fold resistance to the coformulated herbicide mixture pyrasulfotole + bromoxynil and up to 9- and 11-fold cross-resistance to mesotrione and topramezone postemergence, respectively. A small-plot trial was conducted in the field from which of one of the populations suspected of resistance was originally collected. Pyrasulfotole + bromoxynil or topramezone + bromoxynil applied postemergence delivered reduced R. raphanistrum control (79% to 87%), whereas mesotrione applied preemergence was >99% effective. We report here the first case of field resistance to HPPD-inhibiting herbicides in R. raphanistrum, caused by 12 yr of continuous reliance on that mode of action. The mitigation of herbicide resistance in continuous no-till cropping requires a constant optimization of the herbicide technology via alternation and mixtures of multiple sites of action, use of preemergence herbicides, and ensuring postemergence herbicides are applied at the most sensitive plant growth stages.

Phytopathological assessment of winter triticale

The article presents the results of studies of the field resistance of winter triticale varieties to a number of diseases that have a significant impact on the formation of grain yield. It was established that varieties Talva 100, Kornet, Student had no signs of damage by ergot, powdery mildew. Talva 100 and Cornet were weakly affected by septoria, fusarium snow mold, and ear fusarium. Talva 100 and Student were moderately affected by leaf rust. Student variety in relation to the studied varieties was more affected by septoria and fusariosis of the ear.

Estimation results of the spring bread wheat varieties on disease resistance in the Kazan Research Center

In the Republic of Tatarstan, due to favorable soil-climatic and market conditions, spring wheat production is developed, but wheat grain yields are limited by a number of unfavorable factors, one of which is a spread of fungal diseases. At the same time, the pressure of pathogenic fungi makes it possible to carry out fruitful breeding work in Tatarstan on resistance to diseases, which is on of the main activity of the Kazan Research Center of the RAS. The purpose of the current study was to estimate ten new varieties for resistance to major fungal diseases. The study on resistance to leafy diseases, such as powdery mildew, stem rust, brown leaf rust, dark brown leaf blotch was carried out at a natural infectious background, to kernel smut on an artificial infectious background inoculating seeds with spores of kernel smut. The study was carried out between the years of 2017 and 2021. The analysis for the possible presence of stem rust resistance genes was performed by a PCR analysis. As a result of the study, there was found out that the varieties ‘Sto let TASSR’, ‘Balkysh’, ‘Khazine’, ‘Chistopolskaya’, ‘Bulyak’ had a complex resistance to all studied diseases. The variety ‘Sitara’ had a strong field resistance to powdery mildew and kernel smut. The variety ‘Barakat’ had a strong field resistance to powdery mildew and leaf rust. The variety ‘Nadira’ was moderately resistant to powdery mildew and dark brown leaf spot. The varieties ‘Ekada 265’ and ‘Ekada 282’ were highly resistant to local stem rust populations. The molecular genetic estimation of the stem rust resistant varieties of spring bread wheat ‘Chistopolskaya’, ‘Sto let TASSR’, ‘Balkysh’, ‘Ekada 282’ for the identification of effective Sr-genes has shown that their resistance is apparently regulated by the Sr31 gene.

Registration of two peanut recombinant inbred lines (TifGP‐5 and TifGP‐6) resistant to late leaf spot disease

AbstractLate leaf spot (LLS) disease is an omnipresent peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) foliar disease that causes significant yield loss. Integrating host resistance to reduce yield loss and management costs from this disease is highly desirable. In addition to disease resistance, market demand for high‐oleic peanut is on the rise due to its improved oxidative stability and health benefits. Previously, a recombinant inbred population from Florida‐07 × GP‐NC WS 16 (crossing number C1801) segregating for both LLS resistance and high oleic traits was used to perform genetic mapping for LLS resistance by quantitative trait loci (QTL)‐seq analysis. Three QTL regions on chromosomes B03, A05, and B05 were identified, and Kompetitive allele‐specific polymerase chain reaction markers flanking these regions were validated through a field test on genotypically selected sister lines. Two recombinant inbred lines, TifGP‐5 (Reg. no. GP‐246, PI 700330) and TifGP‐6 (Reg. no. GP‐247, PI 700331), with top levels of field resistance to LLS, were selected from this population for release. Both lines possess the resistance alleles of all the genetic markers. One line has high oleic acid content, and the other is normal oleic. Releasing these recombinant inbred lines packaged with molecular markers provides the peanut‐breeding community with genetic resources that can be utilized through marker‐assisted breeding.

Genetic diversity analysis of winter wheat accessions of different geographical origins by PCA

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to analyze expression of morphological and agronomic valuable traits in winter wheat in the Left-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine; to select valuable accessions; and to evaluate the winter wheat collection depending on the region of origin by PCA.
 Materials and methods. The material for the research were 177 varieties of winter wheat of varieties from 20 countries, including 69 varieties of different research institutions of Ukraine. The collection included modern commercial varieties and breeding lines. Differentiation of samples was carried out on the following traits: field winter hardiness, earing date, plant height, field resistance to Septoria spp., waxiness of flag leaf, width of flag leaf, yield components (ear length, spikelet number, number of grains and their weight from ear) and thousand grains weight (TGW). The research was carried out by visual surveys in the field conditions in accordance with the recommendations and measurements of plant parts after bringing to an air-dry state.
 Results and discussion.Significant variation was found for all studied traits, the coefficient of variation was more than 10%, which indicates a medium and high level of diversity of the studied samples. The analysis of genotype assessment using the principal components analysis method was performed and the differential traits by geographical origin was established – field winter hardiness, field resistance to Septoria spp. and the earing date. All the above-mentioned traits are adaptive traits and determine the prospects for the using of varieties in breeding programs as sources of valuable traits. It should be noted that the weather conditions of 2020-2021 vegetation year were atypical (excessive moisture in the spring − 135 mm).
 Conclusions: The results of the study identified samples that can be used in crossing combinations of as a source of valuable traits. The 37 samples of different origin with high (above 8 points) field winter hardiness and 40 samples with high resistance to leaf septoria were identified. Varieties that combined high winter hardiness and resistance to Septoria − Bogdana and Podilska Nyva (Ukraine), breeding line 653.1.5 (Estonia), Augustina (Belarus), Duplet (Russia). Using the principal component analysis and the approach of visualization of its results (PCA biplot) is a convenient tool for sampling of different origins and creating a collection of source material.