Resistance Exercise Intervention Research Articles

The impact of exercise interventions on sleep in adult populations with depression, anxiety, or posttraumatic stress: review of the current evidence and future directions.

Consistent evidence suggests that exercise leads to improvements in subjective sleep quality and also objective sleep metrics in non-psychiatric adult populations. However, the degree to which exercise provides sleep benefits for adults with psychiatric disorders is less known, despite the potential benefits given that sleep disturbance is prevalent in these populations. In this narrative review, we synthesize results of randomized controlled trials examining the influence of aerobic and/or resistance exercise interventions on sleep outcomes in adult psychiatric populations. We specifically focus on populations with elevated symptoms or diagnoses of depression, anxiety, or posttraumatic stress disorder. A systematic search through June 2024 yielded 26 relevant trials. Overall, most trials reported improvement of subjective sleep quality after aerobic and/or resistance exercise programs in samples with depression. Similar effects were observed for posttraumatic stress; however, larger trials are needed. Further research is needed to examine the impact of exercise on sleep in anxiety populations as only one trial with mixed results was identified. Results were more equivocal for the subpopulation of adult women with perinatal or postpartum depression, demonstrating the importance of understanding exercise effects on sleep in specific subpopulations. Few studies examined objective sleep outcomes, impact of acute exercise on next day sleep, or the interplay between exercise, sleep, and psychiatric symptom changes, all important areas of future research. Other implications and future directions are discussed, including potential moderators and mechanisms of action that warrant further study to better understand how exercise interventions may optimally target sleep in psychiatric populations.

Design of the VOILA-intervention study: A 12-week nutrition and resistance exercise intervention in metabolic or mobility compromised Dutch older adults and the response on immune-metabolic, gut and muscle health parameters

BackgroundExercise and nutrition interventions can slow ageing-induced decline in physiology. However, effects are heterogeneous and usually studied separately per outcome domain. In the VOILA study, we simultaneously study various health outcomes relevant for older adults and the inter-individual heterogeneity in response to a lifestyle intervention. MethodsVOILA is a 12-week lifestyle intervention in 3 groups of older adults (≥60 years), with compromised mobility (n=50), compromised metabolic health (n=50), or recovering from total knee replacement (TKR, n=70, of which 20 randomized to standard care only). The intervention includes high-intensity resistance exercise training thrice weekly, nutritional counselling, and nutritional supplements every morning and evening (including 20-25g whey protein and (evening only) 5.5g Biotis™ GOS). We measure immune-metabolic, gut health, muscle mass and physical functioning at baseline and after completion of the intervention/standard care. An additional reference group of healthy older adults (n=50) will undergo baseline measurements only. DiscussionImprovements in various physiological systems are expected, but with differences between groups/individuals. This study will provide insights into how the physiological state of older adults influences the extent of lifestyle-induced health improvements to create better tailored interventions to attenuate biological ageing and improve the health span of subgroups and individuals.

Sarcopenia in the era of precision health: Toward personalized interventions for healthy longevity.

Sarcopenia, characterized by the progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass and function, significantly impacts health outcomes in older adults. This review explores the evolving landscape of sarcopenia research, with a particular focus on its unique characteristics in Asian populations and emerging pharmaceutical interventions. Recent studies have revealed distinct patterns of muscle mass decline in Asian adults, particularly in women, challenging the universal application of global sarcopenia diagnostic criteria. The Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia has proposed region-specific diagnostic criteria, acknowledging these ethnic variations. Prevalence estimates of sarcopenia vary widely, ranging from 10% to 40% in community-dwelling older adults. For specific chronic conditions, the prevalence of sarcopenia is notably higher, reaching 35% for cardiovascular diseases and 24.5% for chronic kidney disease. Sarcopenia is strongly associated with various chronic conditions, increasing the risk of falls by 1.5 to 3 times and significantly increasing mortality risk by 29% to 51%. Current management strategies primarily involve resistance exercise and nutritional interventions, with a recommended daily protein intake of at least 1.2 g/kg to maintain muscle health. Pharmaceutical development has gained significant momentum, with over 20 compounds in various stages of clinical trials. These include myostatin inhibitors, selective androgen receptor modulators, ghrelin receptor agonists, mesenchymal stem cell therapy, and follistatin gene therapy. However, the unique dietary patterns, cultural contexts, and potentially distinct drug responses in Asian populations necessitate tailored interventions and Asia-specific clinical trials. Future directions include refining Asian-specific diagnostic criteria, conducting large-scale epidemiological studies across multiple Asian countries, developing culturally appropriate interventions, integrating sarcopenia management into chronic disease care, and advancing pharmaceutical research with a focus on Asian populations. In conclusion, sarcopenia emerges as a critical nexus in the aging process, intricately linked with multiple organ systems and chronic conditions, underscoring the imperative for its recognition as a cornerstone in person-centered care and the holistic management of age-related health challenges.

