Resistin Levels In Patients Research Articles

Increased serum resistin levels in patients with coronary slow-flow phenomenon

Slow coronary flow (SCF) is an angiographic finding characterized by delayed opacification of the epicardial coronary arteries without obstructive coronary disease. Resistin, an adipocytokine, plays a major role besides low-grade inflammation in atherosclerotic vascular processes and may be of importance in other coronary pathologies such as SCF. The present study was cross-sectional and observational, consisting of 70individuals who underwent coronary angiography and had angiographically normal coronary arteries of varying coronary flow rates. The study included 50patients with isolated SCF and 20 control participants with normal coronary flow (NCF). There were no statistically significant differences between the SCF and NCF groups with respect to age, gender, presence of hypertension or diabetes mellitus, and smoking habit, except for increased creatinine levels (p = 0.014). The serum resistin level was significantly higher in the SCF group than in the NCF group (8.4 ± 7.2 vs. 5.4 ± 2.6ng/ml, p = 0.014). Ln-transformed resistin levels correlated positively with left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery TIMI frame count (TFC) (r = 0.408, p < 0.001) as well as with glucose (r = 0.340, p = 0.004), creatinine (r = 0.248, p = 0.044), and C-reactive protein (CRP; r = 0.283, p = 0.023) levels, and negatively with LAD coronary flow velocity (r = - 0.314, p = 0.009). When multivariate analyses were performed, in linear regression analysis, ln-resistin was associated with a longer TFC [beta (standardized regression coefficient): 0.404, p = 0.001] and lower coronary flow velocity (beta: - 0.280, p = 0.035); in logistic regression analysis, ln-resistin was an independent predictor of the presence of SCF (OR: 6.692, 65 %CI: 1.117-40.1, p = 0.037). We demonstrated, for the first time, a significant increase in serum resistin levels in patients with SCF compared to subjects with NCF. We believe that further studies are needed to clarify the role of resistin in patients with SCF.

Resistin level in coronary artery disease and heart failure

The aim of this study was to evaluate resistin levels in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) with or without chronic heart failure, in order to define its independent predictor. One hundred and seven outpatients with CAD were enrolled in the study and divided into three groups: CAD without left-ventricular systolic dysfunction (group 1); CAD with left-ventricular dysfunction without heart failure symptoms (group 2); CAD with overt heart failure (group 3). Plasma resistin was determined by ELISA. Resistin progressively increased from group 1 (10.7±5.0 ng/ml) to groups 2 (11.8±5.8 ng/ml) and 3 (17.0±6.8 ng/ml), with the difference reaching statistical significance in group 3 versus groups 1 and 2 (P=0.001). A multivariable model of analysis demonstrated that the best predictor of plasma resistin level was the estimated glomerular filtration rate (P<0.001), indicating that reduction of kidney function was the main cause of the adipokine increase observed in patients with CAD and overt heart failure. Our data confirm the rise of resistin plasma levels previously described in patients affected by chronic heart failure; however, in our study, this relationship seemed to be mediated mainly by the level of kidney function, and only partially by the severity of ventricular dysfunction.

Serum adipokine profiles in Kawasaki disease

Adipokines are cytokines derived from adipose tissue. Recently it has been established that adipokines are closely linked to the pathophysiology of not only metabolic diseases, such as diabetes mellitus, obesity, and atherosclerosis, but also to inflammation and immune diseases. In this study we measured serum levels of adipokines in patients with acute Kawasaki disease to investigate the role of adipokines in the pathophysiology of Kawasaki disease. Serum resistin, high-molecular-weight (HMW) adiponectin, leptin, and visfatin levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in a total of 117 subjects: 56 patients with acute Kawasaki disease, 30 healthy children, and 31 patients with acute infectious diseases. Serum resistin levels in patients with Kawasaki disease were significantly higher than those of healthy children and patients with acute infectious diseases. In contrast, mean serum HMW adiponectin, leptin, and visfatin levels in patients with Kawasaki disease exhibited no statistically significant differences compared with those in healthy children and patients with infectious diseases. Serum resistin levels decreased significantly after administration of intravenous immune globulin. Serum resistin levels on admission were significantly higher in nonresponders compared with responders to intravenous immune globulin therapy. A multivariate model revealed that C-reactive protein was a factor that was significantly related to elevated serum resistin level in patients with Kawasaki disease. In patients with Kawasaki disease, serum resistin levels were elevated, but decreased to nearly normal after intravenous administration of immune globulin. In contrast, serum HMW adiponectin, leptin, and visfatin levels showed no statistically significant changes. These findings suggest that resistin plays an important role, while other adipokines do not play a major role, in the pathogenesis of Kawasaki disease.

