Mite Resistance Research Articles

Resistant Responses of the Tea Red Spider Mite, Tetranychus kanzawai KISHIDA, to Phenkapton, Estox, and Kelthane in the Tea Growing Areas in Japan

The author reported in the previous paper (OSAKABE, 1967) that in some of tea fields in Shizuoka prefecture, the tea red spider mite, Tetranychus kanzawai KISHIDA, was shown to gain the resistance to Phenkapton since 1961-62 and to Estox since 1964.This paper deals with the resistant responses of mites to Phenkapton, O, O-diethyl S-(2, 5-dichlorophenylthio)-methyl phosphorodithioate, Estox, O, O-dimethyl S-(1-methyl-2-ethylsulfinyl)-ethyl phosphorothibate, and Kelthane, 1, 1-bis-(P-chlorophenyl) 2, 2, 2-trichloroethanol, in many, districts of tea growing areas in Japan.As the results in 1965-'66, the mites were classified into the resistant and the susceptible groups. The LC50 values of the resistant and the susceptible mites to these chemicals were shown as follows Phenkapton ; resistant mites 166±34 ppm, susceptible mites 1.2±0.6 ppm, R/S ratio 138.3, Estox ; resistant mites 1182±510 ppm, susceptible mites 7.2±2.0 ppm, R/S ratio 164.2, Kelthane ; resistant mites 234 ppm, susceptible mites 3.8±1.9 ppm, R/S ratio 61.6. The mites were divided into three types owing to the resistibility to these chemicals.The first type is susceptible to Phenkapton, Estox, and Kelthane, the second type is resistant to Phenkapton and Estox, while susceptible to Kelthane, and the third type is resistant to above described three chemicals, respectively. The mites belonging to the first type were discovered in Kanto (Saitama), Shikoku (Kagawa, Tokushima, Kochi), and south Kyushu (Miyazaki, Kagoshima) districts, but the second type of mites widely distributed in Tokai-Kinki (Shizuoka, Aichi, Mie, Shiga, Nara) and north Kyushu (Fukuoka, Saga) districts. The third type of mites were very few, and it was discovered in Kyoto prefecture. From the correlation coefficients among the LC50, of three chemicals, it may be said that the cross-resistance could be noticed between Phenkapton and Estox, but not clearly between Kelthane and Phenkapton or Estox.

Malathion Synergism Against Organophosphate-Resistant Two-Spotted Spider Mites

Organophosphate resistant two-spotted spider mites, Tetranychns telarius (L.), were about 3.5 times more susceptible to solutions of malathion containing chemicals known to be ali-esterase inhibitors than to solutions of malathion alone. These chemicals alone were acaricidal at concentrations higher than those necessary to demonstrate this synergistic effect with malathion.

Resistance of pear's mites to chemicals and their control

Resistance of pear's mites to chemicals and their control

Control of Spider Mites on Cotton1

Experiments were conducted on the chemical control of a field population of Tetranychus telarius (L.) on cotton, suspected of being resistant to organophosphorous miticides. Varying degrees of resistance by this spider mite were exhibited to demeton, ethion, carbophenothion, Bidrin® (3 - hydroxy - N, N - dimethyl- cis -croton-amide dimethyl phosphate), and phorate. Other types of miticides such as Aramite® (2 ( p-tert -butylphenoxy) isopropyl-2- chloroethyl sulfite), chlorobenzilate, and Kelthane® (1,1- bis ( p -chlorophenyl) -2,2,2-trichloroethanol) were found to have retained their effectiveness against this species. However, these materials were not so effective as the organophosphorous miticides were prior to the development of a resistant strain. Furthermore, field surveys revealed that difficulties in controlling either resistant or susceptible mites were induced largely by the failure to utilize cultural and natural controls. On the basis of field observations, control of T. atlanticus McGregor with organophosphorous acaricides was not so good as that obtained in previous years.

The Effectiveness of Various Pesticides against Resistant Two-Spotted Spider Mites on Greenhouse Roses

High-gallonage sprays were applied to greenhouse roses heavily infested with two-spotted spider mites ( Tetranychlls telarius (L.)) to determine the extent of resistance and what groups of compounds might afford practical control. The results indicate that resistance has developed to most of the materials previously used for mite control; these include Aramite® (2-( p-tert -butylphenoxy) isopropy! 2-chloroethyl-sulphite), chlorobenzilate, tetradifon, tepp, malathion, and schradan. There is also evidence that cross resistance has developed to numerous pesticides, for many that have not previously been used were nevertheless ineffective. It is apparent from this study that compounds unrelated to previously used acaricides are effective against these resistant mites. Binapacryl, Eradex® (2,3-quinoxalinedithiol cyclic trithiocarbonate), and Bayer 36205 (6-methyl-2,3-quinoxalinedithiol cyclic carbonate) can be placed in this category but cannot be used at effective dosages because of phytotoxicity on roses. Pentac (bis(pentachloro-2,4-cyclopentadien-5-yl), and Bidrin® (3-hydroxy- -N,N -dimethyl- cis -croton-amide dimethyl phosphate) represent two dissimilar materials that show promise for control of resistant mites on roses. Pentac, with its low mammalian toxicity and lack of phytotoxicity, has already proven to be a highly practical and effective control.

European red mite control with petroleum oils

The problem of spider mite resistance to acaricides has stimulated interest in the use of petroleum oils as a means of mite control. In 1963, plots were established in a Red Delicious apple orchard to evaluate one new acaricide and several oils of varying viscosity and unsulfonated residue against the European red mite. Among several acaricides that had been studied in 1962, the most promising material was Morestan, a new cyclic carbonate insecticide.

The Effect of Plant Nutrition on the Fecundity of Two Strains of Two-Spotted Spider Mite1

Two strains of two-spotted spider mite ( Tetranychus telarius (L.)), widely different in susceptibility to organophosphorus acaricides, produced more progeny on lima bean plants as nitrogen supply and absorption were increased, However, in studies with resistant mites, a reduction in the number of progeny occurred on plants supplied the highest nitrogen level. The resistant mites produced more progeny on plants supplied high potassium levels, and the nonresistant mites on plants supplied high phosphorus levels. Increases in the number of progeny produced by either strain were correlated with the carbohydrate content of the leaf tissue. when carbohydrate was increased, with a corresponding increase in nitrogen supply and absorption, mites produced more progeny. At certain higher level of nitrogen supply and absorption, however, carbohydrate content of leaf tissue decreased and mites produced fewer progeny of failed to produce more progeny even though nitrogen absorption of the plant increased. Phosphorus and potassium supply alone and in combination with certain levels of nitrogen supply affected nitrogen absorption and total carbohydrate content of the leaf tissue.

リンゴハダニに対する有機燐剤の効果の低下,第2報(昭和35年度年次講演会講演要旨集)

リンゴハダニに対する有機燐剤の効果の低下,第2報(昭和35年度年次講演会講演要旨集)