Online-delivered resistance exercise intervention among racially diverse breast cancer survivors: Feasibility, acceptability, and exploratory outcomes of B-REP.

The aims are to determine the feasibility of an online-delivered resistance exercise program among racially diverse breast cancer survivors and to conduct an exploratory analysis of the intervention on muscular strength, physical activity levels, health-related quality of life, and self-efficacy. A 2-arm randomized controlled trial study design with assessments at pre- and post-intervention was used. Participants (n = 52) were recruited from clinics at the host institution and randomized to either intervention (n = 28) or minimal contact control (MCC) conditions (n = 24). All participants received a 12-week individualized resistance exercise prescription based on their baseline functional strength assessment. Intervention participants exercised one-on-one once per week over Zoom with an exercise trainer. MCC participants received no supervision. Descriptive statistics were used to determine feasibility and acceptability (primary outcomes). Repeated measures ANOVAs were used to examine exploratory outcomes. The intervention demonstrated high rates for feasibility outcomes of enrollment (80.0%) and post-intervention assessment completion (92.9%). Acceptability outcomes were high for session attendance (98.0%) and satisfaction (Mscore = 4.87 out of 5, SD = .18). The intervention group increased upper- (p < .01) and lower- (p < .02) body strength compared to MCC condition. The intervention was feasible, acceptable, and demonstrated increases in muscular strength. Limitations include a small sample recruited from one cancer center. Future research is needed to determine longitudinal impacts of resistance exercise on survivorship outcomes. Online-delivered resistance exercise shows promising efficacy among racially diverse breast cancer survivors. gov registration: NCT04562233 on September 18, 2020.

Resistance exercise intervention using time for public translation.

Resistance exercise intervention using time for public translation.

The Effects of Interval and Traditional Resistance Exercise on Hormonal Control of Adipose-tissue Lipolysis in Healthy Young Men

Purpose: Lipolysis is regulated by lipolytic hormones, like insulin, cortisol, growth Hormone (GH), and catecholamines. Unregulated lipolysis results in the accumulation of free fatty acids (FFAs), leading to dysfunction of cells and death. Thus, the main aim of this study was to determine the effects of interval and traditional resistance exercise on hormonal control of adipose-tissue lipolysis in healthy young men. Methods: Twelve healthy males (Mean ± SD; age, 25.5 ± 3.1 years; Body mass index, 24.2 ± 2.0 kg/m2) performed tradition resistance exercise (TRE) at 80% of 1RM (3 sets of 6 repetitions) with 2 min passive recovery, and an interval resistance exercise (IRE) trial at 60% of 1RM (3 sets of 6 repetitions) followed by active recovery (1 set of 6 repetitions at 20% of 1RM). Three blood samples were taken before and immediately after exercise, and after one-hour recovery and were analyzed to measure epinephrine, norepinephrine, cortisol, and GH. Results: Statistical analyses of the data revealed that concentrations of cortisol and GH increased in response to resistance exercise and significantly decreased (p &lt; 0.05) during the recovery period. Although there were no significant differences between the two protocols for cortisol concentration, GH increases following IRE were profoundly higher than TRE protocol. Epinephrine and norepinephrine increased (p &lt; 0.05) in response to both resistance exercise trials, though, no between-group differences were found for these variables. Conclusion: The results of our study showed increases in GH, cortisol, epinephrine, and norepinephrine in two resistance exercise protocols which may lead to increases in fat oxidation.