Measurement of Salivary Resistin Level in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

Serum resistin was initially hypothesized as a link between obesity and insulin resistance in mice. The latest evidence suggests that serum resistin is proinflammatory cytokines. Inflammation plays a key role in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Many reports have previously identified changed serum resistin levels in patients with T2DM, but little is known of the levels of resistin in saliva. In our study, saliva and serum samples were collected from 38 patients with newly diagnosed T2DM at each time point of OGTT and 35 nondiabetic controls at fasting state. Resistin concentrations were measured using ELISA. We have demonstrated the presence of resistin in saliva of T2DM and nondiabetic subjects. Saliva resistin levels of T2DM are significantly higher than those of nondiabetic controls. Resistin levels in saliva are not affected by eating activity and correlated with serum resistin levels at any time points of OGTT. A positive correlation of serum and salivary resistin with BMI and HOMA-IR existed in T2DM. Measurement of resistin in saliva is a simple, noninvasive and may be an acceptable alternative to blood sampling for evaluatinginflammation/obesity/insulin resistance state.

Serum adiponectin and resistin levels in patients with obsessive compulsive disorder

We aimed to investigate the changes in serum adiponectin and resistin levels in patients with obsessive compulsive disorder and control groups. The serum adiponectin and resistin levels of 29 patients (16 females, 13 males) with obsessive compulsive disorder and weight, age and sex-matched 31 healthy controls (17 females, 14 males) were determined. Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS) was applied to all groups. ELISA method was used to measure adiponectin and resistin levels. The mean adiponectin level was 11.92±2.04 ng/ml and resistin level was 13.23±2.78 ng/ml in obsessive compulsive disorder group, while it was 18.81±5.24 ng/ml and 8.17±2.53 ng/ml in control group. Changes in plasma adiponectin and resistin levels in obsessive compulsive disorder may have implications about possible cardiovascular and metabolic abnormalities seen in obsessive compulsive patients.

Serum resistin in older patients with hip fracture: Relationship with comorbidity and biochemical determinants of bone metabolism

ObjectivesTo determine the relationship of serum resistin concentrations to biochemical determinants of bone metabolism, comorbidity and outcomes in patients with hip fracture (HF). MethodsIn 256 consecutive patients (mean age 81.9±7.8years; 71.1% women) serum levels of resistin (determined by ELISA), biochemical parameters of bone turnover and mineral metabolism as well as routine haematological and biochemical parameters were measured. Clinical data were recorded prospectively. ResultsIn multivariate analysis cervical HF (OR=1.81; 95% CI 1.05–3.11), diabetes (OR=2.60; 95% CI 1.23–5.51) and history of stroke (OR=2.67; 95% CI 1.17–6.13) were significant independent predictors of higher resistin levels (⩾16.26ng/ml, median value). The independent correlates of serum resistin levels in patients with cervical HF were serum osteocalcin and magnesium (both negatively associated) and in patients with trochanteric HF, serum PTH, calcium and age (all positively associated). Resistin and glomerular filtration rate were the only independent (inverse) predictors of serum osteocalcin. Resistin levels on admission did not predict short-term outcomes. ConclusionsIn older patients with HF there is a significant association of higher resistin levels with cervical fracture, type 2 diabetes and history of stroke, which is partly influenced by the reciprocal interaction between resistin and osteocalcin. However, the design of the study does not prove causality and further prospective studies are needed to clarify these relationships.