Process evaluation protocol plan for a home-based physical activity intervention versus educational intervention for persistent taxane-induced peripheral neuropathy (B-HAPI study): a randomized controlled trial

BackgroundEvaluation publications typically summarize the results of studies to demonstrate the effectiveness of an intervention, but little is shared concerning any changes implemented during the study. We present a process evaluation protocol of a home-based gait, balance, and resistance exercise intervention to ameliorate persistent taxane-induced neuropathy study according to 7 key elements of process evaluation.MethodsThe process evaluation is conducted parallel to the longitudinal, randomized control clinical trial examining the effects of the home-based gait, balance, and resistance exercise program for women with persistent peripheral neuropathy following treatment with taxanes for breast cancer (IRB approval: Pro00040035). The flowcharts clarify how the intervention should be implemented in comparable settings, fidelity procedures help to ensure the participants are comfortable and identify their individual needs, and the process evaluation allows for the individual attention tailoring and focus of the research to avoid protocol deviation.ConclusionsThe publication of the evaluation protocol plan adds transparency to the findings of clinical trials and favors process replication in future studies. The process evaluation enables the team to systematically register information and procedures applied during recruitment and factors that impact the implementation of the intervention, thereby allowing proactive approaches to prevent deviations from the protocol. When tracking an intervention continuously, positive or negative intervention effects are revealed early on in the study, giving valuable insight into inconsistent results. Furthermore, a process evaluation adds a participant-centered element to the research protocols, which allows a patient-centered approach to be applied to data collection.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov NCT04621721, November 9, 2020, registered prospectively. Protocol version: April 27, 2020, v2.

Resistance Exercise and Skeletal Muscle-Related Outcomes in Patients with Cancer: A Systematic Review.

Skeletal muscle loss is prevalent throughout the cancer continuum and correlated with morbidity and mortality. Resistance exercise has been trialed to mitigate skeletal muscle loss. This systematic review summarizes and qualitatively synthesizes the effects of resistance exercise on muscle-related outcomes in adult cancer populations, including skeletal muscle mass, performance and muscle-related biomarkers. The systematic review protocol was developed in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols (PRISMA-P). We searched electronic databases including AMED, CENTRAL, CINAHL, CIRRIE, EMBASE, MEDLINE, PEDro, REHABDATA, Scopus, and SPORTDiscus from inception to December 2021. We included randomized controlled trials that investigated the effects of resistance exercise on muscle-related outcomes in adult cancer populations. Interventions that involved any resistance exercise were included. Muscle-related outcomes were categorized as skeletal muscle mass (e.g., lean mass, appendicular muscle mass), muscle performance (e.g., muscle strength, physical function), and muscle-related biomarkers (e.g., muscle cells, metabolic/inflammatory markers). Risk of bias (RoB) was assessed using the Cochrane ROB tool. A total of 102 studies from 101 randomized controlled trials were included. The majority of studies focused on breast cancer (46%) and those who completed treatment (43%). Resistance exercise interventions were largely 3-4 months long (48%), combined with aerobic exercise (56%), at a vigorous intensity (25%), and in-person/supervised settings (57%). Among the studies assessing muscle mass, performance, and biomarkers ( n = 42, 83, and 22, respectively), resistance exercise interventions improved upper/lower body or appendicular muscle mass (67%-100%), muscle strength (61%-68%), and physical function (74%-100%). Most biomarkers did not show significant changes (75%-100%) or showed inconsistent results. Generally, resistance exercise had positive effects on skeletal muscle mass and performance with no negative effects compared to controls. Our findings demonstrated that resistance exercise may be an effective strategy to attenuate deterioration or exert improvements in muscle mass and performance outcomes.

'I'm a failure again, I can't do it': Attitudes towards, and experiences of, exercise participation in adults with class III obesity.

Living within a larger body brings unique challenges to exercise participation, which are poorly understood. This qualitative study explored the attitudes towards, and experiences of, exercise participation in adults with class III obesity. Individual semi-structured qualitative interviews. We recruited 30 adults with class III obesity (body mass index: 45.8 ± 8.6 kg/m2) from a specialist multidisciplinary weight management service. Participants took part in semi-structured interviews while participating in a 6-month home-based aerobic and resistance exercise intervention. Open-ended questions were used flexibly to explore their views and experiences of exercise, encompassing barriers, motives and perceived benefits. Transcripts were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis. Three themes were developed: (1) a web of barriers; (2) tailored exercise facilitates positive experiences; and (3) a desire to live a normal life. People with class III obesity perceived that they were unable to do exercise; a view that was attributed to perceived judgement, low physical function, pain during everyday activities and failed weight loss attempts. These complex physical and psychosocial barriers to exercise were described as contributing to exercise avoidance. High value was placed on tailored exercise that accommodates the unique needs of moving in a larger body. A desire to carry out everyday tasks underpinned motivations for exercise. Our findings suggest that multi-component obesity interventions should move away from generic exercise prescriptions designed to maximize energy expenditure, and instead move towards addressing the unique physical and psychosocial needs of people who have class III obesity with tailored person-centred and weight-neutral exercise prescriptions.