Serum adipokine profiles in Kawasaki disease

Adipokines are cytokines derived from adipose tissue. Recently it has been established that adipokines are closely linked to the pathophysiology of not only metabolic diseases, such as diabetes mellitus, obesity, and atherosclerosis, but also to inflammation and immune diseases. In this study we measured serum levels of adipokines in patients with acute Kawasaki disease to investigate the role of adipokines in the pathophysiology of Kawasaki disease. Serum resistin, high-molecular-weight (HMW) adiponectin, leptin, and visfatin levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in a total of 117 subjects: 56 patients with acute Kawasaki disease, 30 healthy children, and 31 patients with acute infectious diseases. Serum resistin levels in patients with Kawasaki disease were significantly higher than those of healthy children and patients with acute infectious diseases. In contrast, mean serum HMW adiponectin, leptin, and visfatin levels in patients with Kawasaki disease exhibited no statistically significant differences compared with those in healthy children and patients with infectious diseases. Serum resistin levels decreased significantly after administration of intravenous immune globulin. Serum resistin levels on admission were significantly higher in nonresponders compared with responders to intravenous immune globulin therapy. A multivariate model revealed that C-reactive protein was a factor that was significantly related to elevated serum resistin level in patients with Kawasaki disease. In patients with Kawasaki disease, serum resistin levels were elevated, but decreased to nearly normal after intravenous administration of immune globulin. In contrast, serum HMW adiponectin, leptin, and visfatin levels showed no statistically significant changes. These findings suggest that resistin plays an important role, while other adipokines do not play a major role, in the pathogenesis of Kawasaki disease.

The serum levels of resistin in ankylosing spondylitis patients: a pilot study

Resistin is a recently described adipokine which is a member of cysteine-rich secretory protein family. Although it has been primarily defined in human adipocytes, it has been identified that its level was higher in mononuclear leukocytes, macrophages, spleen, and bone marrow cells. Because ankylosing spondylitis is an inflammatory disease, it is suspected that upregulation of proinflammatory cytokines is effective in its immunopathogenesis. The aim of our study is to determine the serum resistin levels in patients with AS and to research the relationship with disease activity markers. A total of 30 patients with AS and 30 healthy controls were included in this study. Serum resistin concentrations, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP), Bath AS Disease Activity Index (BASDAI) were evaluated. In results resistin levels in ankylosing spondylitis group were significantly higher than in control group. But, there was no correlation between resistin and ESR, CRP, BASDAI. In conclusion, higher serum resistin levels in patients with AS compared to healthy subjects give clues that resistin could have a role in the pathogenesis of AS.

Serum adiponectin and resistin levels in patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome and their clinical implications

In this study, serum adiponectin and resistin levels were determined in 46 patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), and their correlation with serum sexual hormones and insulin resistance (IR) were examined. The subjects included 26 obese patients with body mass index (BMI)>25 and 20 non-obese patients with BMI[Symbol: see text]25, with 25 obese and 25 non-obese healthy volunteers without PCOS serving as controls. Serum adiponectin and resistin levels in all subjects were measured, and endocrinal and metabolic indices were also analysed. Our results showed that the serum adiponectin levels in both obese and non-obese PCOS groups were significantly lower than their controls, while the serum resistin levels in obese and non-obese PCOS group were significantly higher than in their controls (P<0.001). The serum adiponectin level was significantly lower and serum resistin level significantly higher in the non-obese PCOS group as compared with the obese control group (P<0.05). Serum adiponectin level was negatively correlated with FIN, HOMA-IR, LH and LH/FSH (P<0.05), but serum resistin level was positively correlated with FIN, HOMA-IR, LH and LH/FSH (P<0.05). We are led to conclude that PCOS patients have obvious IR, low serum adiponectin and high serum resistin, and adiponectin and resistin might play important roles in the pathogenesis of IR in PCOS patients.

Resistin is associated with mortality in patients with traumatic brain injury

IntroductionRecently, we reported that high levels of resistin are present in the peripheral blood of patients with intracerebral hemorrhage and are associated with a poor outcome. However, not much is known regarding the change in plasma resistin and its relation with mortality after traumatic brain injury (TBI). Thus, we sought to investigate change in plasma resistin level after TBI and to evaluate its relation with disease outcome.MethodsFifty healthy controls and 94 patients with acute severe TBI were included. Plasma samples were obtained on admission and at days 1, 2, 3, 5 and 7 after TBI. Its concentration was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.ResultsTwenty-six patients (27.7%) died from TBI within 1 month. After TBI, plasma resistin level in patients increased during the 6-hour period immediately after TBI, peaked within 24 hours, plateaued at day 2, decreased gradually thereafter and was substantially higher than that in healthy controls during the 7-day period. A forward stepwise logistic regression selected plasma resistin level (odds ratio, 1.107; 95% confidence interval, 1.014-1.208; P = 0.023) as an independent predictor for 1-month mortality of patients. A multivariate linear regression showed that plasma resistin level was negatively associated with Glasgow Coma Scale score (t = -6.567, P < 0.001). A receiver operating characteristic curve identified plasma resistin cutoff level (30.8 ng/mL) that predicted 1-month mortality with the optimal sensitivity (84.6%) and specificity (75.0%) values (area under curve, 0.854; 95% confidence interval, 0.766-0.918; P < 0.001).ConclusionsIncreased plasma resistin level is found and associated with Glasgow Coma Scale score and mortality after TBI.

Influence of integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine therapy on serum resistin levels in patients with severe acute pancreatitis: a randomized controlled trial

Resistin level is high in patients with severe acute pancreatitis (SAP), and resistin is expected to be a new marker for evaluating the severity of acute pancreatitis. To explore the influence of integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine therapy on serum resistin levels in SAP patients. Twenty-eight SAP patients meeting inclusion criteria from Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University were included, and the patients were randomly divided into treatment group and placebo group. There were 13 patients in the treatment group and 15 patients in the placebo group. Patients in the treatment group were given traditional Chinese herbal medicine in addition to the conventional treatment. Patients in the placebo group were given placebo in addition to the conventional treatment. The serum resistin levels on admission, and days 1, 3, 5, and 7 after the admission were detected. The serum resistin levels on admission in all the patients were higher than normal level, and there was no significant difference between the two groups (P>0.05). On days 1, 3, 5, and 7 after admission, the resistin levels in the treatment group were (3.29 + or - 1.66) microg/L, (3.71 + or - 1.05) microg/L, (3.08 + or - 1.47) microg/L and (3.62 + or - 1.67) microg/L, and in the control group (5.16 + or - 1.93) microg/L, (5.07 + or - 1.53) microg/L, (4.88 + or - 1.47) microg/L and (5.12 + or - 1.48) microg/L, respectively. The resistin levels were lower in the treatment group than in the control group (P<0.05). Serum resistin level in SAP patients can be decreased by integrated traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine therapy.

Effect of rosiglitazone on resistin level in patients with type 2 diabetes

Objective To study the effect of rosiglitazone (ROS) on resistin level in patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods 56 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were recruited according to WHO criterion(1999). They were randomly divided into two groups, the threatment group 36 and the control group 20 patients. Patients in control group received routine therapy,and patients in treatment group received ROS,4mg/d with routine therapy for 12 weeks. Clinical routine and plasma glucose, insulin and resistin determination were performed. Insulin sensitivity was evaluated using homeostasis model assessment(HOMA) formula. Results Levels of fasting plasma glucose,insulin,HOMA-IR and resistin were significantly decreased. Conclusion ROS can significantly reduce insulin resistance,improve the utilizing of plasma glucose, which has an important effect on level of resistin in patients with type 2 diabete. Key words: Rosiglitazone ; Type 2 diabetes