Evaluating inflammatory outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis of aerobic versus resistance exercise interventions

Chronic inflammation is widely recognized as a crucial contributor to the onset and progression of various diseases. Physical activity serves as a nonmedicinal intervention known to influence inflammatory dynamics. The specific effects of distinct exercise types, namely aerobic and resistance training, on inflammatory indices have not been fully delineated. This systematic review with meta-analysis seeks to clarify the relative impacts of these 2 forms of exercise on markers of inflammation. An exhaustive literature review was performed across several databases, including MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library, to identify randomized controlled trials that assess the impact of aerobic versus resistance training on inflammatory markers. The primary variables of interest were alterations in inflammatory indicators such as C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor–alpha. We synthesized the data employing a random-effect meta-analytical approach and evaluated heterogeneity using the I² statistic. The literature search culminated in 36 randomized controlled trial with a collective participant count of 3616. Data analyses revealed that aerobic training is associated with a notable decrease in levels of interleukin-6 [standardized mean difference (SMD): −0.13, 95% CI: −0.31 to −0.05] and C-reactive protein (SMD: −0.28, 95% CI: −0.47 to −0.09), whereas resistance training is linked to a significant reduction in tumor necrosis factor–alpha levels (SMD: −0.61, 95% CI: −0.87 to −0.34). The investigation indicates that both aerobic and resistance training modalities play roles in diminishing inflammatory markers, likely through different biological processes. These insights highlight the critical nature of selecting appropriate exercise modalities to manage inflammatory health issues effectively. It is imperative to conduct further studies to unravel the precise mechanisms at play and to refine exercise recommendations for tailored management of inflammation.

Navigating the Intersection: Sarcopenia and Sarcopenic Obesity in Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are intricate systemic conditions that can extend beyond the gastrointestinal tract through both direct and indirect mechanisms. Sarcopenia, characterized by a reduction in muscle mass and strength, often emerges as a consequence of the clinical course of IBDs. Indeed, sarcopenia exhibits a high prevalence in Crohn's disease (52%) and ulcerative colitis (37%). While computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging remain gold-standard methods for assessing muscle mass, ultrasound is gaining traction as a reliable, cost-effective, and widely available diagnostic method. Muscle strength serves as a key indicator of muscle function, with grip strength test emerging nowadays as the most reliable assessment method. In IBDs, sarcopenia may arise from factors such as inflammation, malnutrition, and gut dysbiosis, leading to the formulation of the 'gut-muscle axis' hypothesis. This condition determines an increased need for surgery with poorer post-surgical outcomes and a reduced response to biological treatments. Sarcopenia and its consequences lead to reduced quality of life (QoL), in addition to the already impaired QoL. Of emerging concern is sarcopenic obesity in IBDs, a challenging condition whose pathogenesis and management are still poorly understood. Resistance exercise and nutritional interventions, particularly those aimed at augmenting protein intake, have demonstrated efficacy in addressing sarcopenia in IBDs. Furthermore, anti-TNF biological therapies showed interesting outcomes in managing this condition. This review seeks to furnish a comprehensive overview of sarcopenia in IBDs, elucidating diagnostic methodologies, pathophysiological mechanisms, and clinical implications and management. Attention will also be paid to sarcopenic obesity, exploring the pathophysiology and possible treatment modalities of this condition.

#1192 Impact of intradialytic exercise on all-cause mortality in frail patients undergoing hemodialysis: a three-year multicenter cohort study