Evaluation of serum resistin levels in patients with ocular and non-ocular Behçet’s disease

Background: Resistin, a recently identified adipocytokine, has been found to play an important role in inflammation and the processes of inflammation-related diseases. Serum resistin levels in patients with Behçet’s disease (BD) have not yet been investigated. We aimed to evaluate the relation between resistin and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in Behçet patients with or without ocular involvement and in normal controls. Methods: Twenty-two patients with BD and 19 healthy control subjects were included in this study. While 14 patients had posterior segment involvement of the eye, the other 8 did not have ocular disease. Serum resistin and interleukin-6 (IL-6), levels were measured in all samples. Data from all groups were tested for statistical significance. Results: The mean resistin and IL-6 concentrations were significantly higher in patients with BD than the control subjects ( p = 0.011 and p = 0.0001, respectively).There was a significant difference in resistin and IL-6 levels between the patients with non-ocular BD and controls ( p = 0.013 and p = 0.0001, respectively), as well as resistin and IL-6 levels between the ocular BD group and the control group ( p = 0.05 and p = 0.0001, respectively). However, there was no significant difference between patients with ocular versus non-ocular BD. Interpretation: Resistin levels were found to be raised in Behçet patients with or without ocular involvement compared with the control subjects.

Levels of High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein, Leptin, and Resistin in Patients With Overt Hypothyroidism and Subclinical Hypothyroidism

Abstract: Hypothyroidism is associated with an increased risk for obesity and cardiovascular diseases. Resistin and leptin exert proinflammatory actions by activating a specific receptors which are expressed in human endothelial cells. The aim of the study was to investigate whether the relations between the leptin, resistin, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), which is a marker of low-grade inflammation, in patients with subclinical (SH) and overt hypothyroidism (OH). The levels of leptin, resistin, and hs-CRP were measured in 25 patients with OH, 30 patients with SH, and in 25 healthy subjects, using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. The leptin and resistin levels in patients with OH and SH were similar to those in the control group. The hs-CRP level in OH group was significantly higher than SH and control groups (P

Pitavastatin Improves Serum Resistin Levels in Patients with Hypercholesterolemia

Resistin in serum is associated with high risk in patients with atherosclerosis. This clinical study aimed to investigate whether pitavastatin can regulate the serum level of resistin, together with levels of other inflammatory cytokines and adipocytokines. Forty two outpatients (mean age 65.2 +/- 12.6 yr, M/F: 21/21) with hypercholesterolemia were administered 2 mg of pitavastatin and serum levels of resistin, together with serum levels of adiponectin, leptin, TNF-alpha and hsCRP, were measured before, and 12 weeks after enrollment. There was no significant gender-related difference in initial serum resistin levels. Pitavastatin significantly decreased LDL-cholesterol after 12 weeks. Initial levels of resistin showed a significant correlation with those of hsCRP (r=0.38, p=0.013), but not TNF-alpha or HOMA-R. Serum resistin, but not adiponectin and leptin, levels were significantly decreased, dropping from 17.1 +/- 9.9 ng/ dL to 15.2+/-10.0 (p=0.001) after 12 weeks of administration. The patient group with a baseline hsCRP > or = 0.1 at enrollment (n=17) had decreased levels of both resistin and hsCRP (p=0.011 and p=0.022, respectively). This study showed the pleiotropic effect of pitavastatin on the serum resistin concentration, suggesting that it may assist in the prevention of atherosclerosis.