Abstract Background and Aims Frailty prevalence is notably high among older hemodialysis patients, correlating with poorer prognoses. Prior smaller-scale studies have underscored the benefits of various exercise interventions in individuals with Chronic Kidney Disease and those receiving dialysis treatments. Addressing frailty in older hemodialysis patients by exercise therapy is crucial for healthcare professionals aiming to enhance patient outcomes. Despite this, a standardized exercise therapy protocol for this demographic has not been broadly implemented in clinical practice. Our study sought to evaluate the impact of intradialytic resistance exercise programs on the prognosis of frail individuals undergoing hemodialysis. Method This retrospective, multicenter, non-randomized clinical trial encompassed 2006 participants (mean age 70.1±11.7 years) from 17 outpatient clinics within the Kaikoukai Medical Group. Enrollment spanned from April to December 2018, with patients stratified according to baseline frailty levels, determined by the Japanese Frailty Criteria for the Diagnosis of Frailty in the Elderly. In this study, patients meeting the criteria for frailty or pre-frailty, as defined by the Japanese Criteria for Health and Social Services (J-CHS), were collectively classified as 'frail’. Participants were invited to join a voluntary exercise program during dialysis, which included stretching and four types of resistance exercises using elastic tubes. The cohort was divided into four groups based on their frailty status and participation in the exercise program. Patient outcomes were monitored until either death or the study's conclusion in December 2021. Kaplan-Meier and log-rank analyses were utilized to assess prognostic differences among the groups, with significance levels adjusted using the Bonferroni correction. Ethical approval was granted by the Nagoya Kyoritsu Hospital's ethical committee. Results The study comprised 112 non-frail exercising, 398 frail exercising, 205 non-frail non-exercising, and 1287 frail non-exercising patients. Over the study period (median 25 months), mortality was recorded in 338 (16.9%) patients, including 8 (7.1%) non-frail exercising, 50 (12.6%) frail exercising, 16 (7.8%) non-frail non-exercising, and 264 (20.5%) frail non-exercising participants. Prognostic analysis revealed that the frail non-exercising group had a significantly poorer prognosis than both the non-frail exercising and non-frail non-exercising groups, as well as the frail exercising group (p&amp;lt;0.05). Conclusion This investigation is pioneering in establishing a link between intradialytic resistance exercise interventions and prognosis in frail patients. The findings indicate that, although frail patients inherently face a more challenging prognosis, participation in intradialytic exercise can yield substantial improvements. Therefore, clinicians are encouraged to advocate for exercise therapy as a means to enhance prognosis in frail patients undergoing hemodialysis.

Preliminary analysis of the THRIVE clinical trial on the effect of resistance exercise on skeletal muscle bioenergetics, strength and body composition in breast cancer survivors

Objective: Breast cancer survivors (BCS) are at high risk for loss in skeletal muscle mass, which can be exacerbated by cancer treatment and tumor related factors. While resistance exercise has been shown to be effective in improving strength and physical function in BCS, little is known as to how exercise modulates skeletal muscle bioenergetics in oncology populations. Uncovering these factors are critical for explaining adaptations to exercise among cancer survivors. Therefore, the objective of the THRIVE clinical trial is to determine the effects of resistance exercise training on modulating skeletal muscle bioenergetics in BCS. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that 12 weeks of resistance exercise would improve skeletal muscle bioenergetics, strength and body composition in BCS. Methodology: Preliminary analysis was performed on BCS (n=10; 45.7 ± 11.5 yr) who had completed chemotherapy within the previous 6 months and were recruited to complete 12 weeks of progressive, home-based resistance exercise program (3 supervised training bouts per week). Baseline and 12 weeks strength was assessed with isometric dynamometry and 1 rep max (RM) testing, body composition was measured with DEXA, and physical function was assessed with a 6 minute walk test. Changes in muscle bioenergetics, specifically changes in resting phosphorus metabolites, were assessed using 31-phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy. In the original study design, participants were randomized to either receive creatinine supplement + exercise (n=5) or exercise alone (n=5); however, there were no significant differences between the interventions on the primary outcomes reported here, so the intervention groups were collapsed. Data: Handgrip strength, 1 RM chest press, 1 RM bicep curl, 1 RM leg press and 1 RM leg extension significantly increased (p&lt;0.05) following 12 weeks of training in breast cancer survivors. Twelve weeks of resistance exercise training also significantly increased skeletal muscle phosphodiester (PDE) content and tended to increase total phosphocreatine and gammaATP. There were no significant changes in isometric knee strength, fat mass, lean mass, 6 minute walk testing distance or skeletal muscle inorganic phosphorous. Summary: This preliminary analysis indicates changes in strength and skeletal muscle bioenergetics occur in BCS following a 12-week home-based resistance exercise intervention. Further research is needed to validate these results. The ThriveWell Foundation, NIH (P30 CA054174 and P30 AG044271). This is the full abstract presented at the American Physiology Summit 2024 meeting and is only available in HTML format. There are no additional versions or additional content available for this abstract. Physiology was not involved in the peer review process.

Building a Bridge to Community: A Pragmatic Randomized Trial Examining a Combined Physical Therapy and Resistance Exercise Intervention for People after Head and Neck Cancer.

Established barriers to general exercise and physical activity among individuals with head and neck cancer include dry mouth, difficulty eating, weight loss, fear of injury, comorbidities, and treatment-related symptoms of pain and fatigue. A 12-week pragmatic randomized controlled trial was conducted followed by an optional supported exercise transition phase. Eligible participants were individuals with head and neck cancers who had undergone surgery and/or radiation therapy to lymph node regions in the neck. Participants were randomized to a comparison group involving a shoulder and neck physiotherapeutic exercise protocol, or to a combined experimental group comprising the shoulder and neck physiotherapeutic exercise protocol and lower-body resistance exercise training. The primary outcome of this study was fatigue-related quality of life. Sixty-one participants enrolled, 59 (97%) completed the randomized trial phase, 55 (90%) completed the 24-week follow-up, and 52 (85%) completed the one-year follow-up. Statistically significant between-group differences were found in favor of the combined experimental group for the fatigue-related quality of life, fitness outcomes, and overall physical activity. Paired comparisons confirmed significant within-group improvements for both groups from baseline to one-year follow-up across most outcomes. A group-based combined physiotherapeutic and lower-body resistance exercise program was feasible and effective. Findings are limited to individuals who had undergone a surgical neck dissection procedure. Given the complexity of head and neck cancer, further pragmatic interdisciplinary research is warranted.

Beyond muscles: Investigating immunoregulatory myokines in acute resistance exercise - A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Myokines, released from the muscle, enable communication between the working muscles and other tissues. Their release during physical exercise is assumed to depend on immune-hormonal-metabolic interactions concerning mode (endurance or resistance exercise), duration, and intensity. This meta-analysis aims to examine the acute changes of circulating myokines inducing immunoregulatory effects caused by a bout of resistance exercise and to consider potential moderators of the results. Based on this selection strategy, a systematic literature search was conducted for resistance exercise intervention studies measuring interleukin (IL-) 6, IL-10, IL-1ra, tumor necrosis factor (TNF-) α, IL-15, IL-7, transforming growth factor (TGF-) β1, and fractalkines (FKN) before and immediately after resistance exercise in healthy individuals. Random-effects meta-analysis was performed for each myokine. We identified a moderate positive effect of resistance exercise for IL-6 and IL-1ra. Regarding IL-15 and TNF-α, small to moderate effects were found. For IL-10, no significant effect was observed. Due to no data, meta-analyses for IL-7, TGF-β1, and FKN could not be performed. No moderators (training status, type of exercise, risk of bias, age, sex, time of day, exercise volume, exercise intensity, exercise dose) of the results were detected for all tested myokines. Taken together, this systematic review and meta-analysis showed immediate positive effects of an acute resistance exercise session on IL-6, IL-1ra, TNF-α, and IL-15 levels.

367 The Effect of a Culturally-tailored and Theory-based Resistance Exercise Intervention on Motivation, Self-Regulation, and Adherence in Young Black Women

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Black women participate in the least amount of physical activity in the U.S., and determining methods to increase motivation and consistent exercise are warranted. Purpose: This study assessed differences in psychological and behavioral outcomes in young Black women in a culturally-tailored and theory-based resistance exercise (RE) study. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Women (M= 22.7 ± 3.6y) were randomized to the standard exercise group (SEG; n= 6) or motivational exercise group (MEG; n= 8), and completed 10 weeks of RE with a Black woman trainer and 11 weeks of unsupervised RE. The MEG discussed and received text messages about exercise education, self-regulation, autonomy, and competence. Motivation was measured by the Behavioral Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire-3, the Physical Activity Self-Regulation Scale-12 measured self-regulation, and the Basic Psychological Needs in Exercise Scale measured competence, autonomy, and relatedness. Adherence was calculated as # of completed/total sessions, and retention was the percent of women who completed ≥2 days/week of unsupervised RE. An ANOVA and Bonferroni post hoc analyses were used to determine significant findings. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Significant time effects were found for intrinsic motivation (Λ = .691, F [11, 2]= 17.494, p&lt; .001), basic psychological needs (Λ = .951, F [11, 2]= 22.691, p&lt; .001), and self-regulation (Λ = .881, F [10, 2]= 40.942, p&lt; .001), but no main interactions. Significant increases occurred from pre-testing to 3-mo follow-up for intrinsic motivation (pre: 1.80 ± .90 vs 3mo: 2.71 ± .63, p= .002), competence (pre: 1.98 ± .93 vs 3mo: 3.55±.81, p&lt; .001), autonomy (pre: 2.14 ± .75 vs 3mo: 3.81 ± .74, p&lt; .001) relatedness (pre: 2.78±1.60 vs 3mo: 4.32 ± .58, p&lt; .001), and self-regulation (pre: 18.4 ± 2.88 vs 3mo: 33.79 ± 3.11, p&lt; .001). Adherence rates for both groups were 93%. Retention rates were 33% for SEG and 25% for MEG. MEG had 38% complete RE 1 day/week opposed to none in SEG. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE: Ten weeks of culturally-tailored, supervised RE showed efficacy in significantly increasing motivation and behavioral practices to help sustain exercise. Future research should further explore strategies to use during unsupervised training to help increase exercise adherence in young Black women.