Elevated plasma resistin concentrations in patients with liver cirrhosis

Resistin, an adipose-derived polypeptide hormone, has been proposed to be a candidate in insulin resistance, although its role in humans remains controversial. Liver cirrhosis (LC) is characterized by an elevated number of circulating proinflammatory cytokines, hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance. The aim of this study was to determine the plasma resistin levels in patients with LC. Resistin levels were determined in 79 patients with LC and in 31 healthy controls. Patients included 34 with Child-Pugh grade A, 30 with Child's B and 15 with Child's C LC. Fasting plasma glucose, fasting plasma insulin, adiponectin, the homeostatic model assessment insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index, quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) and biochemical parameters were also determined. Plasma resistin levels were 7.61 +/- 6.70 ng/mL in the LC patients and 3.38 +/- 1.68 ng/mL in the controls, respectively. The plasma resistin levels were significantly elevated in patients with LC in comparison to the controls (P < 0.01). The plasma resistin levels increased in a stepwise fashion in line with a higher grade according to Child-Pugh classification. Fasting plasma insulin, adiponectin and HOMA-IR index were also significantly elevated in patients with LC in comparison to controls. Inversely, QUICKI significantly decreased in patients with LC. According to Spearman's rank correlation, log resistin showed significantly positive correlation with fasting plasma insulin, log adiponectin, HOMA-IR index, and a negative correlation with QUICKI (P < 0.01). The plasma resistin levels did not correlate with sex, body mass index and fasting plasma glucose levels. The plasma resistin levels increased in patients with LC, thus showing a positive correlation with fasting plasma insulin, adiponectin, HOMA-IR index, and a negative correlation with QUICKI. Although a decreased extraction of resistin due to reduced liver function cannot be ruled out, resistin may contribute to insulin resistance in patients with LC. The pathophysiological roles of resistin in LC still require further investigation.

Pronounced elevation of resistin correlates with severity of disease in severe sepsis and septic shock

Resistin induces insulin resistance in mice. In humans, recent data suggest that resistin functions as a proinflammatory cytokine. Here, we studied resistin up to 2 wks after admission in patients with septic shock and/or severe sepsis. Two prospective studies of patients with sepsis and in vitro studies of resistin interaction with monocytes. Intensive care unit at Karolinska University Hospital and Center for Infectious Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge, Sweden. Twenty-nine patients with severe sepsis and 66 with septic shock. None. Ninety-five patients were studied, 25 of whom died within 28 days. Resistin and cytokine levels and routine biochemistry were measured at three to six defined time points during the first 2 wks after admission and were correlated to other cytokines, glucose levels, body mass index, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II, and Sepsis-related Organ Failure Assessment scores. Serum resistin was significantly elevated compared with healthy controls (p < .000001) and correlated with severity of disease as measured by Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II and Sepsis-related Organ Failure Assessment scores, with an increasingly strong degree of correlation over time. Median levels were four- to eight-fold higher than controls and remained high up to 2 wks after admission to the intensive care unit. Levels correlated with interleukin-6, interleukin-8, interleukin-10, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, creatinine, D-dimer, and lactate, but not with p-glucose or body mass index. In vitro, resistin was released from monocytes after stimulation with either lipopolysaccharide or high mobility group box 1 protein. Recombinant resistin itself up-regulated intercellular adhesion molecule-1 on monocytes. This is the first study assessing systemic levels of resistin in patients with septic shock/severe sepsis. We show that resistin is a marker of severity of disease and possibly a mediator of the prolonged inflammatory state seen in infected critically ill patients. Further exploration of resistin as a therapeutic target and marker of disease is merited.

Prognostic significance of plasma resistin levels in patients with atherothrombotic ischemic stroke