Abstract 6290: Effects of a circuit, interval-based exercise program on vascular function among cancer survivors

Abstract Background: Cancer survivors are at an increased risk of cardiovascular comorbidity, including atherosclerosis, hypertension, and heart failure, due to negative impacts of cancer treatments on vascular function. Exercise is recommended in recent cardio-oncology rehabilitation guidelines and has been shown to improve vascular function in clinical populations; however, its effects on vascular function are understudied in clinical oncology settings. Purpose: This pilot study examined whether a circuit, interval-based exercise intervention can improve vascular function, assessed by brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (baFMD) and carotid intima media thickness (cIMT) in breast, prostate, and colorectal cancer survivors. Methods: Overweight or obese (BMI&amp;gt;25.0 kg/m2), sedentary breast, prostate or colorectal cancer survivors were randomized to exercise (n=60) or usual care (n=30). Survivors in the 4-month exercise intervention trained three times/week, in a circuit, interval-based supervised moderate-vigorous aerobic (65-85% of VO2max) and resistance (65-85% of 1-repetition maximum) program. cIMT and baFMD were measured at baseline and post-intervention via an ultrasound. Paired t-tests and repeated-measures analysis of variance were run to assess within- and between-group differences. Results: The study sample included breast (n=38), prostate (n=24), colorectal (n=28) cancer survivors who were 63.2 ± 10.8 years old, completed chemotherapy and/or radiation (75%) and were obese (87%). Post-intervention, baFMD significantly increased in the exercise group compared to the control group (between-group mean difference: 6.3%; 95% CI: [1.9 to 9.3], p=0.001). There was also a significant reduction in cIMT in the exercise group compared to the control group (between-group mean difference: -0.039mm, 95% CI: [-0.080 to -0.009], p=0.002). Conclusions: Our findings in this pilot study support that a circuit, interval-based aerobic and resistance exercise intervention may improve vascular function in breast, prostate, and colorectal cancer survivors. Future studies are recommended to understand how exercise interventions can be utilized clinically to improve cardiovascular disease risk and co-morbidity among cancer survivors. Citation Format: Cami N. Christopher, Dong-Woo Kang, Paola Gonzalo-Encabo, Rebekah L. Wilson, Amber J. Normann, Mary K. Norris, Christina M. Dieli-Conwright. Effects of a circuit, interval-based exercise program on vascular function among cancer survivors [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2024; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2024 Apr 5-10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 6290.

Multimodal and conventional resistance training interventions improve muscle function in older adults: Findings from the Training IMCT study

Age-associated remodeling processes affect the intramuscular connective tissue (IMCT) network, which may significantly impair muscle function. Thus, we aimed to test whether including exercises shown to efficiently target the IMCT to a conventional resistance exercise intervention (CONV) would result in greater functional gains as compared to CONV alone. Fifty-three men and women (66.2 ± 3.3 years) were assigned to either CONV (n = 15), multimodal training (MULTI; n = 17) or a control (CTRL; n = 21) group. All subjects were tested at baseline, and those assigned to CONV or MULTI underwent a 16-week training intervention. The CONV group followed a progressive resistance training program, in which the number of weekly training sessions gradually increased from 1 to 3. In the MULTI group, one of these sessions was replaced with plyometric training, followed by self-myofascial release. Testing included maximal strength and power, imaging-based muscle volume, architecture, and functional performance. The intervention effects were analyzed using two- or three-way repeated measures ANOVA models (α = 0.05). Briefly, the maximal knee extension isometric contraction, one-repetition maximum, and isokinetic peak torque increased in all groups (p < 0.05), albeit to a lesser extent in CTRL. On the other hand, quadriceps femoris muscle volume (p = 0.019) and vastus lateralis pennation angle (p < 0.001) increased only in the MULTI group. Handgrip strength did not change in response to the intervention (p = 0.312), whereas Sit-to-Stand performance improved in all groups after the first 8-wks, but only in MULTI and CONV after 16-wks (all p < 0.001). In conclusion, we found that a resistance training intervention in which one weekly training session is replaced by plyometric training is feasible and as effective as a program consisting solely of conventional strength training sessions for inducing gains in muscle strength and function in older adults. Muscle size and architecture improved only in the MULTI group. German Clinical Trials: DRKS00015750.

Resistance exercise interventions for sarcopenia and nutritional status of maintenance hemodialysis patients: a meta-analysis.

A previous meta-analysis showed that exercise training improves patients' physical function and health status. However, the efficacy of resistance exercise (RE) in improving patients' physical function and nutritional status is uncertain. To evaluate the effect of RE on sarcopenia and nutritional indicators in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients. A meta-analysis. Randomized controlled trials up to March 28, 2023 were searched from eight databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wan Fang, China Science and Technology Journal Database, and CBM. The risk of bias of the literature eligible for inclusion was assessed using the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool. When a high heterogeneity was detected, a random-effects model was used. Egger's tests were used to assess publication bias. This review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. The reliability of evidence was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation method, and a meta-analysis of the collected data was performed using Review Manager 5.4.1 software. Nine studies that met the criteria were identified, and 541 patients were included in these research. The results of this review showed that RE improved patients' grip strength levels (mean difference (MD) = 4.39, 95% confidence interval (CI) [3.14-5.64]; P < 0.00001), 6 min walking distance (MD = 40.71, 95% CI [8.92-72.49]; P = 0.01), muscle mass (MD = 4.50, 95% CI [2.01-6.99]; P = 0.0004), and serum albumin level (MD = 3.16, 95% CI [1.13-5.19]; P = 0.002) compared with the controls. However, the improvement caused by RE on hemoglobin (MD = 1.69, 95% CI [-1.49 to 4.87], P = 0.30) and cholesterol (MD = 2.33, 95% CI [-5.00 to 9.65], P = 0.53) levels was not statistically significant. RE showed a significant effect on muscle function and strength of MHD patients. This meta-analysis provides new ideas on the efficacy of RE in muscle function and strength of MHD patients. The use of consistent RE patterns and nutritional interventions should be considered in future studies for further assessment of its effects. In the future, more high-quality studies will be required to verify these results. This meta-analysis identified the effect of RE on muscle strength, muscle function, and walking ability of HD patients, and provided a basis for clinical formulation of the optimal timing of intervention and the optimal frequency, intensity, modality, and content of intervention. No patient or public contribution because it does not apply to my work. This review has been registered at the International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis (INPLASY) (registration number: INPLASY202340078).

Effect of Resistance Exercise on Body Composition and Functional Capacity in Older Women with Sarcopenic Obesity-A Systematic Review with Narrative Synthesis.

Resistance exercise has shown effectiveness in reducing various risk factors related to sarcopenic obesity (SO) compared to other types of exercise, e.g., aerobic exercise. This systematic review evaluates the effect of resistance exercise on body composition, muscular strength, and functional capacity among older women with sarcopenic obesity aged ≥ 60 years. This systematic review is registered on PROSPERO (registration No. CRD42023394603) and follows the PRISMA guidelines. The following electronic databases were used to search the literature: Pedro, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Embase, PubMed, and Web of Science. We included only RCTs that investigated the effect of resistance exercise on body composition and functional capacity. Two independent reviewers conducted the process of study selection and data extraction. The search strategy retrieved 687 results. One hundred and twenty-six records were deleted as duplicates. Consequently, 534 studies were excluded after the title/abstract assessment. After further detailed evaluation of twenty-seven full texts, seven RCTs were included; all the RCTs examined the isolated effect of resistance exercise in women with sarcopenic obesity. The included studies comprised 306 participants, with an average age of 64 to 72 years. We noticed a trend of improvement in the included studies among the intervention groups compared to the control groups among the different outcomes. The study protocol was inconsistent for the intervention settings, duration, and outcomes. Including a modest number of trials made it impossible to perform data meta-analysis. Heterogeneity among studies regarding training protocols and the outcome measures reported limited robust conclusions. Still, resistance exercise intervention can improve body composition and functional capacity among elderly women with sarcopenic obesity.