Background Resistin (RSN) is an adipocytokine involved in insulin resistance, obesity and atherosclerosis. This study aimed to investigate the association between plasma RSN and outcome after ischemic stroke. Methods RSN measured within 24 h after the event was related to functional outcome and 5-year survival in 211 subjects with first-ever atherothrombotic ischemic stroke. Prognosis was assessed by the Kaplan Meier and the Cox techniques. Results The probabilities of death were 80.4%, 46.2% and 15.7% ( p < 0.001) for patients stratified according to tertiles of RSN (> 30 ng/mL, 20–30 ng/mL and < 20 ng/mL, respectively). The proportion of dependency (modified Rankin Scale score ≥ 3) was greater in 5-year survivors with RSN in the upper tertile (6/11 [54.5%]) compared to the middle (20/56 [35.7%]) and the lowest tertile (8/43 [18.6%]; p < 0.01). C-reactive protein levels (hazard ratio [HR] 3.96 [95% CI 2.06, 8.91]; p < 0.001), coronary heart disease (2.69 [1.62, 6.23]; p < 0.001), RSN levels (2.12 [1.31, 5.08] p < 0.001), National Institute of Health Stroke Scale score (2.02 [1.23, 4.49]; p < 0.01) and age (1.84 [1.19, 3.93]; p < 0.01) were independent predictors of death. Conclusions High plasma RSN appears to be associated with increased risk of 5-year mortality or disability after atherothrombotic ischemic stroke, independently of other adverse predictors.

Adipose tissue resistin levels in patients with anorexia nervosa

Objective Resistin is a specific fat-derived hormone that affects fuel homeostasis and insulin action in rodents. However, its role in human physiology and pathophysiologic conditions, such as malnutrition, remains uncertain. Methods To enhance understanding of the role of resistin in the pathophysiology of anorexia nervosa (AN), we measured plasma resistin levels in 13 women with a restrictive type of AN and in 16 healthy age-matched women (control). Further, we measured resistin levels in the subcutaneous adipose tissue of eight women from the AN group and eight women from the control group with an in vivo microdialysis technique (CMA/107 pump, CMA/60 catheters, CMA Microdialysis AB, Solna, Sweden). Results Body mass index, percentage of body fat, fasting plasma leptin and insulin, and homeostasis model assessment index for insulin resistance were severely decreased in patients with AN compared with the control group. Plasma resistin levels were significantly decreased in patients with AN ( P < 0.05), whereas subcutaneous adipose tissue resistin levels were significantly increased in patients with AN compared with the control group ( P < 0.05). In both groups, plasma resistin levels showed no significant relation to resistin in dialysate, percentage of body fat, body mass index, homeostasis model assessment index for insulin resistance, and fasting plasma leptin levels. Conclusion We demonstrated that AN is associated with decreased plasma resistin levels and increased resistin levels in extracellular space of the abdominal adipose tissue. Plasma resistin levels in patients with AN or in healthy normal-weight women were not directly related to body mass index, percentage of body fat, plasma leptin levels, and insulin sensitivity.

Effect of Atorvastatin on in vitro Expression of Resistin in Adipocytes and Monocytes/Macrophages and Effect of Atorvastatin Treatment on Serum Resistin Levels in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

Resistin is a novel cysteine-rich protein that plays a role in the development of insulin resistance and atherosclerosis. HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) possess anti-inflammatory properties that are independent of their lipid-lowering action. The aims of this study were to investigate the effect of atorvastatin on expression of resistin in vitro and to determine the effect of 6 months of treatment with atorvastatin on serum levels of resistin in patients with type 2 diabetes. 3T3-L1 adipocytes and human monocytes/macrophages and preadipocytes were incubated with 1 and 10 µmol/l atorvastatin for 24 and 48 h, followed by measurement of resistin mRNA by the quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Serum resistin concentration in the patients with type 2 diabetes was measured at baseline and after 6 months of atorvastatin treatment (10 mg/day). qRT-PCR analysis revealed that atorvastatin decreased resistin mRNA expression in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Serum resistin concentration tended to decrease after 6 months of atorvastatin treatment, although this decrease did not reach statistical significance. In conclusion, the findings of our in vitro study contribute to the growing volume of evidence on the anti-inflammatory and anti-atherosclerotic effects of statins, and led us to suggest that statins may control inflammatory responses by inhibiting expression of resistin mRNA. It is necessary to confirm the findings of our in vitro study by an appropriately designed large-scale clinical study.